Izinhloso eziyinhloko zokufaka ama-bactericides emikhiqizweni yokuwasha zimbili: ukuvikela izindwangu nokuvimbela umonakalo wesikhumba obangelwa ama-bacteria. Njengamanje, ama-bactericides asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlinzini zokuwasha afaka izigaba ezilandelayo:

1. Ama-bactericides Aqukethe i-Chlorine

I-Triclocarban

Ngenxa yokubulala kwayo okubanzi nokusebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nemiphumela yokuvimbela amabhaktheriya ane-Gram-positive, amabhaktheriya ane-Gram-negative, isikhunta, imvubelo, ama-virus, njll., isetshenziswa kabanzi njengesibulali-magciwane kanye nesilondolozi emikhiqizweni yokuwasha, izimonyo, izibulali-magciwane zezokwelapha, izihlanzi-moya, izinto zokuqeda indwangu nesikhumba, ama-deodorant neminye imikhiqizo. I-Triclocarban inesivinini esisheshayo sokubulala amagciwane, iphephile futhi ayinabo ubuthi, futhi ayincibiliki emanzini. Uma isisetshenziswe esikhumbeni noma ezindwangu ezinemicu, ayihlanzwa kalula ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, ngaleyo ndlela iqhubeka nokusebenzisa imiphumela yokubulala amagciwane kanye ne-bacteriostatic. Njenge-anionic bactericide, i-triclocarban ihambisana kahle futhi izinzile kuma-detergent, izinzile ekukhanyeni nasekushiseni, ngeke ibangele ukushintsha kombala womkhiqizo, futhi ngeke ibangele ukungcoliswa kwezingubo kanye nesikhumba. Ukuhlolwa kukhombisile ukuthi ukwengezwa kwe-triclocarban akunawo umthelela omkhulu emandleni okuhlanza kanye nokugqwala kwama-detergent e-liquid, futhi inokuqina okuhle kokushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi. Ihambisana kahle futhi izinzile ne-alkaline medium evame ukusetshenziswa ezisekelweni zensipho, ngakho-ke ifaneleka kakhulu emikhiqizweni yokuwasha efana nensipho, izihlanzi zomzimba, ama-shampoo, izimpuphu zokuwasha, izihlanzi zokuwasha kanye nezihlanzi zezandla.

I-Triclosan

I-Triclosan, enegama lesayensi elithi “2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether” kanye nefomula yamakhemikhali i-C₁₂H₇Cl₃O₂, yaziwa nangokuthi “i-triclosan”. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, iyimpuphu emhlophe noma engabonakali emhlophe enephunga elincane le-phenolic. Ayincibiliki emanzini, incibilika kalula ezixazululweni ze-alkaline kanye nezinyibilikisi eziphilayo, inezinhlobo eziningi zokubulala nokuvimbela imiphumela kuma-bacteria abangela izifo i-Gram-positive, isikhunta, imvubelo kanye namagciwane (njenge-hepatitis A, i-hepatitis B, igciwane le-rabies, i-HIV). Ayicasuli isikhumba futhi isebenza ngokulinganayo kuma-bacteria amelana namagciwane futhi angamelani namagciwane.

Njenge-bactericide ebanzi, i-triclosan isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinsweni zokwelapha/ezinsweni zokuhlanzeka ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ama-lotion ahlanzekile, ama-deodorant/foot ovory sprays, ama-disinfectant hand washes, ama-wound disinfecting sprays, ama-disinfectant edivayisi yezokwelapha, ama-facial cleaners/creams, ama-air fresheners kanye nama-freezer deodorants. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuqeda izindwangu zangasese kanye nokwelashwa kwepulasitiki okulwa nokugqwala. I-triclosan ehlanzekile kakhulu isetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-toothpaste okwelapha kanye nama-mouthwashes okwelapha i-gingivitis, i-periodontitis kanye nezilonda zomlomo, kanye nokuhlushwa okunconywayo kokusetshenziswa okungu-0.05% kuya ku-0.3%.

I-Diclosan

Igama layo lamakhemikhali yi-4,4′-dichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether, elifingqiwe ngokuthiI-Diclosan DB-100Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, luwuketshezi oluphuzi olukhanyayo. Njengoba lungancibiliki emanzini, luncibilika ezinyibilikisini eziphilayo kanye nezixazululo ze-surfactant, lungahlanganiswa nama-surfactants e-anionic, angewona ama-ionic, amphoteric kanye ne-cationic, anokumelana nokushisa okufika ku-200°C kanye nokuqina okuhle kakhulu ezindaweni ezine-alkaline.I-Diclosan DB-100iyi-bactericide ephephile futhi esebenza kahle ye-broad-spectrum, enomphumela omuhle wokuvimbela kokubili amabhaktheriya ane-Gram-positive kanye ne-Gram-negative. Ifaneleka emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa kwasekhaya kanye nendwangu, izitsha zasekhishini noma ukuhlanza indawo eqinile. Ingasetshenziswa kanye ne-bleach esebenzayo ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, kodwa ayizinzile uma igcinwa isikhathi eside ezinhlelweni eziqinile ze-oxidizing (i-bleaching esebenzayo). Inani elinconywayo lokwengeza ezinhlotsheni zokuhlanza izingubo lingu-≤ 0.6%.

