1.Ama-anti-hydrolysis agentsihlose ngokuyinhloko ukuvimba inqubo ye-hydrolysis yama-polymer e-polyester.

Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzisa ama-polymer aqukethe ama-ester bond, njenge-PBT, i-PET, i-PLA, kanye ne-polyurethanes (i-TPU, i-CPU), ama-molecule amanzi ahlasela kalula ama-ester noma ama-urethane bond ku-molecule chain ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama. Lokhu kuholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-chain kanye ne-hydrolysis, ukwehla kwesisindo sama-molecule e-polymer, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuphuka, ukuqhekeka, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukusebenza. Ama-anti-hydrolysis agents asetshenziswa ukulwa nale nqubo ye-hydrolysis. Ama-anti-hydrolysis agents ahlukaniswe kakhulu ngezigaba ezimbili: asebenzayo kanye nangokwenyama. Ama-anti-hydrolysis agents asebenzayo asusa izindawo zokuqala noma imikhiqizo ye-hydrolysis ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, okumelela indlela evamile nesebenza kahle kakhulu. Ama-anti-hydrolysis agents angokwenyama, ngakolunye uhlangothi, avimba noma amunce umswakama ngesenzo somzimba.

Izithibi ze-hydrolysis zomzimba azihlanganyeli ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali kodwa zivimbela ukungena komswakama ngezindlela zomzimba. Izinhlobo ezimele zifaka phakathi ama-zeolite, i-calcium oxide (CaO), umhlaba we-diatomaceous, ama-silane, nama-waxes. Ama-Zeolite kanye ne-calcium oxide, ngesakhiwo sawo esinezimbobo noma ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, amunca futhi avalele umswakama omuncwa yi-polymer ngesikhathi sokucubungula nokusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi evikela izinto ekuwohlokeni ngenxa yamanani amancane omswakama ngaphambi kokucubungula (njengokubumba komjovo kanye nokukhipha), empeleni esebenza njengezakhiwo "ze-desiccant". Ama-silane nama-waxes, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayathuthela ebusweni bomkhiqizo, akha isithiyo esingapholi amanzi, noma andise indlela yokungena komswakama ngokusebenzisa izigcwalisi ezingqimba (njengobumba), ikakhulukazi evikela ubuso bezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ama-reactive hydrolysis inhibitors angasabela namaqembu e-carboxyl (-COOH) ekugcineni kwamaketanga e-polymer noma namaqembu e-carboxyl akhiqizwa ngesikhathi se-hydrolysis, aphazamise inqubo ye-autocatalytic ye-hydrolysis futhi ngaleyo ndlela afinyelele umphumela oyisisekelo wokuzinza. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi ama-carbodiimide, i-oxazoline, i-epoxy, kanye nama-aziridine hydrolysis inhibitors.

2. I-Carbodiimide iyisivimbeli se-hydrolysis esisebenzayo nesiwusizo kakhulu futhi esisetshenziswa kabanzi.

Ama-Carbodiimide okwamanje ayisigaba esisetshenziswa kakhulu nesisebenza kahle sama-anti-hydrolysis agents. Asabela namaqembu e-carboxyl akhiqizwa yi-polymer hydrolysis ukuze akhe i-N-acylurea ezinzile, ngaleyo ndlela asuse i-catalyst yokusabela kwe-hydrolysis futhi aphazamise umjikelezo we-autocatalytic. Ama-Oxazoline derivatives, elinye iqembu elibalulekile lama-reactive anti-hydrolysis agents, anendandatho ye-oxazoline njengeqembu lawo elisebenzayo. Indandatho ye-oxazoline ingasabela namaqembu e-carboxyl kanye ne-hydroxyl ukuze yakhe ama-ester amide noma ama-diester, ngaleyo ndlela iqinise iziphetho ze-polymer. Ama-polymer asebenza nge-epoxy asebenzisa i-reactivity ephezulu yamaqembu e-epoxy ukuze ahlinzeke ngokuzinza. Amaqembu e-epoxy angasabela namaqembu e-carboxyl, i-hydroxyl, ngisho nama-amino, ngaleyo ndlela avale la maqembu asebenzayo.

