Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezithasiselo zivame ukungezwa ngesikhathi sokucubungula amapulasitiki ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene zokucubungula kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwakha, futhi ukukhethwa kwezithasiselo kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezindlela zokuguqula ipulasitiki.

I. Incazelo yeizithasiselo zepulasitiki

Izithasiselo zepulasitiki, ezaziwa nangokuthi izithasiselo zepulasitiki, ziyizinhlanganisela okumele zengezwe kuma-polymer (ama-synthetic resins) ngesikhathi sokubumba nokucubungula ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwazo kokucubungula noma ukukhokhela ukuntuleka kwezakhiwo ze-resin uqobo.

1. Ama-plasticizer angangezwa ukuze kwehliswe izinga lokushisa lokubumba le-polyvinyl chloride resin futhi kwenze umkhiqizo uthambe;

2. Izinto zokwenza amagwebu zingangezwa ukuze kulungiselelwe amapulasitiki alula, angadlidlizi, avikela ukushisa, kanye navikela umsindo;

3. Amanye amapulasitiki anezinga lokushisa lokubola kokushisa elisondele kakhulu ekubumbeni nasekucubunguleni kwawo, futhi awanakubunjwa ngaphandle kokwengezwa kweziqinisi zokushisa.

Ngakho-ke, izithasiselo zepulasitiki zithatha indawo ebaluleke kakhulu ekubunjweni nasekucutshungulweni kwepulasitiki.

II Izidingo Eziyisisekelo kanye Nezinyathelo Zokuqapha Zokusebenzisa Ukukhetha Izithasiselo

1. Izithasiselo kufanele zivumelane kahle nepulasitiki ukuze zihlale zizinzile futhi zifana emkhiqizweni isikhathi eside futhi zisebenze kahle. Uma ukuhambisana kukubi, izithasiselo zivame ukuba nemvula.

2. Izithasiselo kufanele ziqine. Khetha izithasiselo ezingasuki kalula epulasitikini.

3. Izithasiselo kufanele zivumelane nezimo zokucubungula. Akufanele zibole kalula noma ziguge emazingeni okushisa okucubungula.

4. Izithasiselo akumelwe zibe yingozi noma zibe yingozi kumkhiqizo futhi kumele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka.

IIIIzindlela Zokukhetha Izithasiselo Zepulasitiki

1. Khetha izithasiselo ngokwenhloso yazo

Thuthukisa ukusebenza kokucubungula: Izinto zokugcoba, izinto zokukhulula, izinto zokuqinisa, izinto zokucubungula, izinto zokwenza izinto zibe lula, izinto zokwenza izinto zibe lula, izinto zokuqinisa ipulasitiki, izinto zokuqinisa i-PVC.

Thuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini: ama-plasticizer, ama-filler okuqinisa, ama-ejenti okuqinisa, kanye nama-impact modifiers.

Ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zokukhanya: Ama-pigment, amadayi, ama-nucleating agents, kanye nama-fluorescent whitening agents.

Ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kokuguga: ama-antioxidant, Iziqinisi ze-PVC, izifutho ze-UV, izibulali-magciwane, kanye nezithibi zomkhuhlane.

Thuthukisa izakhiwo zomphezulu: izinto ezilwa nokungaguquguquki, izinto zokugcoba, izinto ezilwa nokuklwebheka, izinto ezilwa nokuvinjelwa, izinto ezilwa nokugqwala.

Ukwehliswa kwezindleko: izinciphisi, izigcwalisi.

Thuthukisa ezinye izakhiwo: i-ejenti yokugqwala, usizo lokusha, i-ejenti yokuxhumanisa ngamakhemikhali, i-ejenti yokuxhumanisa, njll.

2. Izithasiselo zikhetha i-resin.

Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi elibomvu le-phosphorus ziyasebenza ku-PA, PBT, kanye ne-PET; izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezisekelwe ku-nitrogen ziyasebenza kupulasitiki aqukethe umoya-mpilo, njenge-PA, PBT, kanye ne-PET; ukuguqulwa kwefayibha yengilazi engashisi ukushisa kuyasebenza kupulasitiki ekristalu kodwa kungalungile kupulasitiki e-amorphous; izinto ezigcwalisa i-carbon black ziyasebenza kuma-resin ekristalu; izinto ezibangela i-nucleating zisebenza ku-copolymer polypropylene.

3. Ukuhambisana phakathi kwezithasiselo kanye ne-resin

Izithasiselo nama-resin kumele avumelane kahle ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ahlakazekile ngokwesakhiwo esihlosiwe, ngaleyo ndlela aqinisekise ukufezwa kwemininingwane yomklamo futhi aqinisekise ukuthi imiphumela yawo iyaqhubeka impilo yawo yonke, ngokumelana nokukhishwa, ukufuduka, kanye nemvula.

Ngaphandle kwezithasiselo ezimbalwa ezifana nama-surfactants, ukuhambisana kahle ne-resin kuyisihluthulelo sokwandisa ukusebenza kwazo nokwandisa umthamo wazo.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola izindlela zokuthuthukisa noma zokuthuthukisa ukuhambisana kwayo, njengokusebenzisa ama-compatibilizer noma ama-coupling agents ekwelapheni ukusebenza kwendawo.

4. Ukukhethwa kwesimo sesithasiselo

Izithasiselo ezine-fiber zinomphumela omuhle wokuqinisa. Izinga le-fiberization ye-additive lingabonakaliswa yi-aspect ratio. Uma i-aspect ratio inkulu, kulapho umphumela wokuqinisa uba ngcono khona. Yingakho sifaka i-glass fiber ngemigodi yokuvula umoya.

Isimo sokuncibilika sikhuthaza kakhulu ukugcina isilinganiso se-aspect kanye nokunciphisa amathuba okuphuka kwefayibha kunempuphu. Izithasiselo eziyisiyingi zinomphumela ongcono wokuqinisa kanye nokucwebezela okuphezulu.

I-Barium sulfate iyisengezo esivamile esiyindilinga, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa njengesigcwalisi se-PP ekhazimulayo kakhulu, futhi ingasetshenziswa nasekuqineni okuncane nasekuqiniseni.

5. Inani lezithasiselo ezengeziwe

Inani elifanele lezithasiselo alikwazi nje ukuthuthukisa i-resin eqondiwe ibe ukusebenza okufanele, kodwa futhi ligcina izindleko ziphansi ngokusekelwe ezimisweni zomnotho.

Izithasiselo ezahlukene zidinga izidingo ezahlukene zomthamo:

1)Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi, ama-ejenti okuqinisa, izimpushana zamagnetic, ama-ejenti okuvimbela, njll., yize uma engezwa kakhulu, kungcono ngokombono wokusebenza, kodwa izindleko nazo kumele zinqunywe;

2) Izithasiselo eziqhubayo, ngokuvamile zidinga kuphela ukwakha indlela yesekethe;

3) I-ejenti elwa nokungaguquguquki, yakha ungqimba oluqeda ukushaja phezu kobuso;

4) I-ejenti yokuxhuma, engasetshenziswa ukwakha ungqimba olungaphezulu.