1.Ibintu birwanya hydrolysishagamijwe cyane cyane guhagarika inzira ya hydrolysis ya polimeri za polyester.

Mu ikoreshwa rya polymer zirimo imigozi ya ester, nka PBT, PET, PLA, na polyurethane (TPU, CPU), molekile z'amazi zihita zitera imigozi ya ester cyangwa urethane mu mugozi wa molekile mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushuhe. Ibi bituma imigozi icika kandi igacika, uburemere bwa molekile ya polymer bugabanuka, bityo bigatuma habaho gucika intege, gucika intege, no gutakaza imikorere. Imigozi irwanya hydrolysis ikoreshwa mu kurwanya iyi nzira ya hydrolysis. Imigozi irwanya hydrolysis igabanyijemo ibice bibiri: irwanya hydrolysis n'iy'umubiri. Imigozi irwanya hydrolysis ikuraho ahantu hatangirwa cyangwa ibicuruzwa bya hydrolysis binyuze mu bikorwa bya shimi, bigaragaza uburyo busanzwe kandi bunoze cyane. Imigozi irwanya hydrolysis, ku rundi ruhande, ibuza cyangwa ikwinjiza ubushuhe binyuze mu bikorwa bya physical.

Ibyuma bigabanya ubushyuhe mu mubiri ntibigira uruhare mu bikorwa bya shimi ahubwo bibuza ubushyuhe kwinjira binyuze mu buryo bw'umubiri. Ubwoko bw'ibintu byihariye birimo zeolite, calcium oxide (CaO), diatomaceous earth, silane, na waxes. Zeolite na calcium oxide, binyuze mu miterere yabyo ifite imyenge cyangwa ibikorwa bya shimi, bifata kandi bigafunga ubushyuhe bwinjizwa na polymer mu gihe cyo gutunganya no gukoresha, cyane cyane birinda ibikoresho kwangirika bitewe n'ubushuhe buto mbere yo gutunganya (nk'imashini zitera no gusohora), mu by'ukuri bikora nk'ibintu "bigabanya ubushyuhe". Silane na waxes, ku rundi ruhande, bijya ku buso bw'umusaruro, bigakora uruzitiro rudatera ubushyuhe, cyangwa bikagura inzira y'ubushuhe yinjira binyuze mu byuma byuzuza (nk'ibumba), cyane cyane bikingira ubuso bw'ibikoresho.

Ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe mu mubiri bishobora gukorana n’amatsinda ya karubokisili (-COOH) ku mpera z’iminyururu ya polymer cyangwa hamwe n’amatsinda ya karubokisili akorwa mu gihe cya hydrolysis, bigahagarika inzira ya autocatalytic ya hydrolysis bityo bikagera ku ngaruka z’ibanze zo gutuza. Ibi ahanini birimo karubosikilidi, oxazoline, epoxy, na aziridine hydrolysis inhibitors.

2. Karubodiimide ni yo irinda hydrolysis inhibitor nziza cyane kandi ikoreshwa cyane.

Karubodiimide ni yo ikoreshwa cyane kandi ifite akamaro mu kurwanya hydrolysis. Ikorana n'amatsinda ya karubokisili akorwa na polymer hydrolysis kugira ngo ikore N-acylurea ihamye, bityo ikuraho catalyst ya hydrolysis reaction kandi igahagarika autocatalytic cycle. Oxazoline derivatives, irindi tsinda ry'ingenzi ry'amatsinda ya reactive anti-hydrolysis, rifite impeta ya oxazoline nk'itsinda ryayo rikora reactive. Oxazoline ring ishobora gukorana n'amatsinda ya karubokisili na hydroxyl kugira ngo ikore ester amide cyangwa diesters, bityo igatuma impera za polymer ziguma neza. Polymeri zikora epoxy zikoresha reactivation nyinshi y'amatsinda ya epoxy kugira ngo zitange reactivation. Epoxy groups zishobora gukorana na karubokisili, hydroxyl, ndetse n'amatsinda ya amine, bityo zigafunga aya matsinda ya reactivation.

