Ama-Optical Brighteners asetshenziswe kanye nezinsipho kusukela ngo-1940. Naphezu komthamo wawo ophansi ekwakhiweni kwezinsipho, aletha imiphumela emihle kakhulu yokwenza mhlophe futhi akhanyise, okwenza abe yisithako esiyinhloko nesithandwayo embonini yezinsipho.

Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele,40% womkhiqizo we-Optical brightener emhlabeniokwamanje isetshenziswa emkhakheni wezinsipho.

Lesi sihloko sinikeza umbono omfushane wama-Optical Brighteners, okuhlanganisa incazelo yawo, indlela yokwenza mhlophe, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo, umthamo onconywayo, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuphepha kwawo ekusetshenzisweni kwawo—okuyinto ekhathazayo abathengi emhlabeni jikelele.

1. YiziphiIzibani Zokukhanya Ezibonakalayo?

Ama-Optical Brighteners awuhlobo lwedayi ye-Optical. Ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV), akhipha ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuhambisana nokukhanya okuphuzi ebusweni be-substrate, ngaleyo ndlela afeze umphumela wokuba mhlophe.

Obeye aziwe njengoizibani zokukhanya or amadayi amhlophe abonakalayo, zisebenzisa umphumela wokuhambisana nombala we-optical ukuze zenze mhlophe, zikhanyise futhi zithuthukise ukukhanya kwezinto ezimhlophe noma ezinombala okhanyayo njengezindwangu, iphepha, kanye nepulasitiki.

2. Indlela Yokwenza Umhlophe Wezibani Ezikhanyayo Zokukhanya

Njengoba kushiwo yincazelo yabo, indlela yokwenza mhlophe ama-Optical Brighteners ilandelayo:

Njengoba zichayeke elangeni (eliqukethe ukukhanya kwe-UV), zimunca ukukhanya kwe-UV okunobude obungu-340 ~ 380nm futhi zikhipha ukukhanya okubonakalayo ebangeni elibonakalayo eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-violet (410 ~ 460nm). Lokhu kukhanya okuphumayo kuhlangana nokukhanya okuphuzi ku-substrate ukuze kukhiqize umphumela ohlukile wokwenza kube mhlophe.

Ukukhanya okubonakalayo kwe-substrate ekhanyisiwe kuyathuthukiswa, okwenza kube mhlophe futhi kukhanye kakhulu i-substrate.

3. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-Optical Brighteners

Ama-Optical Brighteners asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini eziningi nasezindaweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa izindwangu, ukwenza amaphepha, insipho, amapulasitiki, izembozo, uyinki, isikhumba, ukuvikela ukukhwabanisa, kanye nokutholwa kwe-laser. Ukusatshalaliswa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba wonke ngezimboni kuboniswe kuthebula elingezansi:

4. Kungani Ufaka Ama-Optical Brighteners Kuma-Detergent?

(1) Thuthukisa Ukusebenza Kokugeza

Izindwangu ezimhlophe noma ezinombala okhanyayo ezenziwe ngemicu yemvelo neyokwenziwa zivame ukuba phuzi futhi zibukeke zigugile ngemva kokusetshenziswa nokuwashwa okuphindaphindiwe. Lapho izindwangu zihlanzwa, ama-Optical Brighteners asemasethini ayamunca ebusweni bendwangu, awenze abe mhlophe futhi akhanyise izinto ezihlanziwe, abuyisele izindwangu eziphuzi, ezindala zibe zihlanzekile, zikhanya futhi zibukeke zintsha. Lokhukuphakamisa ngokubonakalayo ukusebenza kokuwasha okupheleleyomkhiqizo wensipho.

(2) Thuthukisa Ukubukeka Komkhiqizo Wokuhlanza

Ama-Optical Brighteners athuthukisa ngempumelelo ubumhlophe bensipho yokuwasha ewuphuphu noma izinsipho,ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwemikhiqizo yensipho nokuphakamisa izinga lomkhiqizo wayo.

5. Izibani Ezivamile Zokukhanya Zezinsipho Zokuhlanza

Ukukhethwa kwama-Optical Brighteners kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwensipho. Ngokusekelwe emashumini eminyaka okusetshenziswa okusebenzayo, i-DSD acid bis-triazine kanye ne-distyryl biphenyl Optical Brighteners ziletha ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu.

