Ukukhiqizwa kweshaja kagesi

Amandla ento eqinile okuthwala ishaja ancike ezimweni zobuso, ukungaguquguquki kwe-dielectric, ukumelana nobuso, kanye nomswakama ohlobene nendawo ezungezile. Amandla ayo okuthwala ishaja ahambisana ngokuphambene nokungaguquguquki kwayo kwe-dielectric kanye nomswakama ohlobene, futhi ahambisana ngqo nokumelana kwayo nobuso. Isibonakaliso seshaja siyahlukahluka kuye ngezinto; izinto ezinezingaguquguquki ze-dielectric eziphansi zishaja kahle.

Izakhiwo zokuvimbela ukushisa zihlobene nokwakheka kukagesi ongashintshi. Isakhiwo samakhemikhali samapulasitiki amaningi siveza ukuthi angama-insulator amahle kakhulu, okwenza abe yizinto ezibalulekile zemishini evame kakhulu njenge-radar. Ngenxa yokuthi amapulasitiki amaningi anomoya ophansi wokuhambisa amanzi, awakwazi ukushaja ugesi ngokushesha, umehluko phakathi kwamapulasitiki nezinsimbi.

Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki, ugesi ongaguquki ungabangela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene futhi uholele emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu, ngisho neyingozi. Izingozi ezivame kakhulu zifaka: ukunqwabelana okukhulu kokungcola ezindaweni zepulasitiki; ugesi ongaguquki odonsa uthuli oluthinta ikhwalithi yomsindo yamarekhodi; ugesi ongaguquki obangela umuzwa ongathandeki "wokushaqeka kukagesi" kubantu abasebenzisa amakhaphethi e-fiber okwenziwa noma phansi kwepulasitiki; ukunamathela okungaguquki phakathi kwamafilimu namashidi epulasitiki, okuphazamisa ukukhiqizwa okuvamile; kanye nempuphu eqinile ehlangana ndawonye ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa komoya. Izinhlansi zokukhipha ezikhiqizwa ukuqongelela okukhulu kweshaja engaguquki zingavuthisa ngisho nezingxube zomoya nothuli noma izinyibilikisi eziphilayo, zibe imbangela yokuqhuma okuningi okubhubhisayo.

Izinyathelo zokucindezela ukushaja kwe-electrostatic

(1) Ukwanda komswakama ohlobene: Njengoba umswakama ozungezile wemikhiqizo ebunjiwe ukhula, ukuhanjiswa komoya ebusweni bawo nakho kuyanda, ngaleyo ndlela kusheshiswe ukushajwa kweshaja. Isibonelo, lapho umswakama ohlobene we-polyamide emunca amanzi uphakeme kuno-65%, cishe awukho ugesi oqinile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho umswakama ohlobene uphansi kakhulu kuno-20%, izinkinga zokulinganisela ishaja ebusweni azinakugwenywa. Kulesi simo, okuwukuphela kwendlela ephumelela ngempela yokucindezela ugesi oqinile ukwengeza i-matrix eqhubayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukumelana kwevolumu.

(2) Khulisa ukuhanjiswa komoya:ngokusebenzisa i-ionizer esebenza ngesimiso sikagesi noma i-radioactivity ukwandisa ukuhanjiswa komoya, ukuze ishaja ikwazi ukusabalala ngokushesha emoyeni ozungezile.

(3) Khulisa ukuhanjiswa komoya ebusweni ngokufaka izithasiselo zamakhemikhali (ama-antistatic agents) kumapulasitiki noma ukuzisebenzisa ebusweni ukwandisa ukuhanjiswa komoya ebusweni, ngaleyo ndlela kuqedwe ukushaja okungaguquki.

 Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali Kwama-Antistatic Agents

Ama-antistatic agents ayizithasiselo ezifakwa kuma-molding compounds noma ezifakwa ebusweni bemikhiqizo ebunjiwe ukunciphisa ukwakheka kukagesi ozinzile. Ngokuvamile, ngokusekelwe endleleni yokufaka isicelo, ama-antistatic agents angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle.