Ithebula: Ukuqhathaniswa Kwama-Common Reactive Hydrolysis Resistant

Izinhlobo zama-anti-hydrolysis agents	i-carbodiimide	Ama-polymer eqembu elisebenzayo le-Epoxy	Ama-Oxazolinides
Indlela Eyinhloko	Isabela namaqembu e-carboxyl akhiqizwa yi-hydrolysis ukuze ikhiqize i-N-acylurea ezinzile, ngaleyo ndlela iphazamise umjikelezo we-autocatalytic.	Iqembu layo le-epoxy lingasabela namaqembu ahlukahlukene njenge-carboxyl, i-hydroxyl, namaqembu ama-amino.	Indandatho yayo ye-oxazoline ingasabela namaqembu e-carboxyl kanye ne-hydroxyl.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko	●Ukumelana okuphezulu kakhulu ne-hydrolysis, okunomphumela obaluleke kakhulu.	●Ukusebenza okuningi: Kuhlanganisa imisebenzi yokwandiswa kweketanga nokulungisa ama-molecule awonakele.	● Ukusabela okusebenzayo okubili, okunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezahlukene
	Inani lokwengeza lincane (0.5%-2.0%), futhi alinawo umthelela omkhulu ezimpahleni zangaphakathi zezinto.	● Kungathuthukisa amandla okuncibilika kanye nokuthamba	● Ingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuhambisana ezinhlelweni ezithile.
	● Ukuphepha okuhle kakhulu	● Ukuhambisana okuhle nama-polymer
Izinkinga ezinkulu	● Izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu	●Njengomuthi owodwa wokulwa ne-hydrolysis, ukusebenza kwayo akucaci njengokwe-carbodiimide.	● Izindleko ngokuvamile zibiza kakhulu
	● Ngokuyinhloko ihlasela amaqembu e-carboxyl; ayisabelani ngokuqondile namaqembu e-hydroxyl.	● Ukwengeza ngokweqile kungaholela ekuxhumeni noma ekuhlanganiseni.	● Ayinazo izinzuzo zokusebenza kahle ezinhlelweni ezijwayelekile
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile	● I-Polyester: i-PBT, i-PET, i-PLA, i-PBAT	● Ukuvuselela kabusha ipulasitiki: Ukulungisa i-rPET, njll.	● I-Polyester (i-PET, i-PBT)
	● I-Polyurethane: I-TPU, i-CPU (izithende zezicathulo, amapayipi, njll.)	● I-Polyamide (Inayiloni)	● I-Polyamide
		● Izinhlelo ze-polyester ezidinga ukuqina ngasikhathi sinye	● Ingxubevange ye-polymer (njenge-compatibilizer)

 

3. I-Carbodiimide ivimba inqubo ye-hydrolysis ngokusabela nama-carboxylic acids ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo ze-acylurea.

Ama-polymer e-polyester abonisa ukuzinza komswakama okungekuhle. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama, izibopho ze-ester ku-polymer zisabela namanzi, okubangela ukuthi isakhiwo se-long-chain se-macromolecule siphule futhi sikhiqize amaqembu e-terminal carboxyl. La maqembu e-terminal carboxyl angenza ama-ion e-H+ abe yi-ion, aqhubeke nokukhuthaza ukusabela kwe-hydrolysis nge-asidi, ekugcineni kuholele ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwezakhiwo zezinto ezahlukahlukene kanye nokuphila kwenkonzo okufushane kakhulu. Ama-compound e-Carbodiimide, aqukethe amaqembu asebenzayo e-carbodiimide (N=C=N), angasabela namaqembu e-carboxyl akhiqizwa ngesikhathi se-polymer hydrolysis ukwakha izakhiwo ze-acylurea ezizinzile, ngasikhathi sinye anciphise ukuhlushwa kweqembu le-carboxyl futhi avimbele i-hydrolysis eyengeziwe. Aphakathi kwama-anti-hydrolysis asetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje.

Ama-antihydrolysis e-Carbodiimide ahlukene futhi angahlukaniswa kabanzi ngezinhlobo ze-monomeric kanye ne-polymeric. Ama-monomeric carbodiimide compounds aqukethe iqembu elilodwa kuphela elisebenzayo le-carbodiimide futhi angama-molecule compounds amancane. Ama-polymeric carbodiimide compounds ngokuvamile aqukethe amaqembu amabili noma ngaphezulu asebenzayo e-carbodiimide, anesisindo sama-molecule esiphezulu, futhi angohlobo lwesakhiwo se-polymer esine-chain ende.

I-monomeric carbodiimideama-antihydrolysis agentsZiwuketshezi oluphuzi olukhanyayo oluya konsundu noma amakristalu ekamelweni lokushisa. Ziyancibilika ezinyibilikisini eziphilayo kodwa azincibiliki emanzini, futhi zinezinzuzo ezifana nokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, ukulungiswa okulula, kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu. I-2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)carbodiimide iyi-agent ye-antihydrolysis ye-monomeric carbodiimide esetshenziswa kakhulu kwezentengiselwano.

 

Ama-carbodiimide e-polymeric ayimpuphu ephuzi kuya ensundu noma uketshezi oluqinile ekushiseni kwegumbi, kanye nesisindo sama-molecule esilinganiselwe ngokuvamile esingaphezu kuka-1000, kuyilapho isisindo sama-molecule esilinganiselwe sama-oligomers silawulwa cishe ngo-2000. Ama-carbodiimide e-polymeric avame ukutholakala ngokusebenzisa ama-monomer e-diisocyanate, ama-catalyst, ama-solvent, kanye nama-end-capping emazingeni okushisa afanele. Okokuqala, ama-monomer e-diisocyanate abhekana nokusabela kokujiya ngaphansi kwe-catalyst ukuze athole i-prepolymer equkethe amaqembu amaningi e-carbodiimide kanye namaqembu okuphela kwe-isocyanate. Ngemuva kwalokho, amaqembu e-isocyanate asabela nge-hydrogen esebenzayo evela ku-end-capping agent ukuze athole ama-polycarbodiimides. Ama-polycarbodiimide ajwayelekile atholakala ngokujiya ama-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-1,5-diisocyanate kanye nokujiya kwama-end nge-2,6-diisopropylphenyl monoisocyanate.

