Cov yas engineering feem ntau yog hais txog cov thermoplastics uas siv tau ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Cov yas engineering muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo heev, muaj zog heev, tsis yooj yim nkag, muaj zog heev, tiv taus kub zoo, thiab rwb thaiv hluav taws xob zoo. Lawv siv tau ntev hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev hnyav thiab hloov cov hlau ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Cov yas engineering muaj peev xwm muab faib ua cov yas engineering dav dav thiab cov yas engineering tshwj xeeb. Cov hom tseem ceeb ntawm cov qub yog polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyphenylene ether (PPO) thiab polyester (PBT). Thiab PET) tsib hom yas engineering dav dav; qhov tom kawg feem ntau yog hais txog cov yas engineering uas tiv taus kub tshaj 150Co, cov hom tseem ceeb yog polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), kua siv lead ua kua High molecular polymer (LCP), polysulfone (PSF), polyimide (PI), polyaryletherketone (PEEK), polyarylate (PAR), thiab lwm yam.
Tsis muaj kab faib meej meej ntawm cov yas engineering thiab cov yas dav dav. Piv txwv li, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob qho no. Nws cov qib siab siv tau ua cov khoom siv engineering. Qib yog cov yas dav dav (feem ntau txawv teb chaws, ABS yog cais ua cov yas dav dav). Piv txwv li, polypropylene (PP) yog cov yas dav dav, tab sis tom qab kev txhawb nqa iav fiber thiab lwm yam kev sib xyaw, nws lub zog kho tshuab thiab kev tiv thaiv kub tau zoo dua, thiab nws kuj siv tau ua cov khoom siv hauv ntau qhov chaw engineering. Piv txwv li, polyethylene kuj yog cov yas dav dav, tab sis polyethylene hnyav molecular siab heev nrog qhov hnyav molecular ntau dua 1 lab, vim nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo heev thiab qhov kub siab hloov pauv kub, tuaj yeem siv dav ua cov yas engineering hauv tshuab, kev thauj mus los, cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab lwm yam.
Yuav kom txhim kho lub zog, kev tawv, kev tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm cov yas, feem ntau nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txhim kho qee yam ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov txheej txheem xws li kev txhawb nqa, kev sau, thiab ntxiv lwm cov resins raws li cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Hluav taws xob, magnetism, lub teeb, cua sov, kev tiv thaiv kev laus, kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab lwm yam ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom ntxiv rau kev sib xyaw tuaj yeem yog cov nplaim taws retardants, tougheners, stabilizers, thiab lwm yam, lossis lwm yam yas lossis cov fiber reinforced, thiab lwm yam; lub substrate tuaj yeem yog tsib lub yas dav dav, tsib lub yas engineering dav dav, lossis cov yas engineering tshwj xeeb.
Muaj ntau hom yas thiab lawv siv dav. Kwv yees li 90% ntawm cov khoom siv raw resin feem ntau yog polyethylene PE, polypropylene PP, polyvinyl chloride PVC, polystyrene PS thiab ABS resin. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua yam yas muaj nws cov kev txwv.
Nyob rau ob peb xyoos dhau los no, tib neeg tau cog lus rau kev tsim cov khoom siv polymer tshiab. Ntawm ntau txhiab tus khoom siv polymer tshiab tsim, ob peb muaj cov ntawv thov loj. Yog li ntawd, peb tsis tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav tsim cov tshiab. Cov ntaub ntawv polymer los txhim kho kev ua tau zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau dhau los ua qhov kev xaiv ntuj los ua cov yas los ntawm kev sau, sib xyaw, thiab txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem los txhim kho lawv cov nplaim taws, lub zog, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam.
Cov yas ib txwm muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li kev kub hnyiab, kev laus, cov khoom siv kho tshuab qis, thiab qhov kub ua haujlwm qis hauv kev siv hauv kev lag luam thiab kev siv txhua hnub. Los ntawm kev hloov kho, cov yas ib txwm tuaj yeem ua tiav kev ua tau zoo, kev ua haujlwm nce ntxiv, thiab txo tus nqi. Sab saud ntawm cov yas hloov kho yog cov resin thawj, uas siv cov khoom ntxiv lossis lwm cov resins uas txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov resin hauv ib lossis ntau yam xws li mechanics, rheology, combustibility, hluav taws xob, cua sov, lub teeb, thiab magnetism ua cov ntaub ntawv pabcuam. , Toughening, strengthening, blending, alloying thiab lwm yam kev siv tshuab kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov tsos zoo sib xws.
