Mapulasitiki aumisiri amatanthauza ma thermoplastics omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zida zamapangidwe.Mapulasitiki aumisiri ali ndi zinthu zomveka bwino, kusasunthika kwakukulu, kutsika pang'ono, mphamvu zamakina apamwamba, kukana kutentha kwabwino, komanso kutchinjiriza kwamagetsi.Atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo ovuta amankhwala komanso owoneka bwino ndipo amatha kusintha zitsulo ngati zida zaukadaulo.Mapulasitiki aumisiri amatha kugawidwa kukhala mapulasitiki aukadaulo wamba ndi mapulasitiki apadera aumisiri.Mitundu yayikulu yakale ndi polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyphenylene ether (PPO) ndi polyester (PBT).Ndi PET) mapulasitiki asanu a engineering general;zotsirizira zambiri amatanthauza mapulasitiki uinjiniya ndi kukana kutentha pamwamba 150Co, mitundu chachikulu ndi polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), madzi crystal High molecular polima (LCP), polysulfone (PSF), polyimide (PI), polyaryletherketone (PEEK), polyarylate (PAR). ), etc.
Palibe mzere womveka bwino wolekanitsa pakati pa mapulasitiki aumisiri ndi mapulasitiki acholinga chambiri.Mwachitsanzo, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) ili pakati pa ziwirizi.Magiredi ake apamwamba atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zamapangidwe aukadaulo.Kalasiyo ndi mapulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchito wamba (kunja kwakunja, ABS amatchulidwa ngati mapulasitiki acholinga chambiri).Mwachitsanzo, polypropylene (PP) ndi pulasitiki wamba wamba, koma pambuyo kulimbikitsa ulusi wagalasi ndi kusakaniza kwina, mphamvu yake yamakina ndi kukana kutentha kwasinthidwa kwambiri, ndipo itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zinthu zomangira m'magawo ambiri aumisiri. .Mwachitsanzo, polyethylene ndi mmene ambiri cholinga pulasitiki, koma kopitilira muyeso-mkulu maselo kulemera polyethylene ndi molecular kulemera oposa 1 miliyoni, chifukwa cha makina ake kwambiri katundu ndi mkulu kutentha kupotoza kutentha, akhoza ankagwiritsa ntchito monga mapulasitiki zomangamanga. mu makina, zoyendera, Chemical zida etc.
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu, kulimba, kuchepa kwamoto ndi zina zapulasitiki, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kukonza mbali zina za ntchito ya gawo lapansi la synthetic resin pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosakaniza monga kulimbikitsa, kudzaza, ndi kuwonjezera ma resin ena pamaziko. za synthetic resins.Magetsi, maginito, kuwala, kutentha, kukana kukalamba, kutentha kwa moto, makina amakina ndi zina zimakwaniritsa zofunikira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mwapadera.Zowonjezera zowonjezera zimatha kukhala zoletsa moto, zolimbitsa thupi, zolimbitsa thupi, ndi zina zambiri, kapena pulasitiki ina kapena ulusi wolimbitsa, etc.;gawo lapansi litha kukhala mapulasitiki asanu, mapulasitiki asanu aukadaulo, kapena mapulasitiki apadera aumisiri.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mapulasitiki ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Pafupifupi 90% ya zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi utomoni wa polyethylene PE, polypropylene PP, polyvinyl chloride PVC, polystyrene PS ndi ABS resin.Komabe, pulasitiki iliyonse ili ndi malire ake.
M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, anthu akhala akudzipereka pakupanga zipangizo zatsopano za polima.Pakati pa zikwizikwi za zida za polima zomwe zangopangidwa kumene, ndi ochepa omwe ali ndi ntchito zazikulu.Choncho, sitingayembekezere kupanga zatsopano.Zida za polima kuti muwonjezere magwiridwe antchito.Komabe, chakhala chisankho chachilengedwe kukonza mapulasitiki podzaza, kusakaniza, ndi kulimbikitsa njira kuti apititse patsogolo kuchedwa kwawo kwa lawi, mphamvu, komanso kukana mphamvu.