Njengamanje, imikhiqizo eminingi yokulwa namagciwane emakethe iqukethe i-triclosan ne-triclocarban. Ezinye izifundo ezicashunwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) zibonisa ukuthi ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezithakweni ezithile ezisebenzayo emikhiqizweni yokulwa namagciwane, njenge-triclosan ne-triclocarban, kungathinta ukumelana nemithi yabantu noma amazinga ama-hormone, okubeka izingozi zempilo. Lezi zindaba zifake isithunzi sengqondo embonweni wabathengi ngokuphepha kwe-triclosan ne-triclocarban, kunciphisa ukwamukelwa kwabo kwemikhiqizo enjalo. Njengoba i-diclosan ine-athomu eyodwa ye-chlorine encane kune-triclosan, ayicasuli kakhulu umzimba womuntu ngakho-ke inomkhuba wokuthatha indawo ye-triclosan.

2. Ama-bactericides e-Phenolic

I-Chloroxylenol (PCMX)

Igama layo lamakhemikhali yi-4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, elifushaniswe ngokuthi i-PCMX. Liyi-bactericide esebenza kahle kakhulu, ephephile futhi ene-spectrum ebanzi. Linemiphumela yokubulala iningi lamabhaktheriya ane-Gram-positive, ama-bacteria angemuhle, isikhunta kanye nesikhunta, alicasuli, futhi liyi-antibacterial ephansi ubuthi. Lingasetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-mildew kanye ne-antibacterial agent emikhiqizweni yokubulala amagciwane noma yokunakekela umuntu siqu, njenge-shampoos yokulwa ne-dandruff, ukugeza izandla, insipho kanye nezinye izihlanzi zokulwa namagciwane. Ivunywe yi-US FDA, i-PCMX iyi-agent ethandwayo yokulwa namagciwane enezinga eliphansi elingu-0.5%, futhi ingaxutshwa ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1:120 uma isetshenziswa. I-Chloroxylenol ayihambisani nama-surfactants angewona ama-ionic kanye ne-methylcellulose. Njengamanje, izihlanzi eziningi noma izihlanzi zokuhlanza ezilwa namagciwane emakethe zengeze le bactericide.

2,4-Dichloro-3,5-dimethylphenol (DCMX)

I-DCMX iyi-powder eqinile empunga-emhlophe noma ephuzi ngokuphaphathekile enephunga elikhethekile, iphuzu lokuncibilika elingu-92-95°C, kunzima ukuyincibilikisa emanzini, futhi incibilika kalula kuma-alcohols afana ne-ethanol, i-isopropanol, i-glycerol kanye nezinye izinyibilikisi eziphilayo. Iyi-ejenti esebenza kahle kakhulu, ene-spectrum ebanzi futhi enamandla yokulwa namagciwane. Lo mkhiqizo unemiphumela enamandla yokubulala nokuvimbela ezinhlotsheni ezingaphezu kwe-10 zamagciwane abangela izifo, futhi usetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yokubulala amagciwane noma ekhethekile, kanye nokuvimbela ukubola embonini yesikhumba.

Ngesikhathi kusetshenziswa izibulali-magciwane ze-phenolic, izingxenye zazo ezibulala amagciwane azincibiliki emanzini, okwenza kube lula ukwakha i-phenol ngesikhathi kusetshenziswa. I-Phenol iyisithako esaziwa emhlabeni wonke esibangela umdlavuza, esibangela ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwemvelo futhi sibeka izingozi ezithile lapho sisetshenziswa.

3. Abanye

I-2-Phenoxyethanol (EPH/EP)

I-2-Phenoxyethanol, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ethylene glycol monophenyl ether noma i-phenoxyethanol, iyi-bactericide ebanzi edumile emhlabeni jikelele. Inezici zokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukuphepha, ubuthi obuphansi, ukungacasuli futhi akukho ukungcola, futhi ingasetshenziswa ekulweni nokugqwala kanye nokubulala amagciwane kwezokwelapha, izimonyo, imikhiqizo yokuwasha yasekhaya, kanye nokubulala amagciwane kanye nokulondolozwa kwezindwangu ezimanzi kanye nezimonyo. I-2-Phenoxyethanol inomlando omude wokusetshenziswa okubanzi nokuhle, iphephile futhi ayicasuli umzimba womuntu, ingalawula ngempumelelo amabhaktheriya, imvubelo kanye nezikhunta, futhi inemiphumela ecacile yokusebenzisana uma isetshenziswa nezinye izithako ezisebenzayo zokubulala amagciwane. Njenge-bactericide engeyona i-ionic, i-EPH ihambisana kahle futhi izinze kumafomula, futhi ingasetshenziswa ebangeni le-pH elibanzi (pH 2-12). Iphinde ihambisane kahle futhi izinze endaweni ye-alkaline evame ukusetshenziswa ezisekelweni zensipho, futhi isetshenziswa njenge-bactericide evame futhi esebenza kahle kakhulu kanye ne-deodorant emazweni aseYurophu naseMelika.

Uma unezidingo zokuhlanza ama-bactericides, zizwe ukhululekileXhumana nathinganoma yisiphi isikhathi.