Tsib lub yas siv dav dav ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), thiab polyvinyl chloride
Tsib hom yas engineering dav dav: polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA, tseem hu ua nylon), polyester (PET/PBT), polyphenylene ether (PPO), Polyoxymethylene (POM)
Cov yas tshwj xeeb engineering: polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), kua siv lead ua kua polymer (LCP), polysulfone (PSF), polyimide (PI), polyaryletherketone (PEEK), polyarylate (PAR), thiab lwm yam.
Hais txog cov ntawv thov downstream, cov yas hloov kho feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam xws li cov khoom siv hauv tsev, tsheb, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Txij li thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kuv lub teb chaws txoj kev lag luam loj, lub peev xwm ua lag luam ntawm cov yas hloov kho tau nthuav dav ntxiv. Kev siv cov yas hloov kho pom tseeb hauv kuv lub teb chaws tau txuas ntxiv nce ntxiv los ntawm 720,000 tons thaum ntxov xyoo 2000 mus rau 7.89 lab tons hauv xyoo 2013. Tus nqi loj hlob sib xyaw yog siab txog 18.6%, thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab kev lag luam tsheb suav nrog feem pua ntawm cov ntawv thov downstream.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 2009, lub teb chaws tau tshaj tawm cov cai ntawm "cov khoom siv hauv tsev rau thaj chaw nyob deb nroog" hauv thaj chaw nyob deb nroog thiab "hloov cov khoom qub rau cov khoom tshiab" hauv nroog. Kev ua lag luam rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev xws li lub tshuab cua txias thiab lub tub yees tau rov zoo sai sai, tsav tsheb kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev thov rau cov yas hloov kho rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Tom qab ntsib kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev mus rau thaj chaw nyob deb nroog, qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam khoom siv hauv tsev ntawm kuv lub teb chaws tau qeeb qeeb, thiab qhov kev thov rau cov yas hloov kho kuj tau qeeb qeeb. Kev loj hlob hauv kev lag luam tsheb tau dhau los ua qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm kev siv cov yas hloov kho.
Tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj tau dhau los ua lub teb chaws loj hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab nws yog lub hauv paus tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev thoob ntiaj teb. Feem ntau ntawm cov yas siv hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog cov thermoplastics, suav txog li 90%. Yuav luag txhua cov yas siv hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev yuav tsum tau hloov kho. Tam sim no, feem pua ntawm cov yas hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev loj hauv Tuam Tshoj yog: 60% rau cov tshuab nqus tsev, 38% rau cov tub yees, 34% rau cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, 23% rau TV, thiab 10% rau cov tshuab cua txias.
Cov khoom siv hauv tsev mus rau thaj chaw deb nroog tau pib thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2007, thiab thawj pawg ntawm cov xeev thiab cov nroog sim tau xaus rau thaum kawg ntawm Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2011, thiab lwm lub xeev thiab cov nroog kuj tau xaus rau hauv 1-2 xyoos tom ntej. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm qhov kev loj hlob ntawm plaub hom khoom siv hauv tsev xws li cua txias, TV xim, tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab tub yees, qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev tau siab heev thaum lub sijhawm uas cov khoom siv hauv tsev mus rau thaj chaw deb nroog. Qhov kev loj hlob yav tom ntej ntawm kev lag luam khoom siv hauv tsev yuav nyob ntawm qhov kev loj hlob ntawm 4-8%. Kev txhim kho tas li ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev muab kev thov lag luam ruaj khov rau kev hloov kho yas.
