I-Polyvinylpyrrolidone, efinyezwa njenge-PVP kwaye eyaziwa ngokuba yi-povidone, yi-polymer compound esebenza kakhulu. Ifakwe i-hydrophilicity, ukunamathela, iipropati zokwenza ifilimu, ukuhambelana kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nezinye iimpawu ezininzi ezikhethekileyo, iye yaba yenye yeekhemikhali ezintle eziphandwe kakhulu nezisetyenziswa kakhulu phakathi kwee-polymers ze-N-vinylamide. Emva kweminyaka yophuhliso, i-PVP iye yavela kwiindidi ezintathu eziphambili (i-nononic, i-cationic kunye ne-anionic) kunye neenkcazo ezintathu eziphambili (i-industrial grade, i-pharmaceutical grade kunye ne-food grade). Uluhlu lwayo lwemveliso lugubungela ii-homopolymers, ii-copolymers kunye nee-cross-linked polymers ezinobunzima beemolekyuli ukusuka kumawaka aliqela ukuya ngaphezulu kwesigidi esinye. I-PVP isetyenzisiwe kakhulu kwii-adhesives, unyango kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo, izinto zokuthambisa, ukuhlamba kunye neemveliso zeekhemikhali zemihla ngemihla kunye neminye imimandla emininzi, iphuma njengezinto ezibalulekileyo ezibalulekileyo kwimveliso kunye nokucutshungulwa kwamashishini ahlukeneyo.

I-PVP yipowder emhlophe okanye ephuma ngaphandle komhlophe ethanda amanzi, ephuma ngokukhululekileyo enevumba elincinci. Izinzile ngokwendalo phantsi kobushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo kwaye ibonakalisa ukunyibilika okuhle kakhulu - inyibilika kakhulu emanzini, ii-halogenated hydrocarbons, ii-alcohols, ii-amines kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi, kwaye iyahambelana netyuwa ezininzi ze-inorganic acid kunye nee-resin ezahlukeneyo, ayinyibiliki kuphela kwizinyibilikisi ezimbalwa ezifana ne-acetone, i-ether kunye ne-aliphatic hydrocarbons. Ukuhambelana okuhle okunjalo kuyenza ikwazi ukuziqhelanisa neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa, ibeka isiseko esiqinileyo sezicelo zayo ezinqamlezileyo.

1. Intsimi yokuncamathelisa: Ukuhambelana okuphezulu okunika amandla ukucutshungulwa kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo

I-PVP inamathela kakuhle kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neglasi, isinyithi, iplastiki, iphepha kunye nelaphu. Idityaniswe nokuthamba kwayo emanzini, ukuzinza kokusasazeka, iimpawu zokutyeba kunye nezinye iimpawu, iye yaba lukhetho olukumgangatho ophezulu kwicandelo lokuncamathisela, ikakhulu inemiyalelo emibini yokusetyenziswa: isebenza njengenxalenye ephambili yokuncamathisela, kwaye isebenza njengenxalenye yokuncamathisela ukuxhasa ukuveliswa kwezinye iimveliso.

Kwindlela eyintloko yokusebenzisa izincamathelisi, i-PVP sisixhobo esifanelekileyo sokwenza izinti zeglue eziqinileyo. Ngenxa yeenzuzo zokunamathela okuqinileyo kokuqala, ukugquma okufanayo, ukuqina okuhle, ukungabi natyhefu kunye nokuhlala ixesha elide eshelufini, iyoyisa iingxaki ezininzi zeglue engamanzi kwaye iye yaba yimveliso edumileyo yeofisi neyemfundo kwihlabathi liphela. Ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiglue zoshishino ezifana nezincamathelisi ezibuthathaka kuxinzelelo kunye nezincamathelisi eziphinda zimanziswe.

Ekucutshungulweni kwezinye iimveliso, amandla okuncamathelisa kunye nokusasaza kwePVP nawo ayakhanya kakhulu. Njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yee-agents zokulinganisa ifayibha yeglasi, ingenza umphezulu wefayibha yeglasi ube bushelelezi, inciphise ukuguguleka kokuxinana kwaye iphucule ukuhlangana kweefayibha, kwaye isetyenziswe kwiifektri ezininzi ezinkulu zefayibha yeglasi yasekhaya. Ingasetyenziswa nasekulungiseleleni nasekucutshungulweni kweefayibha ezingaphiliyo ezifana neefayibha zekhabhoni kunye neefayibha ze-alumina ukuphucula ukunamathelana phakathi kweefayibha kunye neeresini ngexesha lokudibanisa. Kwicandelo lokuvelisa iphepha elikhethekileyo elinezinto ezingaphiliyo kunye nokucubungula i-ceramic entle, iPVP ayinakusasaza kuphela kwaye ibophe iifayibha ukuphucula amandla ephepha, kodwa ikwasebenza njengesisasazi kunye nesinamathelisi se-slurries kunye neepigment. Ngaphezu koko, inokutshiswa ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lokusila i-ceramic ngaphandle kwempembelelo kwi-ceramic ngokwayo, kwaye inokuthintela ukuqhekeka kweemveliso ze-ceramic ngaphambi kokusila. Kwii-glazes kunye nee-inki zokuprinta, ukunamathela kwayo kwiipigment kunye needayi kunokuqinisekisa ukufana kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo kwaye kuphucule kakhulu ukunamathelana.