Mapulasitiki wamba ali ndi zofooka monga kuyaka, kukalamba, kutsika kwa makina, ndi kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono pakugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale ndikugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.Kupyolera mu kusinthidwa, mapulasitiki wamba amatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito, kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito, ndi kuchepetsa mtengo.Kumtunda kwa pulasitiki yosinthidwa ndiye utomoni woyambirira, womwe umagwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera kapena utomoni wina womwe umapangitsa kuti utomoni ugwire bwino mu gawo limodzi kapena zingapo monga zimango, rheology, kuyaka, magetsi, kutentha, kuwala, ndi maginito ngati zida zothandizira., Toughening, kulimbikitsa, kusakaniza, alloying ndi njira zina luso kupeza zipangizo ndi maonekedwe yunifolomu.
Mapulasitiki asanu ofunikira ngati zida zoyambira: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), ndi polyvinyl chloride
Mapulasitiki asanu aukadaulo aukadaulo: polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti nayiloni), polyester (PET/PBT), polyphenylene ether (PPO), Polyoxymethylene (POM)
Mapulasitiki apadera a uinjiniya: polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), crystal polima (LCP), polysulfone (PSF), polyimide (PI), polyaryletherketone (PEEK), polyarylate (PAR), etc.
Pankhani ya ntchito zotsika, mapulasitiki osinthidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mafakitale monga zida zapakhomo, magalimoto, ndi zida zamagetsi.
Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 21, ndi chitukuko cha chuma cha dziko langa, msika wa mapulasitiki osinthidwa wakula kwambiri.Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mapulasitiki osinthidwa m'dziko langa kwapitilira kuchulukirachulukira kuchokera ku matani 720,000 koyambirira kwa 2000 mpaka matani 7.89 miliyoni mu 2013. Chiwopsezo chakukula kwapawiri ndi 18.6%, ndipo zida zapakhomo ndi mafakitale amagalimoto zimatengera gawo lalikulu kwambiri. za mapulogalamu apamtunda.
Mu Ogasiti 2009, dzikolo linakhazikitsa mfundo za “zida za m’nyumba zopita kumidzi” m’madera akumidzi ndi “kulowetsa zakale ndi zatsopano” m’matauni.Msika wazida zam'nyumba monga zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi mafiriji zidachira msanga, ndikupangitsa kukula kwachangu kwa kufunikira kwa mapulasitiki osinthidwa azida zam'nyumba.Nditawona kukula kofulumira kwa zida zapakhomo zomwe zikupita kumidzi, kukula kwa mafakitale akunyumba yakudziko langa kwatsika, ndipo kufunikira kwa mapulasitiki osinthidwa kwatsikanso.Kukula kwa gawo lamagalimoto kwakhala chifukwa chachikulu chakuchulukira kwa mapulasitiki osinthidwa.
Pakadali pano, China yakhala dziko lalikulu pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapakhomo, ndipo ndiye likulu lopangira zida zapakhomo padziko lonse lapansi.Mapulasitiki ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zapakhomo ndi thermoplastics, pafupifupi 90%.Pafupifupi mapulasitiki onse ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba ayenera kusinthidwa.Pakali pano, gawo la mapulasitiki m'zida zazikulu zapakhomo ku China ndi: 60% ya zotsukira, 38% ya firiji, 34% ya makina ochapira, 23% ya ma TV, ndi 10% ya zoyatsira mpweya.
Zida zapanyumba kumidzi zidayamba mu Disembala 2007, ndipo gulu loyamba la zigawo ndi mizinda yoyendetsa zidatha kumapeto kwa Novembala 2011, ndipo zigawo zina ndi mizinda zidathanso zaka 1-2.Kuchokera pamalingaliro a kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa mitundu inayi ya zida zapanyumba monga ma air conditioners, ma TV amtundu, makina ochapira ndi mafiriji, kukula kwa zida zapanyumba kunali kwakukulu kwambiri panthawi yomwe zida zakunyumba zidapita kumidzi.Kukula kwamtsogolo kwamakampani opanga zida zam'nyumba kukuyembekezeka kukhalabe pakukula kwa 4-8%.Kukula kosasunthika kwa gawo la zida zapanyumba kumapereka kufunikira kokhazikika kwa msika pakusinthidwa kwa pulasitiki.
