I-Polyvinylpyrrolidone, efushaniswe ngokuthi i-PVP futhi eyaziwa nangokuthi i-povidone, iyinhlanganisela ye-polymer engeyona i-ionic esebenza kahle kakhulu. Igcwele i-hydrophilicity, ukunamathela, izakhiwo zokwakha ifilimu, ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinye izici eziningi ezihlukile, isibe ngelinye lamakhemikhali amahle acwaningwe kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi phakathi kwama-polymer e-N-vinylamide. Ngemva kweminyaka yokuthuthukiswa, i-PVP iguquke yaba yizigaba ezintathu ezinkulu (i-nonionic, i-cationic kanye ne-anionic) kanye nezincazelo ezintathu eziyinhloko (ibanga lezimboni, ibanga lezemithi kanye nebanga lokudla). Umkhiqizo wayo uhlanganisa ama-homopolymer, ama-copolymer kanye nama-polymer axhumene anesisindo sama-molecule esisukela ezinkulungwaneni eziningana kuya ngaphezu kwesigidi. I-PVP isetshenziswe kabanzi kuma-adhesive, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kanye nezempilo, izimonyo, imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali yokuwasha kanye neyansuku zonke kanye neminye imikhakha eminingi, ivela njengezinto ezibalulekile ekukhiqizweni nasekucutshungulweni kwezimboni ezahlukene.

I-PVP iyimpuphu emhlophe noma ephuma emanzini, egeleza ngokukhululeka noma ephuma ngaphandle komhlophe enephunga elincane. Izinzile ngokwemvelo ngaphansi kokushisa okuvamile kanye nengcindezi futhi ikhombisa ukuncibilika okuhle kakhulu - incibilika kakhulu emanzini, ama-hydrocarbon ane-halogenated, ama-alcohols, ama-amine kanye nezinye izincibilikisi, futhi iyahambisana nosawoti we-asidi ongaphili kanye nama-resin ahlukahlukene, ingancibiliki kuphela ezincibilikisini ezimbalwa ezifana ne-acetone, i-ether kanye nama-hydrocarbon e-aliphatic. Ukuhambisana okuhle okunjalo kuyenza ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinhlelo ezahlukene zokwakheka, ibeke isisekelo esiqinile sezinhlelo zayo zokusebenzisa insimu.

1. Insimu Yokunamathela: Ukuhambisana Okuphezulu Okunika Amandla Ukucutshungulwa Kwemikhiqizo Ehlukahlukene

I-PVP inokunamathela okuhle kakhulu ezintweni ezahlukahlukene ezifana nengilazi, insimbi, ipulasitiki, iphepha kanye nendwangu. Uma ihlanganiswe nokunamathela kwayo emanzini, ukuqina kokusabalala, izakhiwo zokujiya kanye nezinye izici, isibe ukukhetha kwekhwalithi ephezulu emkhakheni wokunamathela, ikakhulukazi ngeziqondiso ezimbili zokusetshenziswa: ukusebenza njengengxenye eyinhloko yokunamathela, kanye nokusebenza njengengxenye yokunamathela ukusekela ukukhiqizwa kweminye imikhiqizo.

Ekusetshenzisweni okuyinhloko kwezinamathelisi, i-PVP iyinto eluhlaza efanelekile yezinti zeglue eziqinile. Ngezinzuzo zokunamathela okuqinile kokuqala, ukumbozwa okufanayo, ukuqina okuhle, ukungabi nobuthi kanye nokuhlala isikhathi eside eshalofini, inqoba izinkinga eziningi zeglue ewuketshezi futhi isibe umkhiqizo odumile wasehhovisi nowemfundo emhlabeni jikelele. Iphinde isetshenziswe kabanzi ezinamathelisini zezimboni ezifana nezinamathelisi ezizwela ukucindezeleka kanye nezinamathelisi eziphinde zimanziswe.

Ekucutshungulweni kweminye imikhiqizo, amandla okunamathela nokuhlakaza e-PVP nawo akhanya kakhulu. Njengengxenye ebalulekile yama-ejenti okulinganisa i-fiber yengilazi, ingenza ubuso be-fiber yengilazi bube buthambile, inciphise ukuguguleka okuqinile futhi ithuthukise ukuhlangana kwe-fiber bundles, futhi isetshenziswe ezimbonini eziningi ezinkulu ze-fiber yengilazi yasekhaya. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ekulungiseleleni nasekucutshungulweni kwe-fiber engaphili njenge-carbon fibers kanye ne-alumina fibers ukuthuthukisa ukunamathelana phakathi kwe-fibers kanye ne-resin ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa. Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza iphepha elikhethekile ngezinto ezingaphili kanye nokucubungula i-ceramic enhle, i-PVP ayikwazi nje kuphela ukuhlakaza nokubopha i-fibers ukuthuthukisa amandla ephepha, kodwa futhi isebenza njengesihlakazi kanye nesinamathelisi se-slurries kanye ne-pigment. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingashiswa ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokusikwa kwe-ceramic ngaphandle kokuthinta i-ceramic ngokwayo, futhi ingavimbela nokuqhekeka kwemikhiqizo ye-ceramic ngaphambi kokusikwa. Kuma-glazes kanye noyinki wokuphrinta, ukunamathela kwayo kuma-pigment kanye nodayi kungaqinisekisa ukufana nokuzinza kwesistimu futhi kuthuthukise kakhulu ukunamathelana.

