Ii-Optical Brighteners zisetyenziswe kunye neesepha ukusukela ngo-1940. Nangona zincinci idosi yazo kwiifomyula zesepha, zinika imiphumo emihle yokwenza mhlophe kwaye ikhanyise, nto leyo ezenza zibe zezona zinto zibalulekileyo nezithandwayo kwishishini lesepha.

Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga,I-40% yemveliso ye-Optical brighteners yehlabathiokwangoku isetyenziswa kwicandelo lesepha.

Eli nqaku linika isishwankathelo esifutshane se-Optical Brighteners, kuquka inkcazo yazo, indlela yokwenza mhlophe, imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo, idosi ecetyiswayo, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukhuseleko lwazo ekusetyenzisweni—into ephambili kubathengi kwihlabathi liphela.

1. ZithiniIzikhanyisi ze-Optical?

Ii-Optical Brighteners luhlobo lwe-Optical dye. Phantsi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV), zikhupha ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza okotshani okuhambelana nokukhanya okumthubi kumphezulu we-substrate, ngaloo ndlela zifumana isiphumo sokuba mhlophe.

Kwaziwa njengeizikhanyisi ze-optical or iidayi ezimhlophe ze-Optical, zisebenzisa isiphumo sokongeza umbala obonakalayo ukwenza mhlophe, kukhanye kwaye kuphucule ukuqaqamba kwezinto ezimhlophe okanye ezinombala okhanyayo ezifana neempahla zelaphu, iphepha, kunye neeplastiki.

2. Indlela Yokwenza Umhlophe Wezinto Ezikhanyayo Zokukhanya

Njengoko kuboniswa yinkcazo yabo, indlela yokwenza mhlophe ii-Optical Brighteners yile ilandelayo:

Zichatshazelwe lilanga (eliqulathe ukukhanya kwe-UV), zifunxa ukukhanya kwe-UV okunobude obuyi-340 ~ 380nm kwaye zikhupha ukukhanya kwe-Optical kuluhlu olubonakalayo lwe-blue-violet (410 ~ 460nm). Olu kukhanya lukhutshwayo ludibana nokukhanya okutyheli kwi-substrate ukuze kuveliswe isiphumo esicacileyo sokuba mhlophe.

Ukukhanya okubonakalayo yi-substrate ekhanyisiweyo kuyaphucuka, nto leyo eyandisa ubumhlophe nokukhanya kwe-substrate kakhulu.

3. Ukusetyenziswa kwee-Optical Brighteners

Ii-Optical Brighteners zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini namacandelo amaninzi, kuquka amalaphu, ukwenza amaphepha, isepha, iiplastiki, ii-coating, ii-inki, ulusu, izinto ezichasene neemveliso zomgunyathi, kunye nokuchonga i-laser. Ukusasazwa kwesicelo sehlabathi ngemizi-mveliso kuboniswe kwitheyibhile engasezantsi:

4. Kutheni kufuneka kufakwe ii-Optical Brighteners kwii-Detergents?

(1) Ukuphucula Ukusebenza Kokuhlamba

Iilaphu ezimhlophe okanye ezikhanyayo ezenziwe ngeefayibha zendalo nezenziweyo zihlala zimthubi kwaye zibukeka zigugile emva kokusetyenziswa nokuhlanjwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Xa iilaphu zihlanjwa, ii-Optical Brighteners ezikwiisepha ziyafunxa kumphezulu welaphu, zizenze mhlophe kwaye zikhanyise izinto ezihlanjiweyo, zibuyisele iilaphu ezimthubi, ezindala zibe nembonakalo ecocekileyo, ekhanyayo nefana neyangaphambili. Okuiphakamisa ngokubonakalayo ukusebenza kokuhlamba ngokubanziyemveliso yesepha.

(2) Phucula Inkangeleko Yemveliso Yezicoci

Ii-Optical Brighteners ziphucula ubumhlophe besepha yokuhlamba impahla egudileyo okanye iibha zesepha,ukuphucula ukubonakala kweemveliso zesepha kunye nokuphakamisa umgangatho wemveliso yazo.

5. Izikhanyisi ze-Optical eziqhelekileyo zeesepha

Ukukhethwa kwee-Optical Brighteners kubaluleke kakhulu kwiifomyula zesepha. Ngokusekelwe kwiminyaka emininzi yokusetyenziswa, i-DSD acid bis-triazine kunye ne-distyryl biphenyl Optical Brighteners zibonelela ngokusebenza okuphezulu.