 

4. Izindawo ezivamile zokusetshenziswa kwe-carbodiimide

I-PET, njengezinto ezivame kakhulu ze-polyester, inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, ukuzinza kobukhulu, ukumelana namakhemikhali, kanye nezakhiwo zokukhanya, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezolimo, embonini, ekwakheni, kwezokwelapha, kanye nasemasimini ezimoto. I-PET ikhiqizwa nge-polycondensation ye-PTA kanye ne-ethylene glycol; izibopho ze-ester zisengozini enkulu yokuwohloka kwe-hydrolytic, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwe-polymer viscosity kanye nokuwohloka kokusebenza okukhulu. I-PET hydrolysis ikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yayo engezansi ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu, ezinomswakama, noma zangaphandle. Ucwaningo oluhlobene luthole ukuthi ukufaka ama-monomeric anti-hydrolysis agents ku-PET masterbatch ukulungiselela amasampula efilimu kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokushisa, ukuguga kokushisa okumanzi, kanye nokwelulwa lapho imikhiqizo yefilimu iphuka. I-carbodiimide enuka kamnandi ikhombisa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-hydrolysis.

Ukwenziwa kwe-polyurethane kusebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zama-monomers, kuvumela ukusabela okulawulwayo, futhi kunikeza izinzuzo ezifana namandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokuklwebheka, ukumelana nokushisa okuhle, kanye nokulula kokucutshungulwa. Kusetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-adhesive, ama-coating, ama-elastomers, amapulasitiki ane-foam, kanye nemicu yokwenziwa. I-polyurethane yohlobo lwe-polyester ilungiswa ngama-polyol e-oligomeric polyester, aqukethe izibopho eziningi ze-ester emaketangeni awo ama-molecule, okuholela ekuphikisweni kwe-hydrolysis okungekuhle. Ama-anti-hydrolysis agents e-Carbodiimide anemiphumela emibi emincane ekuhlanganisweni kwe-polyurethane futhi angangezwa ku-polyester polyol ngesikhathi senqubo yokwenziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-carbodiimide e-polymeric alungiselelwe yi-isocyanate condensation aqukethe amaqembu okuphela kwe--N=C=O, okuwenza akwazi ukuhlanganyela ekusabeleni ukuze alungiselele i-polyurethane engamelani ne-hydrolysis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-carbodiimide angangezwa ngesikhathi sokuxuba i-polyurethane. Izifundo ezihlobene zibonise ukuthi ukungezwa kwama-carbodiimides kunganciphisa inani le-asidi yokuqala ye-polyester polyol, kuvimbele i-polyester hydrolysis, futhi kuthuthukise ngempumelelo ukumelana kwe-hydrolysis kwe-TPU.

Ama-polymer abolayo asekelwe ku-polyester njenge-PBAT, PLA, kanye ne-polyglycolic acid (PGA) anokuhambisana okuhle kwe-bio, ukubola, ukuphepha, ukungabi nobuthi, kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zomzimba nezemishini, okubonisa ithemba elikhulu kumadivayisi ezokwelapha, izinto zokupakisha, kanye nezolimo. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinto ezibolayo zonke zihlushwa ukuzinza kwe-hydrolytic kanye nokushisa okungekuhle, okonakala kalula ngesikhathi sokucubungula, ukugcinwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kokusebenza kanye nokwehluleka ukufinyelela isikhathi sazo sokuphila esilindelekile. I-Carbodiimide ingabhekana nokusabela kwe-capping namaqembu e-terminal carboxyl kumaketanga e-molecule e-PBAT, PLA, kanye ne-PGA ukuze kukhiqizwe isakhiwo se-acylurea esizinzile, ngesikhathi esifanayo kuvinjelwe i-hydrolysis futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kokushisa.

I-MDI eguquliwe nge-Carbodiimide (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-MDI encibilikisiwe) ingenye yemikhiqizo eyinhloko eguquliwe ye-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Ikhiqizwa ukusabela kwe-MDI kokujiya ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst ukukhiqiza amaqembu e-carbodiimide. I-MDI eguquliwe nge-Carbodiimide ibonakala ngokuba uketshezi ekushiseni kwegumbi, kulula ukuyigcina, futhi ihlale isikhathi eside eshalofini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana kwe-hydrolysis kwezinto ze-polyurethane.

Uma ufuna ukwazi eminye imikhiqizo ye-anti-hydrolysis agent, zizwe ukhululekileXhumana nathi.