2. Ukunakekelwa Kwezokwelapha Nezempilo: Kuphephile Futhi Kuthembekile, Ukukhetha Okuyinhloko Kwezithako Zemithi

Ithembele ekuncibilikeni kwayo okuhle, ukuncibilika, ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo, ikhono lokuhlanganisa kanye nezinye izakhiwo, i-PVP ihlanganisa u-40% kuya ku-55% wokusetshenziswa okuphelele emkhakheni wezokwelapha nokunakekelwa kwempilo, futhi ifanelwe kahle njengesithako esiyinhloko semithi. Ingasebenza njenge-glue, isithako esihlanganisayo, i-ejenti yokumboza, isinciphisi, isibulali-magciwane esibulala amagciwane kanye nezinye izindima, ivumelana cishe nazo zonke izinhlobo zomthamo wemithi ezifana namathebulethi, ama-granules, imijovo kanye namathebulethi e-buccal.

Emalungiselelweni aqinile njengamaphilisi, ama-granule nama-capsule,I-PVP-K30yi-glue esetshenziswa kakhulu. Isilinganiso esingu-0.5% kuya ku-5% singalungisa amandla okusebenza kwamaphilisi emithi ngokwezidingo. Amaphilisi akhiwe yi-PVP angancibilika futhi aqhekeke ngokushesha endleleni yokugaya ukudla, asheshise ukuncibilika nokumuncwa kwemithi futhi enze umphumela wezokwelapha usebenze ngokushesha. Njenge-coprecipitant, i-PVP-K15 kanye ne-K17 zingahlanganiswa nemithi engancibiliki emanzini, zithuthukise kakhulu izinga lokuncibilika kanye nezinga lokuncibilika kwemithi, zithuthukise ukutholakala kwezinto eziphilayo futhi zifeze umphumela wokunciphisa umthamo kanye nokuthuthukisa umphumela wokwelapha. Emalungiselelweni oketshezi afana nemijovo kanye noketshezi oluphuzwayo, i-PVP ingadlala indima yokuncibilika, ukuhlakazeka kanye nokuqina ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza komuthi. I-Povidone-iodine (PVP-I), eyakhiwe ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PVP ne-iodine, iyi-bactericide eqashelwa emhlabeni wonke esebenza kahle kakhulu, ene-spectrum ebanzi futhi engenabo ubuthi, efakwe kuma-pharmacopoeias amazwe amaningi futhi ingasetshenziswa ngqo emzimbeni womuntu. Kwenziwa ama-suppositories, izixazululo, amafutha okugcoba kanye nezinye izinhlobo zomthamo, futhi kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlanzeni amanxeba, ekuhlanzeni isikhumba nakwezinye izici.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-PVP-I kuye kwanwetshwa embonini yokudla nokupheka kanye nokufuywa kwezinhlanzi: isisombululo se-PVP-I esingu-0.1% singasetshenziswa ekugcinweni kabusha kwesiqandisi kanye nokususa iphunga ukuze sihlale sihlanzekile isikhathi eside; ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi, singabulala amagciwane, isikhunta kanye namagciwane ezinhlanzi, izimfanzi, izinkalankala, imfuyo kanye nezinkukhu, okuyindlela esezingeni eliphezulu yokubulala amagciwane ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi kanye nokuvimbela nokulawula izifo ngamathuba amakhulu emakethe.

3. Izimonyo Namakhemikhali Ansuku Zonke: Okuthambile Futhi Okunobungane Nesikhumba, Okudala Ulwazi Lokunakekelwa Olusezingeni Eliphezulu

Njengoba ingenakho ukucasuka kwesikhumba futhi ingenakho ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba, kuhlanganiswe nomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wobuso, izakhiwo zokwakha ifilimu kanye nezakhiwo zokuthambisa, i-PVP isetshenziswe ngokugcwele ezimonyweni, emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba, emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa kwezinwele kanye nemikhiqizo yokuwasha, ivela “njengezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyigugu” emkhakheni wamakhemikhali wansuku zonke.

Emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa kwezinwele, i-PVP ingazinzisa igwebu, ishiye izinwele zibushelelezi, zicwebezela futhi kulula ukuzikama ngemva kokuzigeza. Uma ifakwa kuma-spray ezinwele nama-mousse, inikeza isitayela esihlala isikhathi eside futhi ingavala amanzi futhi ifake umswakama ezinweleni ukuze kugwenywe ukoma. Amandla ayo okumunca amanzi angalungiswa ngokuya ngezidingo zekhwalithi yezinwele, ivumelane nezinhlobo zezinwele ezomile, ezingathathi hlangothi nezinamafutha. Isakhiwo sayo sama-molecule sifana neseprotheyini yezinwele, esinganezela ukondleka kwezinwele. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kunganciphisa ukuphela okuhlukanisiwe futhi kwenze izinwele zibe mnyama futhi zicwebezele. Emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba, i-PVP iyinto eluhlaza esezingeni eliphezulu yezivikelo zelanga, okhilimu bobuso neminye imikhiqizo. Ayikwazi ukudlala indima yokuthambisa kuphela, kodwa futhi ihlukanise isikhumba elangeni ngokwenza ifilimu evikelayo ukuvikela isikhumba. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njengesiqinisi sombala kanye nesithako sephunga ukuthuthukisa umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwezimonyo.

Emikhiqizweni yokuwasha, i-PVP kanye nama-copolymer ayo nawo asebenza kahle kakhulu: i-cross-linked polymer PVPP, efakwe ku-toothpaste, inemiphumela yokuhlanza, yokulwa nokungcola, yokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye neyokudambisa ubuhlungu; ama-copolymer e-acrylic, asetshenziswa koketshezi lokugeza, insipho yemithi kanye nensipho yendlu yangasese, awakwazi nje ukususa ukungcola nokuzinzisa uhlelo, kodwa futhi angathola imiphumela yokubulala amagciwane kanye nokubulala amagciwane. Kuma-detergent okuwasha, imvelo ye-PVP yokulwa ne-amphipathic ingasusa ngempumelelo amabala kawoyela kanye namabala okujuluka, futhi ivimbele nokuguqulwa kwenhlabathi, njengoba ifaneleka kakhulu ekuhlanzeni izindwangu ezifana nezindwangu zamatafula emahhotela nasezindaweni zokudlela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inganciphisa ukudaya okumhlophe ngemuva kanye nokopha kombala kwezindwangu ngesikhathi sokuwasha, ithuthukise umphumela wokuwasha.

4. Insimu Yokuhlanza: Ukusebenza Okuhle Kakhulu Ukuxazulula Amaphuzu Obuhlungu Bokuwasha Kwendabuko

I-PVP iyinto eluhlaza ebalulekile eguquliwe embonini yezinsipho zokwenziwa, ixazulula ngokunembile izinkinga eziningi zemikhiqizo yokuwasha yendabuko. Izinkinga zokuthi insipho ayimelani namanzi aqinile kanye ne-sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate inokumelana okuhle kokushintshwa kwenhlabathi ziye zahlupha imboni yokuwasha isikhathi eside. I-PVP enesisindo sama-molecule esingu-15,000 kuya ku-40,000 inekhono elihle kakhulu lokulwa nokushintshwa kwenhlabathi, futhi ukusebenza kwayo endaweni enamanzi aqinile kuphakeme kakhulu kunokwe-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) yendabuko, engavimbela ngempumelelo ukungcola ukuthi kunamathele ebusweni bendwangu futhi igcine izingubo zihlanzekile.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ithembele ekusebenzeni kwayo okuhle kakhulu kokuvikela i-colloid kanye nokuhambisana kwayo nodayi, i-PVP isibe yingxenye eyinhloko yezinsipho embonini yokunyathelisa nokudaya. Ukwengeza i-PVP engaphansi kuka-3% kufomula yezinsipho kunganciphisa kakhulu ukudaya okumhlophe ngemuva kanye nokopha kombala kwezindwangu ezahlukahlukene zefayibha njengezindwangu ezihlanganisiwe zekotini ne-polyester, uboya kanye ne-polyester ngesikhathi sokuwasha. Uma ihlanganiswe nama-surfactant, ama-bleaching agents kanye nezinye izinto ezisizayo, ingenziwa ibe izinsipho ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ama-anti-white background staining agents, ama-leveling agents, njll., ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zobungcweti zemboni yokunyathelisa nokudaya. Njengamanje, ama-anti-color bleeding agents afanaDB56AfuthiI-DB66KAma-copolymer e-PVP njengesakhi esiyinhloko asetshenzisiwe.

Njengekhemikhali enhle enemisebenzi eminingi ehambisana nezimo eziningi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-PVP emikhakheni ehlukahlukene kusaqhubeka nokukhula nokujula ngokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu nokuyingqayizivele okuphelele.

Inkampani yethu ibilokhu ihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ye-PVP ehlukahlukene efanaI-PVP-K30futhiI-PVP-K90isikhathi eside. Silawula ngokuqinile ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, sinikeza amanani afanele, futhi singanikeza izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokwezidingo zamakhasimende ukuze sinike amandla ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza kwezimboni ezahlukahlukene. Uma unezidingo zokubambisana, sicela ukhululekeXhumana nathinganoma yisiphi isikhathi!