Ubwoko butandukanye bw'inyongeramusaruro bukunze kongerwamo mu gihe cyo gutunganya pulasitiki kugira ngo buhuze n'ibisabwa bitandukanye byo gutunganya no gukoresha ibikoresho, kandi guhitamo inyongeramusaruro ni ingenzi mu gushushanya imiterere ya pulasitiki.

I. Ibisobanuro byainyongeramusaruro za pulasitiki

Inyongeramusaruro za pulasitiki, zizwi kandi nka pulasitiki, ni ibintu bigomba kongerwa muri polymer (resine za sintetike) mu gihe cyo gushushanya no gutunganya kugira ngo binoze imikorere yazo cyangwa ngo bibe bikemura ibibazo biri mu miterere ya resin ubwayo.

1. Amavuta ya pulasitiki ashobora kongerwamo kugira ngo agabanye ubushyuhe bwo gushushanya bwa polyvinyl chloride resin kandi yorohereze ibicuruzwa;

2. Ibintu bitera ifuro bishobora kongerwamo kugira ngo bitegure pulasitiki zoroshye, zirinda guhinda umushyitsi, zirinda ubushyuhe, kandi zirinda amajwi;

3. Amwe mu mapulasitiki afite ubushyuhe bwo kubora kw'ubushyuhe buri hafi cyane y'ubushyuhe bwayo bwo gushushanya no gutunganya, kandi ntashobora kubumba hatabayeho kongeramo ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe.

Bityo rero, inyongeramusaruro za pulasitiki zifite umwanya ukomeye cyane mu gutunganya no gutunganya pulasitiki.

II Ibisabwa by'ibanze n'ingamba zo kwirinda mu guhitamo inyongeramusaruro

1. Inyongeramusaruro zigomba kuba zihuye neza na pulasitiki kugira ngo zibashe kubaho neza kandi neza mu gicuruzwa igihe kirekire kandi zigatanga umusaruro mwiza. Iyo zihuye nabi, inyongeramusaruro zishobora kugwa.

2. Inyongeramusaruro zigomba kuramba. Hitamo inyongeramusaruro zidahita ziva muri pulasitiki.

3. Inyongeramusaruro zigomba kuba zifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza neza n'imiterere y'itunganywa. Ntizigomba kubora cyangwa guhindagurika byoroshye mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya.

4. Inyongeramusaruro ntizigomba kwangiza cyangwa kugira uburozi ku bicuruzwa kandi zigomba kuba zujuje ibisabwa ku isuku.

IIIUburyo bwo guhitamo inyongeramusaruro za pulasitiki

1. Hitamo ibikoresho by'inyongera hakurikijwe icyo bigamije

Kunoza imikorere yo gutunganya: Amavuta yo kwisiga, ibintu birekura, ibintu bitera imbaraga, ibikoresho bifasha mu gutunganya, ibintu bitera imbaraga za thixotropic, ibintu bitera imbaraga za pulasitiki, ibintu bitera imbaraga za PVC.

Kunoza imiterere y'imashini: pulasitiki, ibyuma bikomeza imbaraga, ibintu bikomeza imbaraga, n'ibikoresho bihindura ingaruka.

Kunoza imiterere y'amaso: Amabara, amarangi, ibintu bitera imiterere y'umubiri, n'ibintu bitanga umweru w'urumuri.

Imikorere yo gusaza irushaho kuba myiza: antioxydants, Ibintu bishyigikira PVC, imiti igabanya ubushyuhe bw'imirasire y'urumuri, imiti yica udukoko, n'imiti igabanya ubushyuhe.

Kunoza imiterere y'ubuso: imiti igabanya ubushyuhe, amavuta yo kwisiga, imiti irwanya kwangirika, imiti igabanya ubushyuhe, imiti irwanya gushonga kw'ibihu.

Kugabanya ikiguzi: ibivange, ibirungo byuzuza.

Kunoza indi mitungo: ikintu gitera ifuro, ikintu gifasha gutwika, ikintu gihuza imiti, ikintu gihuza ibintu, nibindi.

2. Inyongeramusaruro ni nziza cyane ku bijyanye n'imvange.

Ibikoresho bigabanya umuriro bya fosifore itukura bigira akamaro kuri PA, PBT, na PET; ibigabanya umuriro bishingiye kuri azote bigira akamaro kuri pulasitiki irimo ogisijeni, nka PA, PBT, na PET; guhindura fibre y'ikirahure birwanya ubushyuhe bigira akamaro kuri pulasitiki zidafite ubushyuhe ariko ntibihagije kuri pulasitiki zidafite ubushyuhe; ibirungo by'umukara wa karuboni bigira akamaro muri resine zidafite ubushyuhe; ibikoresho bitera imbaraga bya nucleating bigira akamaro kuri polipropylene ya copolymer.

3. Guhuza inyongeramusaruro n'ubutare

Inyongeramusaruro n'ibinure bigomba kuba bihuye neza kugira ngo bikwirakwizwe hakurikijwe imiterere yabigenewe, bityo bikaba byemeza ko ibipimo by'igishushanyo mbonera bizagerwaho kandi bigakomeza kugira ingaruka nziza mu buzima bwabyo bwose, birwanya gucukurwa, kwimuka no kugwa kw'amazi.

Uretse ibintu bike byongeramo nk'ibikoreshwa mu gusukura, guhuza neza na resin ni ingenzi mu kongera imikorere yabyo no kongera ingano yabyo.

Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gushaka uburyo bwo kunoza cyangwa kongera uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu, nko gukoresha ibikoresho bihuza ibintu cyangwa ibikoresho bihuza ibintu kugira ngo bivugururwe.

4. Guhitamo imiterere y'inyongera

Inyongeramusaruro zifite fibrous zigira ingaruka nziza zo gushimangira. Urwego rw'inyunganizi rw'inyongeramusaruro rushobora kugaragazwa n'ikigereranyo cy'ubuso. Uko igipimo cy'ubuso kirushaho kuba kinini, niko imbaraga ziyongera. Niyo mpamvu twongeramo fibre y'ikirahure mu myobo y'imyobo.

Imiterere y'ibintu bishongeshejwe ifasha cyane mu kubungabunga ikigereranyo cy'ubuso no kugabanya amahirwe yo kwangirika kwa fibre kurusha ifu. Inyongeramusaruro zigize imiterere y'ibice zigira ingaruka nziza zo gukomera no kuba umweru mwinshi.

Barium sulfate ni inyongeramusaruro isanzwe, bityo ikoreshwa nk'inyunganizi kuri PP ifite urumuri rwinshi, kandi ishobora no gukoreshwa mu gukomera no gukomera guke.

5. Ingano y'inyongera zongeweho

Ingano ikwiye y'inyongeramusaruro ntishobora gusa gutuma resin ikora neza, ahubwo inatuma ibiciro bigabanuka hashingiwe ku mahame y'ubukungu.

Inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye zisaba ibipimo bitandukanye:

1)Ibintu bigabanya umuriro, ibikoresho bikomeza imbaraga, ifu ya rukuruzi, ibikoresho bibuza imbaraga, nibindi, nubwo uko byongerwamo byinshi, niko birushaho kuba byiza ukurikije imikorere, ariko ikiguzi nacyo kigomba kugenwa;

2) Inyongeramusaruro ziyobora amashanyarazi, muri rusange zigomba gukora inzira y'uruziga gusa;

3) Umuti urwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere, ukora gusa urwego rukuraho umuriro hejuru y'ubutaka;

4) Umuti uhuza, ushobora gukoreshwa mu gukora igipfundikizo cyo hejuru.