Makampani amagalimoto ndi gawo lalikulu logwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki osinthidwa kuphatikiza pamakampani opanga zida zam'nyumba.Mapulasitiki osinthidwa akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani opanga magalimoto kwa zaka pafupifupi 60.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto, amatha kuchepetsa thupi, kukhala okonda zachilengedwe, otetezeka, okongola, komanso omasuka.Kupulumutsa mphamvu, durability, etc., ndi 1kg pulasitiki akhoza m'malo 2-3kg zitsulo ndi zipangizo zina, amene angathe kuchepetsa kwambiri kulemera kwa galimoto galimoto.Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuchepetsa 10% kulemera kwa galimoto kungachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi 6-8%, komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi kutulutsa mpweya wa galimoto.Kuchulukirachulukira kwakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu movutikira komanso kutulutsa kwamagetsi.Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, m'zaka makumi angapo zotsatira, kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki osinthidwa m'magalimoto kwayamba pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku zida zamkati kupita ku zigawo zakunja ndi zida zam'mphepete mwa injini, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki osinthidwa m'magalimoto m'maiko otukuka kuyambira pachiyambi kuvomerezedwa, pang'onopang'ono idakula mpaka ma kilogalamu 105 pagalimoto iliyonse mu 2000, ndipo idafikira ma kilogalamu opitilira 150 mu 2010.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki osinthidwa pamagalimoto m'dziko langa kwakula kwambiri.Pakalipano, kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki osinthidwa pa galimoto m'dziko langa ndi 110-120 kg, yomwe ili kutali kwambiri ndi 150-160 kg / galimoto m'mayiko otukuka.Ndikusintha kwa chidziwitso cha ogula pazachilengedwe komanso miyezo yokhazikika yotulutsa mpweya, momwe magalimoto opepuka amawonekera kwambiri, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki osinthidwa pamagalimoto kupitilira kukula.Kuonjezera apo, m'zaka khumi zapitazi, malonda a magalimoto a dziko langa adakula mofulumira kwambiri ndipo anakhala msika waukulu kwambiri wa magalimoto padziko lonse mu 2009. kukula kosalekeza m’tsogolo .Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mapulasitiki osinthidwa a magalimoto ndi kukula kwa malonda a magalimoto, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mapulasitiki osinthidwa a magalimoto m'dziko langa kudzapitirira kukula mofulumira.Pongoganiza kuti galimoto iliyonse imagwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki yokwana 150kg, poganizira kuti magalimoto aku China amapitilira 20 miliyoni, malo amsika ndi matani 3 miliyoni.
Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa magalimoto ndi zinthu zokhazikika, padzakhala kufunikira kwina kwa magalimoto omwe alipo panthawi yamoyo.Akuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa pulasitiki pamsika wokonza kudzawerengera pafupifupi 10% ya pulasitiki yamagalimoto atsopano, ndipo malo enieni amsika ndi akulu.
Pali ambiri omwe akutenga nawo gawo pamsika pamakampani osinthidwa apulasitiki, omwe amagawika m'misasa iwiri, zimphona zamitundumitundu ndi makampani am'deralo.Opanga apadziko lonse lapansi ali ndiukadaulo wotsogola komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri.Komabe, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malonda ndi imodzi ndipo liwiro la msika likuyenda pang'onopang'ono.Chifukwa chake, gawo la msika wamsika wamagalimoto mdziko langa silitali.Makampani apulasitiki osinthidwa am'deralo ndi osakanikirana, makamaka mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati omwe amatha kupanga matani osakwana 3,000, ndipo makampani amagalimoto ali ndi zofunika kwambiri pakukhazikika kwazinthu.Ndizovuta kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati kuti atsimikizire kukhazikika kwamtundu wazinthu, kotero ndizovuta kupititsa chiphaso chamakampani amagalimoto .Makampani akuluakulu apulasitiki osinthidwa atapereka ziphaso zamakampani amagalimoto ndikulowa mgulu lawo lazinthu zogulitsira, nthawi zambiri amakhala anzawo anthawi yayitali, ndipo mphamvu zawo zogulitsirana zimawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-30-2020