2.Ama-Antistatic Angaphakathi

Ama-antistatic agents angeziwe ngaphakathi afakwa kuma-polymers njengama-surfactants ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokubumba. Wonke anezici ezisebenzayo ebusweni futhi angathutha futhi ahlangane ebusweni bezingxenye ezibunjiwe. Lezi zithasiselo ziqukethe amaqembu athanda amanzi kanye nathanda amanzi kuma-molecule awo. Amaqembu athanda amanzi anokuhambisana okuthile ne-polymer futhi angabangela ukuthi ama-molecule awo anamathele ebusweni bomkhiqizo, kuyilapho amaqembu athanda amanzi esebenza ngokubopha nokushintshana nama-molecule amanzi ebusweni bomkhiqizo. Ama-antistatic agents amaningi anezici ezisebenzayo ebusweni angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ze-cationic, anionic, kanye ne-nonionic.

1.Ama-Cationic Antistatic Agents:Kulolu hlobo lwe-antistatic agent, ingxenye esebenzayo ye-molecule ngokuvamile iqukethe iqembu elikhulu le-cationic futhi ngokuvamile iqembu elide le-alkyl, njenge-quaternary ammonium salts, i-quaternary sulfonium salts, noma i-quaternary sulfonium salts. Ama-anion ngokuvamile akhiwa ngesikhathi sokusabela kwe-quaternization, njenge-chloride, i-methyl sulfates, kanye ne-nitrate. Ama-quaternary ammonium salt antistatic agents abusa lesi sigaba semikhiqizo yezentengiselwano. Ama-cationic antistatic agents asebenza kakhulu kuma-polar matrices (njenge-PVC kanye nama-styrene polymers). Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kunqunyelwe kancane ngenxa yemiphumela yawo emibi ekuzinzeni kokushisa kwama-polymer athile.

2. Ama-Antionic Antistatic Agents: Kulolu hlobo lwe-antistatic agent, ingxenye esebenzayo ye-molecule iyi-anionic. Ama-alkyl sulfonates, ama-sulfate, ama-phosphate, ama-dithiocarbamates, noma ama-carboxylates ngokuvamile athwala inani elikhulu lama-anion, kuyilapho ama-cation ngokuvamile angama-alkali metal ion, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ama-alkaline earth metal ion. Isibonelo, i-sodium alkyl sulfonate isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini ngoba ifinyelela imiphumela eyanelisayo ye-antistatic kuma-polyvinyl chloride nama-polystyrene polymers, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuma-polyolefins kunemikhawulo ethile.

3. Ama-antistatic angewona ama-ionic: Lawa ma-antistatic agents aneqembu lama-molecule asebenza ngaphezulu elingashajwa futhi line-polarity ephansi kakhulu (ikakhulukazi ama-ester noma ama-ether e-polyethylene glycol, ama-ester noma ama-ethanolamines e-fatty acid, ama-mono- noma ama-diglycerides, kanye nama-ethoxylated fatty amines). Atholakala kakhulu ngokuthengiswa njengoketshezi noma ama-waxes aphansi okuthambisa.

I-polarity ephansi yalezi zithasiselo izenza zibe ama-antistatic agent angaphakathi afanele kakhulu e-polyethylene ne-polypropylene, futhi zibonisa ukuhambisana okuphezulu. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-polyethylene ne-polypropylene zinezinhlobo ezahlukene zobuningi, i-crystallinity, kanye nezakhiwo zama-molecule ezincane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kutholakale isakhiwo sama-molecule esifanele se-antistatic agent ngayinye, ubude be-alkyl chain kanye nenani lamaqembu e-hydroxyl noma ether ku-compound kumele kulungiswe. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho umphumela wokusetshenziswa ofiselekayo ungaqinisekiswa ngempumelelo. Isibonelo, ama-antistatic agent ajwayelekile asetshenziswa ku-polypropylene awasebenzi kahle uma esetshenziswa ku-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphansi, futhi okuphambene nalokho.

 I-ejenti yokulwa ne-static yohlobo lokumboza lwangaphandle

Ama-antistatic agent angaphandle asetshenziswa ebusweni bezingxenye ezibunjiwe ngesimo sesisombululo samanzi noma sotshwala. Ngenxa yezindlela ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa, izidingo zesakhiwo ezishiwo kuma-antistatic agent angaphakathi azibalulekanga kangako. Wonke ama-compound asebenza ebusweni, kanye nezinto eziningi ezingasebenzi ebusweni (njenge-glycerin, i-polyols, ne-polyethylene glycol), anezakhiwo ze-antistatic ngamazinga ahlukahlukene, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwala ma-compound akuthinteki ukuhambisana kwawo ne-polymer noma ukufuduka kwawo ngaphakathi kwe-polymer.