ʻO ka plastics ʻenekinia e pili nui ana i nā thermoplastics hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau mea kūkulu. Loaʻa i nā plastics ʻenekinia nā waiwai piha maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ka kolo haʻahaʻa, ka ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi, a me ka insulation uila maikaʻi. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi ma nā wahi kemika a me ke kino ʻino a hiki ke pani i nā metala ma ke ʻano he mau mea kūkulu ʻenekinia. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā plastics ʻenekinia i nā plastics ʻenekinia laulā a me nā plastics ʻenekinia kūikawā. ʻO nā ʻano nui o ka mua he polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyphenylene ether (PPO) a me polyester (PBT). A ʻo PET) ʻelima mau plastics ʻenekinia laulā; ʻo ka mea hope e pili pinepine ana i nā plastics ʻenekinia me ke kūpaʻa wela ma luna o 150Co, ʻo nā ʻano nui he polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), liquid crystal High molecular polymer (LCP), polysulfone (PSF), polyimide (PI), polyaryletherketone (PEEK), polyarylate (PAR), etc.
ʻAʻohe laina hoʻokaʻawale maopopo ma waena o nā plastics ʻenekinia a me nā plastics kumu maʻamau. No ka laʻana, aia ka acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) ma waena o nā mea ʻelua. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kona mau māka kiʻekiʻe e like me nā mea kūkulu ʻenekinia. ʻO ka māka he mau plastics kumu maʻamau (ma waho ma ke ʻano laulā, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ABS he plastics kumu maʻamau). No kekahi laʻana ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka polypropylene (PP) kahi plastic kumu maʻamau maʻamau, akā ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka fiber aniani a me nā hui ʻana ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia kona ikaika mechanical a me ke kūpaʻa wela, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea kūkulu ma nā ʻoihana ʻenekinia he nui. No kekahi laʻana ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka polyethylene kahi plastic kumu maʻamau maʻamau, akā ʻo ka polyethylene kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe loa me ke kaumaha molekala ma mua o 1 miliona, ma muli o kona mau waiwai mechanical maikaʻi loa a me ka mahana wela kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me nā plastics ʻenekinia i nā mīkini, ka halihali, nā lako kemika etc.
I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ikaika, ka paʻakikī, ka pale ʻana i ka lapalapa a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe o nā plastics, pono pinepine ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i kekahi mau ʻano o ka hana o ka substrate resin synthetic ma o nā ʻano hana hoʻohuihui e like me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, ka hoʻopiha ʻana, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā resins ʻē aʻe ma ke kumu o nā resins synthetic. ʻO ka uila, ka magnetism, ka mālamalama, ka wela, ke kū'ē ʻana i ka ʻelemakule, ka pale ʻana i ka lapalapa, nā waiwai mechanical a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e hoʻokō i nā koi no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana kūikawā. Hiki i nā mea hoʻohui no ka hoʻohuihui ʻana ke lilo i mau mea pale lapalapa, nā mea hoʻoikaika, nā mea hoʻopaʻa, a pēlā aku, a i ʻole kekahi plastic a i ʻole fiber i hoʻoikaika ʻia, a pēlā aku; hiki i ka substrate ke ʻelima mau plastics laulā, ʻelima mau plastics ʻenekinia laulā, a i ʻole ka plastic ʻenekinia kūikawā.
Nui nā ʻano palakiko a hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou. Ma kahi o 90% o nā mea maka resin i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia he polyethylene PE, polypropylene PP, polyvinyl chloride PVC, polystyrene PS a me ABS resin. Eia nō naʻe, he mau palena ko kēlā me kēia palakiko.
I nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei, ua kūpaʻa ka poʻe i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea polymer hou. Ma waena o nā tausani o nā mea polymer i hoʻomohala hou ʻia, he kakaikahi ka poʻe i loaʻa nā noi nui. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke manaʻolana e hoʻomohala i nā mea hou. Nā mea polymer e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana. Eia nō naʻe, ua lilo ia i koho kūlohelohe e hana i nā plastics ma ka hoʻopiha ʻana, ka hoʻohuihui ʻana, a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā ʻano hana e hoʻonui ai i ko lākou pale ʻana i ka lapalapa, ka ikaika, a me ke kūpaʻa i ka hopena.