2. Ukhathalelo lwezonyango nezempilo: Olukhuselekileyo noluthembekileyo, lukhetho oluphambili lwezinto ezincedisayo kwiyeza

Ixhomekeke ekunyibilikeni kwayo okuhle, ukunyibilika kwayo, ukuhambelana kwayo nezinto eziphilayo, amandla ayo okudibanisa kunye nezinye iimpawu zayo, i-PVP ithatha i-40% ukuya kwi-55% yokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokupheleleyo kwicandelo lezonyango nezempilo, kwaye ifanelekile njengesixhobo esiphambili sokongeza amayeza. Ingasebenza njenge-glue, i-excipient, i-coating agent, i-solubilizer, i-bactericidal disinfectant kunye nezinye iindima, ihlengahlengisa phantse zonke iintlobo zedosi yamayeza ezifana neepilisi, iigranules, i-injections kunye neepilisi ze-buccal.

Kwizinto eziqinileyo ezifana neepilisi, iigranules kunye neekhaphu,I-PVP-K30yeyona nto inamathelayo isetyenziswa kakhulu. Idosi ye-0.5% ukuya kwi-5% inokulungisa amandla oomatshini eepilisi zamayeza ngokweemfuno. Iipilisi ezenziwe yi-PVP zinokunyibilika kwaye ziqhekeke ngokukhawuleza kwindlela yokugaya ukutya, zikhawulezise ukunyibilika kunye nokufunxwa kwamayeza kwaye zenze isiphumo sonyango sisebenze ngokukhawuleza. Njenge-coprecipitant, i-PVP-K15 kunye ne-K17 zinokudityaniswa namayeza anganyibiliki emanzini, ziphucula kakhulu izinga lokunyibilika kunye nesantya sokunyibilika kwamayeza, ziphucule ukufumaneka kwezinto eziphilayo kwaye zifezekise isiphumo sokunciphisa idosi kunye nokuphucula isiphumo sokunyanga. Kumalungiselelo olwelo afana neenaliti kunye nolwelo oluthethwayo, i-PVP inokudlala indima yokunyibilika, ukusasazwa kunye nokuqina ukuze kuphuculwe uzinzo lokulungiselela. I-Povidone-iodine (PVP-I), eyenziwe kukuhlanganiswa kwe-PVP kunye ne-iodine, yi-bactericide eyaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela esebenza kakuhle, ebanzi kwaye engenabungozi, equkwe kwi-pharmacopoeias yamazwe amaninzi kwaye ingasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo emzimbeni womntu. Yenziwe ngeesuppositories, izisombululo, amafutha okugcoba kunye nezinye iindlela zokulinganisa, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu ekubulaleni iintsholongwane emanxebeni, ekubulaleni iintsholongwane eluswini nakwezinye izinto.

Ukongeza, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-PVP-I kukwandiswe nakwishishini lokutya nokupheka kunye nezolimo zasemanzini: isisombululo se-PVP-I se-0.1% singasetyenziselwa ukugcina ifriji icocekile kwaye sisuse ivumba ukuze sihlale sicocekile ixesha elide; kwizolimo zasemanzini, sinokubulala iintsholongwane, iifungi kunye neentsholongwane zeentlanzi, ii-shrimp, ii-crabs, imfuyo kunye neenkukhu, kuba lukhetho oluphezulu lokubulala iintsholongwane kwizolimo zasemanzini kunye nokuthintela nokulawula izifo kunye namathuba emarike ebanzi.

3. Izithambiso kunye neeKhemikhali zemihla ngemihla: Zithambile kwaye zilungele ulusu, zidala amava okhathalelo olukumgangatho ophezulu

I-PVP ayibangeli ukurhawuzelelwa lusu kwaye ayinazo iziphumo ze-allergy, idibene nomsebenzi ogqwesileyo womphezulu, iipropati zokwenza ifilimu kunye neepropati zokufumisa, isetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwizithambiso, kwiimveliso zokhathalelo lolusu, kwiimveliso zokhathalelo lweenwele nakwiimveliso zokuhlamba, iphuma njenge "zinto ezixabisekileyo" kwicandelo leekhemikhali zemihla ngemihla.

