"Isivikelo esiseduze" sezinto ezibonakalayo ---UV531

 

Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet (UV)—lo “mbulali wokukhanya” ongabonakali—ihlala isongela impilo nokuphila kwezinto ezahlukahlukene. Njengesivikelo “sokukhanya” ngokumelene nemisebe ye-UV, izifutho ze-UV ziye zaba abavikeli ababalulekile bemboni yanamuhla. Ukuze siqonde imiphumela yazo emangalisayo, sidinga kuqala ukuqaphela uhlobo lwangempela lwalo “mbulali ongabonakali.”

Emakhoneni afihliwe e-solar spectrum (100-400nm), imisebe ye-ultraviolet ifihla amandla amathathu akhethekile ayingozi:

 

Ukuhlukaniswa	Ibanga lobude bamagagasi (nm)	Izici
I-UV-A	320-400	Ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okunamaza amade kunamandla amakhulu okungena futhi kungangena emafwini nasengilazini.
I-UV-B	280-320	Imisebe ye-ultraviolet yamagagasi aphakathi imuncwa kancane ungqimba lwe-ozone futhi inamandla amancane okungena.
I-UV-C	100-280	Imisebe ye-ultraviolet yamaza amafushane cishe imuncwa ngokuphelele ungqimba lwe-ozone, futhi kuncane kakhulu okusalayo ebusweni boMhlaba.

 

• Amandla Akhethekile e-UV-C: Njengoba ephethe imisebe enamandla amakhulu ebulalayo, ngenhlanhla ungqimba lwe-ozone lwakha umugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela eMhlabeni, okwenza kube yinto engavamile kakhulu ukuthi afinyelele phansi.
• I-UV-B Vanguard: Igxile ekubhekiseni izinto ezibonakalayo, ingabangela ukusabela kokuphuka kweketanga lama-molecule, okwenza kube yimbangela enkulu yokuqhekeka kwepulasitiki kanye nokufiphala kopende.
• I-UV -I-Agent Engena Nge-UV: 'I-lurker' enamandla amakhulu okungena, ekwazi ukungena ngokujulile ngaphakathi kwezinto ukuze iqalise inqubo yokuwohloka ehamba kancane kodwa eqhubekayo. Zihlose izici zalezi zitha ngamaza ahlukahlukene, izifutho ze-ultraviolet ziye zathuthukisa amaqhinga okuzivikela ahlakaniphile—ngamaqembu akhethekile asebenzayo esakhiweni sawo sama-molecule, ziguqula amandla abhubhisayo emisebe ye-ultraviolet abe ukushisa okungenangozi, zihlinzeka ngezingubo zokuvikela ezibonakalayo ezenzelwe wena zezinto ezifana nepulasitiki, izembozo, kanye nezimonyo.

 

I. Ukuhlukaniswa kweIzifunxi ze-Ultraviolet

Embonini yanamuhla kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke, imiphumela yokuguga kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV) ezintweni ayinakunakwa. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nselele, ososayensi bathuthukise izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-UV absorbers, okuyiziqinisi zokukhanya ezimunca imisebe ye-ultraviolet evela elangeni kanye nemithombo yokukhanya ye-fluorescent ngaphandle kokushintsha izakhiwo zazo. Ngokusekelwe ezakhiweni zazo zamakhemikhali, i-UV absorbers ihlukaniswa kakhulu ngama-benzotriazoles, ama-triazines, nama-benzophenones (njenge-UV531).

Uma ukhetha ama-absorber e-ultraviolet, kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile i-coefficient yokumuncwa kwama-resin ahlukene ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet ukuze kukhethwe ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okufanele ukwakha isivikelo "esifanele kakhulu" se-resin.

1. I-PVC: I-coefficient yokumunca iphansi kuma-wavelength amafushane (200-300 nm), kodwa iyanda kakhulu ngokwanda kwama-wavelength, okubonisa ukuthi i-PVC izwela kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet okunamagagasi amade.

2. I-PE: I-coefficient ephansi yokumunca ikhombisa ukuthi i-PE inamandla abuthakathaka okumunca ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kanye nokumelana okuhle nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.

3. I-PS: I-coefficient yokumunca iphakathi nendawo, ikakhulukazi ukumunca kunamandla ebangeni lama-300-400 nm.

4. I-PC: Ine-coefficient ephezulu yokumunca, ikakhulukazi ebangeni le-ultraviolet elide (350-400 nm), lapho ikhombisa khona amandla okumunca aqinile.

5. I-PET: Inesilinganiso esiphakeme sokumuncwa, ikakhulukazi ebangeni lika-300-400 nm lapho ukumuncwa kubalulekile khona.

6. I-EPOXY: Inesilinganiso esiphezulu sokumuncwa, okubonisa ukuthi i-EPOXY iyazwela kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet futhi ithambekele ekugugeni.