He mau hemahema ko nā palakiko maʻamau e like me ka lapalapa ʻana, ka ʻelemakule ʻana, nā waiwai mechanical haʻahaʻa, a me ka mahana hana haʻahaʻa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā. Ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana, hiki i nā palakiko maʻamau ke hoʻokō i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana, ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana, a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kumukūʻai. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka palakiko i hoʻololi ʻia ʻo ia ka resin ʻano mua, kahi e hoʻohana ai i nā mea hoʻohui a i ʻole nā resins ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o ka resin ma kekahi a i ʻole kekahi mau ʻano e like me ka mechanics, rheology, combustibility, uila, wela, kukui, a me ka magnetism ma ke ʻano he mau mea kōkua. , Toughening, strengthing, blending, alloying a me nā ʻano loea ʻē aʻe e loaʻa ai nā mea me ke ʻano like.
ʻElima mau palakiko no nā kumu maʻamau: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), a me ka polyvinyl chloride
ʻElima mau palakiko ʻenekinia maʻamau: polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo nylon), polyester (PET/PBT), polyphenylene ether (PPO), Polyoxymethylene (POM)
Nā palakiko ʻenekinia kūikawā: polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polymer kristal wai (LCP), polysulfone (PSF), polyimide (PI), polyaryletherketone (PEEK), polyarylate (PAR), a pēlā aku.
Ma ke ʻano o nā noi ma hope, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā plastics i hoʻololi ʻia i nā ʻoihana e like me nā mīkini home, nā kaʻa, a me nā mīkini uila.
Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 21, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai nui o koʻu ʻāina, ua hoʻonui hou ʻia ka hiki ke kūʻai aku i nā plastik i hoʻololi ʻia. Ua hoʻomau ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastik i hoʻololi ʻia ma koʻu ʻāina mai 720,000 tons i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2000 a i 7.89 miliona tons i ka makahiki 2013. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka hui ʻana ma 18.6%, a ʻo nā ʻoihana lako home a me nā kaʻa kaʻa no kahi hapa kiʻekiʻe o nā noi ma hope.
I ʻAukake 2009, ua hoʻokumu ka ʻāina i nā kulekele o "nā lako home i ke kuaʻāina" ma nā wahi kuaʻāina a "hoʻololi i ka mea kahiko no ka mea hou" ma nā wahi kūlanakauhale. Ua hoʻōla koke ʻia ka mākeke no nā lako home e like me nā ea hoʻoluʻu a me nā pahu hau, e hoʻokele ana i ka ulu wikiwiki o ke koi no nā plastik i hoʻololi ʻia no nā lako home. Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i ka ulu wikiwiki o nā lako home e hele ana i ke kuaʻāina, ua lohi ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana lako home o koʻu ʻāina, a ua lohi pū ke koi no nā plastik i hoʻololi ʻia. Ua lilo ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻāpana kaʻa i kumu nui no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastik i hoʻololi ʻia.
I kēia manawa, ua lilo ʻo Kina i ʻāina nui i ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lako hale, a ʻo ia ke kikowaena hana o nā lako hale honua. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā plastics i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā lako hale he thermoplastics, e helu ana ma kahi o 90%. Aneane pono e hoʻololi ʻia ka aneane āpau o nā plastics i hoʻohana ʻia i nā lako hale. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hapa o nā plastics i nā lako hale nui ma Kina: 60% no nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe vacuum, 38% no nā pahu hau, 34% no nā mīkini holoi, 23% no nā TV, a me 10% no nā ea hoʻoluʻu.
Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻouna ʻana aku i nā lako hale i nā kuaʻāina i Dekemaba 2007, a ua pau ka hoʻouna mua ʻana o nā panalāʻau a me nā kūlanakauhale hoʻāʻo i ka hopena o Nowemapa 2011, a ua pau pū nā panalāʻau a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe i nā makahiki 1-2 ma hope. Mai ka manaʻo o ka ulu ʻana o nā huahana o nā ʻano lako hale ʻehā e like me nā ea hoʻoluʻu, nā TV kala, nā mīkini holoi a me nā pahu hau, ua kiʻekiʻe loa ka ulu ʻana o nā lako hale i ka wā i hele aku ai nā lako hale i nā kuaʻāina. Manaʻo ʻia e noho mau ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana lako hale i ka ulu ʻana o 4-8%. ʻO ka ulu mau ʻana o ka ʻāpana lako hale e hāʻawi ana i ka noi mākeke paʻa no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka plastik.