Kwiimveliso zokhathalelo lweenwele, i-PVP ingazinzisa igwebu, ishiye iinwele zithambile, zikhazimla kwaye kulula ukuzikama emva kokuhlamba. Xa ifakwa kwiispreyi zeenwele kunye neemousse, inika isitayile esihlala ixesha elide kwaye inokuyivala amanzi kwaye ifumise iinwele ukuze kuthintelwe ukoma. Amandla ayo okufunxa amanzi anokulungiswa ngokweemfuno zomgangatho weenwele, ivumelane neentlobo zeenwele ezomileyo, ezingathathi cala nezinamafutha. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lweemolekyuli lufana nolweprotheyini yeenwele, enokongeza kwisondlo seenwele. Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kunokunciphisa iziphelo eziqhekekileyo kwaye kwenze iinwele zibe mnyama kwaye zikhazimle. Kwiimveliso zokhathalelo lolusu, i-PVP sisixhobo esiluhlaza esikumgangatho ophezulu se-sunscreens, iikhrimu zobuso kunye nezinye iimveliso. Ayinakudlala indima yokufumisa kuphela, kodwa ikwahlukanisa ulusu elangeni ngokwenza ifilimu ekhuselayo ukukhusela ulusu. Ingasetyenziswa njengesizinzisi sepigment kunye nesithambisi sevumba ukuphucula impembelelo yokusetyenziswa kwezithambiso.

Kwiimveliso zokuhlamba, i-PVP kunye nee-copolymers zayo nazo zisebenza ngokugqwesileyo: i-PVPP ye-polymer edityanisiweyo, eyongezwa kwi-toothpaste, ineziphumo zokucoca, zokulwa nokungcola, zokulwa nokudumba kunye ne-analgesic; ii-copolymers ze-acrylic, ezisetyenziswa kwi-bath liquids, isepha ezisetyenziswa ngamayeza kunye nesepha zangasese, azikwazi ukususa ukungcola kuphela kwaye zizinzise inkqubo, kodwa zikwafumana neziphumo zokubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane. Kwiisepha zokuhlamba impahla, i-PVP inamandla okulwa ne-amphipathic inokususa ngokufanelekileyo amabala eoyile kunye namabala okubila, kwaye ithintele ukuphinda kufakwe umhlaba, kuba ifanelekile ngakumbi ekucoceni amalaphu afana namalaphu etafile kwiihotele nakwiindawo zokutyela. Kwangaxeshanye, inokunciphisa ukudaya okumhlophe okungasemva kunye nokuphuma kombala kwilaphu ngexesha lokuhlamba, iphucula isiphumo sokuhlamba.

4. Intsimi yokucoca: Ukusebenza Okugqwesileyo Ukusombulula Amanqaku Entlungu Yokuhlamba Kwemveli

I-PVP sisixhobo esibalulekileyo esilungisiweyo kwishishini lesepha yokwenziwa, esisombulula ngokuchanekileyo iindawo ezininzi ezibuhlungu kwiimveliso zokuhlamba zemveli. Iingxaki zokuba isepha ayixhathisi kumanzi aqinileyo kunye ne-sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate ayinayo ukumelana nokuguguleka komhlaba okungalunganga ziye zaphazamisa ishishini lokuhlamba ixesha elide. I-PVP enobunzima beemolekyuli eziyi-15,000 ukuya kwi-40,000 inamandla amahle okulwa nokuguguleka komhlaba, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kwindawo enamanzi aqinileyo kuphezulu kakhulu kunokwe-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) yendabuko, enokuthintela ngempumelelo ukungcola ekunamatheleni kumphezulu welaphu kwaye igcine impahla icocekile.

Kwangaxeshanye, ixhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwayo okuhle kakhulu kokukhusela i-colloid kunye nokuhambelana kwayo nedayi, i-PVP ibe yinxalenye ephambili yeesepha kwishishini lokuprinta nokudaya. Ukongeza i-PVP engaphantsi kwe-3% kwifomyula yesepha kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukudaywa kwemvelaphi emhlophe kunye nokopha kombala kwilaphu ezahlukeneyo zefayibha ezifana namalaphu axutywe yikotoni-polyester, uboya kunye ne-polyester ngexesha lokuhlamba. Idityaniswe nee-surfactants, ii-agents zokumhlophe kunye nezinye izinto ezincedisayo, ingenziwa ibe ziisepha ezisebenzayo kakhulu, ii-agents zokumhlophe kudaya, ii-agents zokulenza, njl.njl., ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zobungcali zeshishini lokuprinta nokudaya. Okwangoku, ii-agents zokuchasa ukopha kombala ezifanaDB56AkwayeDB66Kkunye nee-PVP copolymers njengenxalenye ephambili ziye zasetyenziswa.

Njengekhemikhali entle esebenza ngeendlela ezininzi ehambelana neemeko ezahlukeneyo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-PVP kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kusaqhubeka nokukhula nokunzulu ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo nokungaqhelekanga.

Inkampani yethu ibisoloko ibonelela ngoluhlu olupheleleyo lweemveliso zePVP ezifanaI-PVP-K30kwayeI-PVP-K90ixesha elide. Silawula ngokungqongqo umgangatho wemveliso, sinikezela ngamaxabiso afanelekileyo, kwaye sinokubonelela ngezisombululo ezenzelwe wena ngokweemfuno zabathengi ukuze kuphuculwe imveliso yamashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imfuno yentsebenziswano, nceda uzive ukhululekileQhagamshelana nathinangaliphi ixesha!