Imbonerahamwe: Kugereranya Ubudahangarwa bwa Hydrolysis Isanzwe

Ubwoko bw'ibintu birwanya hydrolysis	karubodiimide	Polima z'itsinda rikora neza rya epoxy	Oxazolinides
Uburyo bw'ibanze	Ikorana n'amatsinda ya karubokisili akorwa na hydrolysis kugira ngo ikore N-acylurea ihamye, bityo igahagarika cycle ya autocatalytic.	Itsinda ryayo rya epoxy rishobora gukorana n'amatsinda atandukanye nka karubokisili, hydroxyli, n'amatsinda ya amine.	Impeta yayo ya oxazoline ishobora gukorana n'amatsinda ya karubokisili na hydroxyli.
Ibyiza by'ingenzi	●Ubudahangarwa bukomeye cyane ku mazi abira, bufite ingaruka zikomeye cyane.	●Imikorere myinshi: Ihuza imirimo yo kwagura urunigi no gusana molekile zangiritse.	● Uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bibiri, bufite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha
	Ingano y’inyongera ni nto (0.5%-2.0%), kandi ingaruka nke ku miterere y’ibikoresho.	●Bishobora kongera imbaraga zo gushonga no gushonga	● Ishobora gukoreshwa nk'uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu muri sisitemu zimwe na zimwe.
	● Umutekano mwiza ugereranije	● Ihuza neza na polimeri
Ingaruka mbi z'ingenzi	● Igiciro kiri hejuru cyane	●Nk'umuti umwe urwanya hydrolysis, imikorere yawo ntabwo ari yihariye nk'iya karubodiimide.	● Ibiciro akenshi ni byo bihenze cyane
	● Ibasira cyane cyane amatsinda ya karubokisili; ntabwo ikora neza n'amatsinda ya hydroxyli.	● Kongeramo cyane bishobora gutuma habaho guhuza cyangwa guhuza.	● Nta nyungu ihagije mu mikoreshereze rusange
Porogaramu zisanzwe	● Polyester: PBT, PET, PLA, PBAT	● Gusubiramo ibikoresho bya pulasitiki: Gusana rPET, n'ibindi.	● Polyester (PET, PBT)
	● Polyurethane: TPU, CPU (inkweto, imiyoboro, nibindi)	● Polyamide (Nylon)	●Polyamide
		● Sisitemu za polyester zisaba gukonjesha icyarimwe	● Aloyi ya polimeri (nk'ikintu gihuza ibintu)

 

3. Karubodiimide ibuza inzira ya hydrolysis ikoresheje aside carboxylic kugira ngo ikore imiterere ya acylurea.

Polymeri za poliyesi zigaragaza ubushuhe buke. Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushuhe bwinshi, imigozi ya ester muri poliyesi ihura n'amazi, bigatuma imiterere y'uruhererekane rurerure rwa macromolecule icikamo ibice bya carboxyl. Aya matsinda ya carboxyl ashobora gukora iyoni H+, bigatuma hydrolysis reaction ihinduka hamwe na aside, amaherezo bigatuma imiterere itandukanye y'ibikoresho igabanuka cyane kandi ubuzima bw'imikorere bugahagarara cyane. Ibinyabutabire bya carbodiimide, birimo amatsinda ya carbodiimide (N=C=N) akora, bishobora gukorana n'amatsinda ya carboxyl akorwa mu gihe polymer hydrolysis kugira ngo bikore imiterere ihamye ya acylurea, bigabanya icyarimwe ubwinshi bw'amatsinda ya carboxyl kandi bikarinda hydrolysis kurushaho. Ni bimwe mu bintu bikunze gukoreshwa cyane mu kurwanya hydrolysis bihari ubu.

Ibikoresho birwanya imyuka ya karubodiimide biratandukanye kandi bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bya monomeric na polymeric. Ibikoresho bya monomeric carbodiimide bigizwe n'itsinda rimwe gusa ry'imikorere ya karubodiimide kandi ni utuntu duto twa molekile. Ibikoresho bya polymeric carbodiimide ubusanzwe bigizwe n'amatsinda abiri cyangwa menshi y'imikorere ya karubodiimide, bifite uburemere buhanitse bwa molekile, kandi biri mu bwoko bwa polymer y'uruhererekane rurerure.

Karubodiimide ya monomericimiti irwanya amaziNi ibinyobwa cyangwa kristu z'umuhondo ukeye kuva ku mukara ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba. Bishongera mu bintu bishongesha ariko ntibishongera mu mazi, kandi bifite ibyiza nko kuba bifite isuku nyinshi, gutegura byoroshye, no gukora neza cyane. 2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)carbodiimide ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu kurwanya hydrolysis ya carbodiimide monomeric igurishwa.

 

Karubodiimide za polymere ni ifu y'umuhondo kugeza ku ibara ry'umukara cyangwa ibinyobwa bitose ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba, hamwe n'uburemere bwa molekile muri rusange burenga 1000, mu gihe uburemere bwa molekile za oligomer bugenzurwa ahagana mu 2000. Karubodiimide za polymere zikunze kuboneka hakoreshejwe monomeri za diisocyanate, catalysts, solvents, n'ibikoresho byo gufunga ku bushyuhe bukwiye. Ubwa mbere, monomeri za diisocyanate zihura n'ingaruka zo gufunga munsi y'umusemburo kugira ngo haboneke prepolymer irimo amatsinda menshi ya karubodiimide n'amatsinda y'impera ya isocyanate. Hanyuma, amatsinda ya isocyanate akorana na hydrogen ikora ivuye mu musemburo wo gufunga ku bushyuhe kugira ngo haboneke polycarbodiimides. Polycarbodiimide zisanzwe ziboneka hakoreshejwe gufunga 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-1,5-diisocyanate hanyuma gufunga ku bushyuhe hamwe na 2,6-diisopropylphenyl monoisocyanate.