Phakathi kwalezi,I-CI Optical Brightener 351futhiI-CI Optical Brightener 71yizinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke—ezaziwa nangokuthiI-Optical Brightener CBS kanye ne-Optical Brightener CXT, izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamukelwa kabanzi embonini yezinsipho yaseShayina futhi zaziwa emhlabeni jikelele.

6. Isilinganiso Esinconywayo Sezibani Ezikhanyayo Ezisezitsheni Zokuhlanza

Okuningi akungconouma kukhulunywa ngomthamo wama-Optical Brighteners kuma-detergent. Inani elifanele linqunywa yizici ezifana nokwakheka kwe-detergent, ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe, kanye nohlobo oluthile lwe-Optical brightener.

Ukukhanya okuphuzi ezindwangu ezihlanziwe kulinganiselwe, ngakho-ke inani lokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okune-violet elidingekayo ukuze kulungiswe nalo lilinganiselwe. Njengoba ukugcwala kwama-Optical Brighteners endwangu kukhuphuka, ukuqina kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okune-violet kuyanda, okwenza indwangu ibe mhlophe kancane kancane.

Uma ukuhlushwa kufinyelela ezingeni elifanele, ukuqina kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhanyayo kuvimbela ngqo ukukhanya okuphuzi endwangu—leli iphuzu lomphumela omkhulu wokwenza mhlopheUkwandisa umthamo kuzokwenza ukuthi kube nokwehla kokumhlophe.

Lesi sici sigcizelela ukubaluleka kokulawula umthamo ngokunembile. EYurophu nase-United States, umthamo onconywayo wama-Optical Brighteners ezinhlotsheni zokuhlanza uyahlukahluka.kusukela ku-0.05% kuya ku-0.5%.

7. Ukuphepha Kwama-Optical Brighteners Ekusetshenzisweni Kwe-Detergent

Ukuphepha kwe-Optical Brighteners kuyinto ekhathaza kakhulu abathengi, futhi ngisho nomthombo wokungabaza nokukhathazeka okungadingekile. Ku-Optical Brightener CBS kanye ne-CXT—izinhlobo ezimbili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezinsipho—ososayensi bezinto ezinobuthi kanye nesayensi yezemvelo emhlabeni wonke benze izifundo zesayensi eziqinile ezilwaneni zaselabhorethri kanye nabantu abazithandelayo ukuze bahlole ukuphepha kwazo.

Lezi zifundo zihlanganisa ubuthi obukhulu, ubuthi besikhumba, ukucasuka, ukuzwela, ubuthi be-genotoxicity, ubuthi obuphindaphindwayo bedosi, ubuthi be-teratogenicity, ubuthi be-carcinogenicity, ukuqongelela emzimbeni, kanye nokugxila kwazo emvelweni emifuleni nasenhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa ukulingisa kanye nokunciphisa izimo ezingaba khona zokuchayeka kubantu, amazinga okuchayeka, kanye nemikhawulo yokuchayeka.

Iziphetho zicacile futhi zicacile:

1. Idatha yakamuva evela kwi-European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) iqinisekisa ukuthi ama-Optical Brighteners okusetshenziswa kwensiphohhayi izinto ze-PBT (eziqhubekayo, eziqongelelekayo, ezinobuthi) noma i-vPvB (eziqhubekayo kakhulu, eziqongelelekayo kakhulu).

2. Ama-Brighteners e-Opticalakufakiweohlwini lwamadayi avinjelwe akhishwe yi-European Union kanye ne-International Association for Research and Testing in the Field of Textile Ecology (Oeko-Tex).

3.I-European Chemical Industry Council (CEFIC) kanye nezinhlangano zikazwelonke zensipho kanye nensipho ziqinisekisa ukuthi ama-Optical Brighteners okusetshenziswa kwensipho aphephile futhiakulimazi impilo yabantu noma imvelo.

4. I-Japan Soap and Detergent Association (JSDA) iphetha ngokuthi ama-Optical Brighteners okusetshenziswa kwensipho abonisaingozi ephansi kakhuluempilweni yabantu kanye nemvelo.

Lokhu kubuka konke kunikeza ukuqonda okuphelele nokunembile kwama-Optical Brighteners kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo kuma-detergent. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nemikhiqizo yethu ye-Optical Brightener, sicela ukhululeke ukuXhumana nathinganoma yisiphi isikhathi—sihlinzeka ngezixazululo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezihambisanayo nezilungiselelwe wena ngokwezidingo zakho zokwenziwa kwensipho.