ʻO ka ʻoihana kaʻa kahi kahua noi nui o nā plastics i hoʻololi ʻia ma waho aʻe o ka ʻoihana lako home. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā plastics i hoʻololi ʻia i ka ʻoihana kaʻa no kahi kokoke i 60 mau makahiki. Hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā kaʻa, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻemi i ke kaumaha, e launa pū me ke kaiapuni, palekana, nani, a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi. Mālama ikehu, kūpaʻa, a pēlā aku, a hiki i ka 1kg o ka plastic ke pani i ka 2-3kg o ke kila a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hōʻemi nui i ke kaumaha o ke kino kaʻa. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e hiki i ka hōʻemi ʻana o 10% i ke kaumaha o kahi kaʻa ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie ma 6-8%, a hōʻemi nui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu a me nā hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka pau ʻana o ke kaʻa. Ke piʻi nei ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu a me nā kūlana hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka pau ʻana. Me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana, i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei, ua ulu mālie ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastics i hoʻololi ʻia i nā kaʻa mai nā mea o loko a i nā ʻāpana o waho a me nā ʻāpana peripheral engine, ʻoiai ke noi ʻana i nā plastics i hoʻololi ʻia i nā kaʻa ma nā ʻāina i hoʻomohala ʻia Mai ka pae mua o ka ʻae ʻole ʻia, ua ulu mālie ia i 105 kilograms no kēlā me kēia kaʻa i ka makahiki 2000, a ua hiki aku ma mua o 150 kilograms i ka makahiki 2010.
Ua ulu wikiwiki ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā palakiko i hoʻololi ʻia no nā kaʻa ma koʻu ʻāina. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka awelika o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā palakiko i hoʻololi ʻia no kēlā me kēia kaʻa ma koʻu ʻāina he 110-120 kg, ʻoi aku ka mamao ma hope o ka 150-160 kg/kaʻa ma nā ʻāina i hoʻomohala ʻia. Me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka ʻike kaiapuni o nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā kūlana hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka hoʻopau ʻana, ua lilo ke ʻano o nā kaʻa māmā i mea maopopo loa, a e hoʻomau ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā palakiko i hoʻololi ʻia no nā kaʻa. Eia kekahi, i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ʻia ke kūʻai aku ʻana o nā kaʻa o koʻu ʻāina i kahi pōʻai o ka ulu wikiwiki a lilo i mākeke kaʻa nui loa o ka honua i ka makahiki 2009. ʻOiai ua lohi mālie ka ulu ʻana o ke kūʻai aku ʻana o nā kaʻa i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, manaʻo ʻia e mālama i ka ulu mau i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā palakiko i hoʻololi ʻia no nā kaʻa a me ka ulu ʻana o ke kūʻai aku ʻana o nā kaʻa, e hoʻomau ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā palakiko i hoʻololi ʻia no nā kaʻa ma koʻu ʻāina. Ke manaʻo nei e hoʻohana kēlā me kēia kaʻa i 150kg o ka palakiko, e noʻonoʻo ana ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana makahiki o nā kaʻa Kina ma mua o 20 miliona, ʻo ka wahi mākeke he 3 miliona tons.
I ka manawa like, no ka mea he waiwai paʻa nā kaʻa, e loaʻa ana kekahi koi pani no nā kaʻa e kū nei i ka wā o ke ola. Ua manaʻo ʻia e pili ana ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka palakika ma ka mākeke mālama i ka 10% o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka palakika i nā kaʻa hou, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mākeke maoli.
Nui nā mea komo mākeke i ka ʻoihana plastik i hoʻololi ʻia, kahi i māhele nui ʻia i ʻelua mau kahua, nā pilikua kemika multinational a me nā ʻoihana kūloko. Loaʻa i nā mea hana honua ka ʻenehana alakaʻi a me ka hana huahana maikaʻi loa. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻokahi wale nō ke ʻano o ka huahana a lohi ka wikiwiki o ka pane ʻana o ka mākeke. No laila, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka māhele mākeke o ka mākeke kaʻa o koʻu ʻāina. Ua hui pū ʻia nā ʻoihana plastik i hoʻololi ʻia kūloko, ʻo ka hapa nui he mau ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me waena me ka hiki ke hana ma lalo o 3,000 tons, a he kiʻekiʻe nā koi o ka ʻoihana kaʻa no ke kūpaʻa o ka maikaʻi o ka huahana. He mea paʻakikī no nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me waena ke hōʻoia i ke kūpaʻa o ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, no laila he mea paʻakikī ke hala i ka hōʻoia o nā ʻoihana kaʻa. Ma hope o ka hala ʻana o nā ʻoihana plastik i hoʻololi ʻia nui i ka hōʻoia o nā ʻoihana kaʻa a komo i kā lākou kaulahao lako, e lilo pinepine lākou i mau hoa lōʻihi, a e piʻi mālie ko lākou mana kūkākūkā.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-30-2020