Imashini zikoresha amazi zikoresha amazi kuva mu 1940 zakoreshejwe hamwe n’isabune. Nubwo ingano yazo ari nke mu miterere yazo, zitanga umusaruro mwiza wo kwera no gukabya, bigatuma ziba inyongeramusaruro ikunzwe cyane mu nganda zikora isabune.

Dukurikije imibare ituzuye,40% by'umusaruro w'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bitanga urumuri ku isiubu ikoreshwa mu rwego rw'isuku.

Iyi nkuru itanga incamake ngufi y’ibikoresho by’ubuhanga bya Optical Brighteners, harimo ibisobanuro byabyo, uburyo bwo kubikora, uko bikora n’uko bikoreshwa, urugero rw’ibipimo byasabwe, ndetse n’ingenzi cyane, umutekano wabyo mu ikoreshwa ryabyo—ikintu cy’ingenzi ku baguzi ku isi yose.

1. Ni ikiIbyuma bitanga urumuri?

Optical Brighteners ni ubwoko bwa Optical irangi. Mu gihe cy'imirasire y'urumuri rwa ultraviolet (UV), itanga urumuri rw'ubururu n'urumuri rw'umuhondo rwuzuzanya n'urumuri rw'umuhondo ku buso bw'ubutaka, bityo ikagera ku musaruro w'umweru.

Bizwi kandi nkaibirahuri by'urumuri or Amarangi y'umweru y'amatara, bakoresha uburyo bwuzuzanya bw'amabara y'urumuri kugira ngo beze, bamurike kandi bongere ububengerane bw'ibintu byera cyangwa bifite ibara ryoroheje nk'imyenda, impapuro na pulasitiki.

2. Uburyo bwo Kweza Ibyuma Bitanga Umucyo mu Itara

Nkuko bigaragazwa n'ibisobanuro byabo, uburyo bwo kweza bwa Optical Brighteners ni ubu bukurikira:

Binyuze ku zuba (ririmo urumuri rwa UV), bikurura urumuri rwa UV rufite uburebure bwa 340 ~ 380nm kandi bigatanga urumuri rw'izuba mu buryo bugaragara bw'ubururu-violet (410 ~ 460nm). Uru rumuri rusohoka ruvanga n'urumuri rw'umuhondo ruri ku gice cy'ubutaka kugira ngo rutange ubwiza budasanzwe.

Umucyo ugaragara uturutse kuri substrate imuritse urushaho kwiyongera, ibyo bigatuma umweru n'urumuri byiyongereye cyane.

3. Gukoresha Optical Brighteners

Ibyuma bitanga urumuri bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda n'amashami menshi, harimo imyenda, gukora impapuro, amasabune, pulasitiki, gusiga irangi, wino, uruhu, kurwanya ibihimbano, no gutahura imirasire ya laser. Ikwirakwizwa ry'ikoreshwa ku isi yose hakurikijwe inganda rigaragazwa mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira:

4. Kuki wongeramo ibikoresho byo gukaraba mu byuma bitanga urumuri (Optical Brighteners) mu byuma bitanga urumuri?

(1) Kongera imikorere yo gukaraba

Imyenda yera cyangwa iy'amabara yoroheje ikozwe mu migozi karemano n'iy'ubukorikori ikunda kuba umuhondo kandi isa n'iyashaje nyuma yo kuyikoresha no kuyimesa kenshi. Iyo imyenda imeswa, Optical Brighteners iri mu isabune irafata ku buso bw'imyenda, ikayahindura umweru kandi igatanga urumuri, igasubiza imyenda ishaje isura isukuye, irabagirana kandi isa n'iy'umwimerere. Ibibirushaho kuzamura imikorere yo gukaraba muri rusangeby'umuti w'isabune.

(2) Kunoza imiterere y'ibicuruzwa bisukura amazi

Optical Brighteners yongera neza ubwiza bw'isabune cyangwa amasabune y'ifu,kongera ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa by'isabune no kuzamura urwego rw'ibicuruzwa byabyo.

5. Ibyuma bikoresha amatara asanzwe yo mu bwoko bwa Optical Brighteners

Guhitamo Optical Brighteners ni ingenzi cyane mu gukora isuku. Hashingiwe ku myaka myinshi imaze ikoreshwa mu buryo bufatika, DSD acid bis-triazine na distyryl biphenyl Optical Brighteners bitanga umusaruro mwiza.