Kev lag luam tsheb yog ib qho chaw siv cov yas hloov kho loj ntxiv rau kev lag luam khoom siv hauv tsev. Cov yas hloov kho tau siv hauv kev lag luam tsheb tau ze li ntawm 60 xyoo. Siv rau hauv tsheb, lawv tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav, ua rau ib puag ncig zoo, muaj kev nyab xeeb, zoo nkauj, thiab xis nyob. Kev txuag hluav taws xob, ruaj khov, thiab lwm yam, thiab 1kg ntawm cov yas tuaj yeem hloov 2-3kg ntawm cov hlau thiab lwm yam khoom siv, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub cev tsheb. Kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias 10% txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb tuaj yeem txo qhov siv roj los ntawm 6-8%, thiab txo qhov siv zog thiab cov pa phem ntawm lub tsheb. Cov qauv kev siv zog thiab cov pa phem ntawm lub tsheb tau nruj dua. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis, hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej, kev siv cov yas hloov kho hauv tsheb tau maj mam tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv sab hauv mus rau cov khoom sab nraud thiab cov khoom siv cav, thaum kev siv cov yas hloov kho hauv tsheb hauv cov tebchaws tsim kho Los ntawm theem pib ntawm kev tsis lees txais, nws tau maj mam tsim mus rau 105 kilograms ib lub tsheb hauv xyoo 2000, thiab ncav cuag ntau dua 150 kilograms hauv xyoo 2010.
Kev siv cov yas hloov kho rau tsheb hauv kuv lub teb chaws tau loj hlob sai. Tam sim no, qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev siv cov yas hloov kho rau ib lub tsheb hauv kuv lub teb chaws yog 110-120 kg, uas qis dua 150-160 kg / lub tsheb hauv cov teb chaws tsim. Nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov neeg siv khoom kev paub txog ib puag ncig thiab cov qauv kev tso pa tawm nruj, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tsheb sib dua ua rau pom tseeb dua, thiab kev siv cov yas hloov kho rau tsheb yuav txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau kaum xyoo dhau los, kev muag khoom tsheb hauv kuv lub teb chaws tau ntsib kev loj hlob sai thiab dhau los ua lub ntiaj teb lub khw muag tsheb loj tshaj plaws hauv xyoo 2009. Txawm hais tias kev loj hlob ntawm kev muag khoom tsheb tau maj mam qeeb hauv xyoo tom ntej, nws xav tias yuav tswj hwm kev loj hlob ruaj khov yav tom ntej. Nrog kev nce ntxiv ntawm kev siv cov yas hloov kho rau tsheb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev muag khoom tsheb, kev siv cov yas hloov kho rau tsheb hauv kuv lub teb chaws yuav txuas ntxiv mus loj hlob sai. Xav tias txhua lub tsheb siv 150kg ntawm yas, xav txog tias cov khoom tsim tawm txhua xyoo ntawm cov tsheb Suav tshaj 20 lab, qhov chaw ua lag luam yog 3 lab tons.
Tib lub sijhawm, vim tias cov tsheb yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov, yuav muaj qee qhov kev xav tau hloov rau cov tsheb uas twb muaj lawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Kwv yees tias kev siv yas hauv kev lag luam txij nkawm yuav suav txog li 10% ntawm kev siv yas hauv cov tsheb tshiab, thiab qhov chaw ua lag luam tiag tiag yog loj dua.
Muaj ntau tus neeg koom nrog kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam yas hloov kho, uas feem ntau muab faib ua ob lub yeej, cov tuam txhab tshuaj lom neeg thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov tuam txhab hauv zos. Cov chaw tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb muaj cov thev naus laus zis ua ntej thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom sib txawv yog ib qho thiab kev teb ceev ntawm kev lag luam qeeb. Yog li ntawd, feem ntawm kev lag luam tsheb hauv kuv lub teb chaws tsis yog siab. Cov tuam txhab yas hloov kho hauv zos yog sib xyaw, feem ntau yog cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab nrog lub peev xwm tsim khoom tsawg dua 3,000 tons, thiab kev lag luam tsheb muaj cov kev xav tau siab rau kev ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom zoo. Nws nyuaj rau cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom zoo, yog li nws nyuaj rau dhau daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov tuam txhab tsheb. Tom qab cov tuam txhab yas hloov kho loj dhau daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov tuam txhab tsheb thiab nkag mus rau hauv lawv cov saw hlau, lawv feem ntau yuav dhau los ua lawv cov neeg koom tes ntev, thiab lawv lub hwj chim sib tham yuav maj mam nce ntxiv.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-30-2020