 

II. Isingeniso ku-UV531- I-absorber ye-ultraviolet yakudala esekelwe ku-benzophenone

Ifomula yesakhiwo:

Indlela yokusabela: I-UV531 iyisithambisi se-ultraviolet esisekelwe ku-benzophenone. Indlela yokumunca ye-UV-531 (2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone) isekelwe kakhulu ekusabeleni kwezibopho ezithile zamakhemikhali esakhiweni sayo sama-molecule ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet.

Inqubo ethile imi kanje:

1. Ukubopha kwe-hydrogen ngaphakathi kwama-molecule kanye nokwakheka kwendandatho ye-chelate

Amaqembu e-carbonyl kanye ne-hydroxyl ku-molecule ye-UV-531 angakha izibopho ze-hydrogen zangaphakathi kwama-molecule, adale indandatho ye-chelate. Lesi sakhiwo siyinika ukusatshalaliswa kwefu lama-electron, okunikeza isisekelo sokumunca ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.

2. Ukumuncwa kwamandla e-ultraviolet

Uma i-molecule ivezwa ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet kobude be-wavelength ethile, imunca amandla bese ingena esimweni sokujabula. Kuleli qophelo, ukudlidliza kokushisa kwama-molecule kuyaqina, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwezibopho ze-hydrogen zangaphakathi kwama-molecule kanye nokuvulwa kwezindandatho ze-chelate.

3. Ukuguqulwa Nokukhululwa Kwamandla

Inqubo yokuvula indandatho iguqula amandla aphezulu okukhanya kwe-ultraviolet abe ukushisa noma ezinye izinhlobo zamandla aphansi (njengamandla okudlidliza), ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele i-polymer ekumunceni amandla e-ultraviolet futhi ibangele i-photooxidation. Ngemva kwalokho, i-molecule ibuyela esakhiweni sayo sokuqala futhi ingamunca ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ngokuphindaphindiwe.

4. Ukuzinza kwesithombe kanye nomphumela wokujikeleza ngebhayisikili

I-UV-531 ngokwayo iyakwazi ukuthwebula izithombe kakhulu futhi ingamunca futhi ikhiphe amandla e-ultraviolet ngokungenasiphelo. Kodwa-ke, ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, ukusebenza kwayo kungase kunciphe kancane kancane ngenxa yokuchayeka isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezifana nama-free radicals e-peroxide. Ngakho-ke, ivame ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinye iziqinisi zokukhanya (njengeziqinisi zokukhanya ze-amine ezivinjiwe) ukuthuthukisa umphumela wokuvikela.

 

III. Izinzuzo Eziyingqayizivele ze-UV531 - Umqaphi We-Anti-Aging Ephumelela Kakhulu

1. Ukumuncwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu kwebhendi ye-UV-B: I-UV531 yakhelwe ukumuncwa kwebhendi ye-UV-B (280-320 nm).

Lena yi-UV band eyinhloko ebangela ukuguga kwezinto kanye nokushiswa yilanga. I-UV531 inamandla aphezulu okumunca ebhendini ye-UV-B, okwenza ifaneleke kakhulu ezimweni ezidinga ukuvikelwa okuqinile.

2. Ukukhanya okuhle kakhulu nokuzinza kokushisa

I-UV531 igcina isakhiwo samakhemikhali esizinzile ngisho noma ibhekene nokukhanya isikhathi eside kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu, okwenza imelane nokubola futhi iqinisekise ukuvikelwa okuhlala isikhathi eside.

3. Ukuhambisana okubanzi

I-UV531 ikhombisa ukuhambisana okuhle nezinto ezahlukahlukene ze-polymer (njenge-polyethylene, i-polypropylene, ne-polyvinyl chloride), okwenza kube lula ukuyicubungula nokuyifaka.

4. Ukuvikelwa nokuphepha kwemvelo

I-UV531 iye yahlolwa kakhulu ngobuthi futhi ayinangozi kubantu kanye nemvelo, ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zemvelo zomhlaba wonke futhi iphephile ukusetshenziswa ekupakisheni kokudla nasezimonyweni. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-benzotriazoles nama-triazines angabangela izingozi ezithile zemvelo ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-halogen noma ezinye izingxenye eziyingozi. Isibonelo, izinto ezine ze-phenolic benzotriazole (kufaka phakathi i-UV-328, i-UV-327, i-UV-350, kanye ne-UV-320) ziye zaphakanyiswa ukuze kuvinjelwe i-REACH yi-European Chemicals Agency (ECHA).

 

IV. Izindawo Zokusebenza ezingu-531 - Ukumbozwa Okubanzi Kwezinto Ezihlukahlukene

I-UV-531, njengesithako sokulwa nokuguga esisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi esisebenza kahle kakhulu, inezinhlobo eziningi zezicelo. Nazi izindawo eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwe-UV-531:

1. Imboni yepulasitiki