 

4. Ahantu hasanzwe hakoreshwa karubodiimide

PET, nk'ibikoresho bya polyester bikunze gukoreshwa cyane, ifite imiterere myiza ya mekanike, ihamye, idahinduka, kandi ifite imiterere y'amatara, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu buhinzi, inganda, ubwubatsi, ubuvuzi, n'imodoka. PET ikorwa binyuze mu gushonga kwa PTA na ethylene glycol; imigozi ya ester ishobora kwangirika cyane, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwa polymer bugabanuka kandi imikorere yayo ikagabanuka cyane. Hydrolysis ya PET igabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa byayo biri munsi y'amazi mu bidukikije birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushuhe, cyangwa hanze. Ubushakashatsi bujyanye n'ibyo bwagaragaje ko gushyiramo ibintu birwanya hydrolysis bya monomeric muri PET masterbatch kugira ngo hategurwe ingero za filime byongera ubushobozi bwo kudashyuha, gusaza ubushyuhe butose, no kurekura igihe ibicuruzwa bya filime bicitse. Carbodiimide ihumura neza igaragaza imikorere myiza ya hydrolysis.

Ikorwa rya polyurethane rikoresha ubwoko bwinshi bwa monomer, rituma habaho uburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu, kandi ritanga ibyiza nko gukomera cyane, kudashwanyagurika, kudashyuha neza, no koroshya gutunganya. Rikoreshwa cyane mu mavuta yo gufunga, gusiga, elastomer, pulasitiki ifuro, n'imigozi ya sintetike. Polyurethane yo mu bwoko bwa polyester ikorwa muri polyols za polyester za oligomeric, zirimo imigozi myinshi ya ester mu minyururu yazo ya molekile, bigatuma zidapfa gushwanyagurika neza. Ingaruka mbi za carbodiimide zirwanya hydrolysis zigira ingaruka mbi nke ku ikorwa rya polyurethane kandi zishobora kongerwa kuri polyel ya polyester mu gihe cyo gukora. Byongeye kandi, carbodiimide za polymeric zitegurwa na isocyanate condensation zirimo amatsinda ya -N=C=O, bigatuma bashobora kwitabira gukora reaction yo gutegura polyurethane irwanya hydrolysis. Byongeye kandi, carbodiimide zishobora kongerwamo mu gihe cyo kuvanga polyurethane. Ubushakashatsi bujyanye n'ibyo bwagaragaje ko kongeramo carbodiimide bishobora kugabanya agaciro ka aside ya polyester polyol, bikabuza hydrolysis ya polyester, kandi bikanoza neza ubudahangarwa bwa hydrolysis bwa TPU.

Polymeri zishobora kubora zishingiye kuri polyester nka PBAT, PLA, na aside polyglycolic (PGA) zifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza neza, kubora, umutekano, kudahumanya, ndetse n'imiterere myiza y'umubiri n'iy'ikoranabuhanga, bigaragaza icyizere gikomeye mu bikoresho by'ubuvuzi, ibikoresho byo gupakira, n'ubuhinzi. Ariko, ibi bikoresho bishobora kubora byose bifite ikibazo cyo kudahindagurika neza kw'amazi n'ubushyuhe, byoroshye kwangirika mu gihe cyo gutunganya, kubika no gukoresha, bigatuma imikorere igabanuka kandi ntigere ku gihe cyabyo giteganijwe. Carbodiimide ishobora kugira ingaruka ku gufunga hamwe n'amatsinda ya karubokisili mu miyoboro ya molekile ya PBAT, PLA, na PGA kugira ngo habeho imiterere ihamye ya acylurea, icyarimwe ikabuza hydrolysis no kunoza ubushyuhe.

MDI yahinduwe na karubodiimide (izwi kandi nka MDI ifite ubushyuhe) ni kimwe mu bicuruzwa by'ingenzi byahinduwe na diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Ikorwa n'uburyo MDI ikora nk'umusemburo wo gukora amatsinda ya karubodiimide. MDI yahinduwe na karubodiimide irangwa no kuba amazi ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba, yoroshye kubika, kandi imara igihe kirekire. Muri icyo gihe, ishobora kongera cyane uburyo ibikoresho bya polyurethane birwanya hidrolisisi.

Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi ku bicuruzwa birwanya hydrolysis, vugaTwandikire.