Phakathi kwezi,I-CI Optical Brightener 351kwayeI-CI Optical Brightener 71zezona ntlobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela—ezaziwa ngokubaI-Optical Brightener CBS kunye ne-Optical Brightener CXT, ezi ntlobo zimbini ziphambili zamkelwe kakhulu kwishishini lezesepha laseTshayina kwaye zaziwa kwihlabathi liphela.

6. Imilinganiselo ecetyiswayo ye-Optical Brighteners kwiidetergents

Okungakumbi akulungangaxa kufikwa kumlinganiselo we-Optical Brighteners kwiisepha. Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bumiselwa zizinto ezifana nokwakheka kwesepha, ukusetyenziswa okucetywayo, kunye nohlobo oluthile lwe-Optical brightener.

Ukukhanya okumthubi kwilaphu elihlanjiweyo kulinganiselwe, ngoko ke ubungakanani bokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okune-violet obufunekayo ukuze kulungiswe nalo bulinganiselwe. Njengoko ubuninzi be-Optical Brighteners kwilaphu bukhula, ubunzulu bokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okune-violet buyanda, nto leyo eyenza ilaphu libe mhlophe ngokuthe ngcembe.

Xa uxinaniso lufikelela kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo, ubukhali bokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhanyayo buyithintela ngqo ukukhanya okumthubi kwilaphu—le yeyona ngongoma iphambili yokwenza mhlopheUkunyusa umthamo ngakumbi kuya kubangela ukwehla kobumhlophe.

Olu phawu lugxininisa ukubaluleka kokulawula idosi ngokuchanekileyo. EYurophu nase-United States, idosi ecetyiswayo ye-Optical Brighteners kwiisepha ziyahluka.ukusuka kwi-0.05% ukuya kwi-0.5%.

7. Ukhuseleko lweZibane ze-Optical xa zisetyenziswa kwi-Detergent

Ukhuseleko lwe-Optical Brighteners yeyona nto ixhalabisa kakhulu abathengi, kwaye ikwangumthombo wokuthandabuza nokuxhalaba okungeyomfuneko. Kwi-Optical Brightener CBS kunye ne-CXT—iintlobo ezimbini ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini le-detergent—iingcali zetyhefu kunye ne-ecology kwihlabathi liphela zenze izifundo zesayensi ezinzulu kwizilwanyana zaselabhoratri kunye nabantu abazithandelayo ukuvavanya ukhuseleko lwazo.

Ezi zifundo zigubungela ubuthi obubukhali, ubuthi besikhumba, ukurhawuzelelwa, ukuziva ukhululekile, ubuthi be-genotoxicity, ubuthi bedosi ephindaphindwayo, ubuthi be-teratogenicity, ubuthi be-carcinogenicity, ukuqokelelwa kwe-in vivo, kunye nobuninzi bazo kwimifula nasemhlabeni. Ukongeza, ukulinganisa kunye nokuncitshiswa kwenziwe kwiimeko ezinokubakho zokuvezwa kwabantu, amanqanaba okuvezwa, kunye nemida yokuvezwa.

Izigqibo zicacile kwaye ziqinisekile:

1. Idatha yamva nje evela kwi-European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) iqinisekisa ukuba ii-Optical Brighteners zokusetyenziswa kwesephaayizozinto ze-PBT (eziqhubekayo, eziqokelelanayo, ezinobuthi) okanye i-vPvB (eziqhubekayo kakhulu, eziqokelelanayo kakhulu).

2. IiBrighteners ze-Optical ziayifakwangakuluhlu lweedayi ezingavumelekanga ezikhutshwe yiManyano yaseYurophu kunye neManyano yaMazwe ngaMazwe yoPhando noVavanyo kwiCandelo le-Ecology yeLaphu (i-Oeko-Tex).

3.IBhunga leMicimbi yaseYurophu (i-CEFIC) kunye nemibutho yesizwe yesepha kunye nezicoci ziqinisekisa ukuba ii-Optical Brighteners zokusetyenziswa kwezicoci zikhuselekile kwayeazinabungozi kwimpilo yabantu okanye kwindalo esingqongileyo.

4. I-Japan Soap and Detergent Association (JSDA) igqiba kwelokuba ii-Optical Brighteners zokusetyenziswa kwesepha zibonisaumngcipheko ophantsi kakhulukwimpilo yabantu nakwindalo esingqongileyo.

Olu lwazi lubonelela ngokuqonda okubanzi nokuchanekileyo kwee-Optical Brighteners kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo kwiisepha. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga neemveliso zethu ze-Optical brightener, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukukunceda.Qhagamshelana nathinangaliphi na ixesha—sinikezela ngezisombululo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezihambelanayo nezilungiselelwe wena ngokweemfuno zakho zesepha.