Muri ibi,CI Optical Brightener 351naCI Optical Brightener 71ni ubwoko bukoreshwa cyane ku isi yose—buzwi kandi nkaOptical Brightener CBS na Optical Brightener CXT, ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwakoreshejwe cyane mu nganda z'isabune zo mu Bushinwa kandi buzwi ku isi yose.

6. Igipimo cyagenwe cyo gukoresha amatara yo mu bwoko bwa Optical Brighteners mu mashanyarazi

Ibindi ntabwo ari byiza kurushahoIyo bigeze ku gipimo cya Optical Brighteners mu masabune. Ingano nziza igenwa n'ibintu nk'uburyo isabune ikoreshwa, uburyo ikoreshwa, n'ubwoko bwihariye bwa Optical Brightener.

Ubushyuhe bw'urumuri rw'umuhondo ku myenda imeshwe ni ntarengwa, bityo ingano y'urumuri rw'ubururu-violet rukenewe kugira ngo rubeho nayo ni mike. Uko ubwinshi bwa Optical Brighteners ku myenda bwiyongera, ubushyuhe bw'urumuri rw'ubururu-violet rusohoka bugenda bwiyongera, bigatuma imyenda irushaho kwera.

Iyo ingano igeze ku rwego rwiza, ubukana bw'urumuri rw'ubururu-violet rusohora bugabanya neza urumuri rw'umuhondo ku mwenda—iyi ni yo ngingo y'ingenzi yo kweraKongera urugero rw'umuti bizatera kugabanuka k'umweru.

Iyi miterere ishimangira akamaro ko kugenzura neza igipimo. Mu Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, igipimo cya Optical Brighteners gisabwa mu masabune kirimokuva kuri 0.05% kugeza kuri 0.5%.

7. Umutekano w'ibikoresho by'urumuri bikoresha amatara

Umutekano wa Optical Brighteners ni ikibazo gikomeye ku bakoresha, ndetse ni n'isoko ry'ibyifuzo n'imihangayiko bitari ngombwa. Kuri Optical Brightener CBS na CXT—ubwoko bubiri bukoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora isuku—abahanga mu by'uburozi n'ibidukikije ku isi yose bakoze ubushakashatsi bukomeye ku nyamaswa zo muri laboratwari n'abantu bakorerabushake kugira ngo basuzume umutekano wazo.

Ubu bushakashatsi bureba uburozi bukabije, uburozi bw'uruhu, uburibwe, ubukana, uburozi bw'uturemangingo, uburozi busubirwamo ku gipimo, uburozi butera kanseri, ukwiyongera mu mubiri, ndetse n'ubwinshi bwabyo mu migezi no mu butaka. Byongeye kandi, hakozwe isuzuma n'igabanywa ry'ibipimo ku buryo abantu bashobora guhura nabyo, urugero rw'uburozi, n'aho bigarukira.

Imyanzuro irasobanutse kandi irasobanutse:

1. Amakuru aheruka aturuka mu Kigo cy’Uburayi gishinzwe imiti (ECHA) yemeza ko Optical Brighteners ikoreshwa mu gusukurantabwo ari ibintu bya PBT (Bigumaho, Bikomeza kwiyongera, Uburozi) cyangwa vPvB (bigumaho cyane, cyane bikomeza kwiyongera).

2. Ibyuma bitanga urumuri rw'amatara nintabwo biri murimu rutonde rw'irangi ribujijwe ryatanzwe n'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi n'Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga ryita ku Bushakashatsi n'Ibizamini mu Rwego rw'Ibidukikije by'Imyenda (Oeko-Tex).

3.Inama Nkuru y’Uburayi mu Nganda z’Ubutabire (CEFIC) n’amashyirahamwe y’igihugu ashinzwe isabune n’amazi meza byemeza ko imashini zikoresha amazi meza zikoreshwa mu isuku kandinta ngaruka bitera ku buzima bw'abantu cyangwa ibidukikije.

4. Ishyirahamwe ry’Abayapani rishinzwe isabune n’amazi yo kwisukura (JSDA) ryanzuye ko ibikoresho by’ubuhanga byo gukoresha isabune bigaragazaibyago bike cyaneku buzima bw'abantu n'ibidukikije.

Iyi ncamake itanga ubumenyi bwuzuye kandi nyabwo ku byerekeye Optical Brighteners n'ikoreshwa ryazo mu isabune. Ku bibazo byose bijyanye n'ibicuruzwa byacu bya Optical Brightener, nyamuneka hamagaraTwandikireigihe icyo ari cyo cyose—dutanga ibisubizo byiza, byujuje ibisabwa kandi byihariye bijyanye n'ibyo ukeneye mu gukora ifu y'isabune.