Izihlanzi ziyizithasiselo ezingaphezulu ezisetshenziselwa ukuqinisa izinhlayiya eziqinile ezinkundleni ezifana nezinamathelisi, upende, amapulasitiki kanye nezinhlanganisela zepulasitiki.

Esikhathini esidlule, izimbozo zazingafuni izihlanzi. Izinhlelo ezifana nopende we-alkyd nowe-nitro zazingafuni izihlanzi. Izihlanzi azizange zivele kwaze kwaba yilapho sekuba nopende we-acrylic resin kanye nopende we-polyester resin. Lokhu kuhlobene kakhulu nokuthuthukiswa kwezihlanzi, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwezihlanzi ezisezingeni eliphezulu akukwazi ukuhlukaniswa nosizo lwezihlanzi.
Izihlanzi ziyizithasiselo ezingaphezulu ezisetshenziselwa ukuqinisa izinhlayiya eziqinile ezingxoxweni ezifana nezinamathiselo, upende, amapulasitiki kanye nezingxube zepulasitiki. Uhlangothi olulodwa lwayo luyiketanga lokuxazulula elingancibilikiswa ezingxoxweni ezahlukene zokuhlakazeka, kanti olunye uhlangothi luyiqembu elibamba i-pigment elingafakwa ebusweni bemibala ehlukahlukene futhi lisetshenziswe ukuguqula libe yi-solid/liquid interface (isixazululo se-pigment/resin).

Isixazululo se-resin kumele singene ezikhaleni eziphakathi kwama-pigment agglomerate. Zonke izinhlobo zombala zikhona njengama-pigment agglomerate, okuyiqoqo "lezinhlayiya" zezinhlayiya zombala, nomoya nomswakama okutholakala ezikhaleni zangaphakathi phakathi kwezinhlayiya zombala ngazinye. Izinhlayiya zithintana emaphethelweni nasemakhoneni, futhi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlayiya kuncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke la mandla anganqotshwa imishini evamile yokuhlakazeka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-agglomerate aminyene kakhulu, futhi kukhona ukuxhumana ubuso nobuso phakathi kwezinhlayiya zombala ngazinye, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuwahlakaza abe yizinhlayiya eziyinhloko. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokugaya ukuhlakazeka kombala, ama-pigment agglomerate aba mancane kancane; isimo esifanelekile ukuthola izinhlayiya eziyinhloko.

Inqubo yokugaya i-pigment ingahlukaniswa ngezinyathelo ezintathu ezilandelayo: isinyathelo sokuqala ukumanzisa. Ngaphansi kokuxubha, wonke umoya kanye nomswakama ebusweni be-pigment kuyakhishwa bese kuthathelwa indawo yisisombululo se-resin. I-dispersant ithuthukisa ukumanzisa kwe-pigment, iguqula i-solid/gas interface ibe yi-solid/liquid interface futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokugaya; isinyathelo sesibili inqubo yokugaya yangempela yokuhlakazeka kwe-pigment. Ngokuthinta kwamandla omshini kanye namandla okusika, ama-pigment agglomerate ayaphuka futhi usayizi wezinhlayiya wehliswa ube yizinhlayiya eziyinhloko. Lapho i-pigment ivulwa ngamandla omshini, i-dispersant izomunca ngokushesha futhi igoqe izinhlayiya ezincane zosayizi wezinhlayiya; esinyathelweni sesithathu sokugcina, ukuhlakazeka kwe-pigment kumele kuzinzile ngokwanele ukuvimbela ukwakheka kokugoqeka okungalawulwa.

Ukusetshenziswa kwesihlanzisi esifanelekile kungagcina izinhlayiya ze-pigment zikude ngendlela efanele ngaphandle kokubuyisela ukuxhumana. Eziningi zezicelo, kudingeka isimo esizinzile sokuphuma kwe-flocculation. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukuhlakazeka kwe-pigment kungahlala kuzinzile ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo ze-coflocculation. Izinsiza zokumanzisa zinganciphisa umehluko wokungezwani kobuso phakathi kwe-pigment kanye nesixazululo se-resin, kusheshiswe ukumanzisa kwama-agglomerate e-pigment yi-resin; izinsiza zokuhlakaza zithuthukisa ukuzinza kokuhlakazeka kwe-pigment. Ngakho-ke, umkhiqizo ofanayo uvame ukuba nemisebenzi yezinsiza zokumanzisa kanye nezokusabalalisa.

Ukusabalala kwe-pigment kuyinqubo kusukela ekuhlanganisweni kuya esimweni sokuhlakazeka. Njengoba usayizi wezinhlayiya uncipha futhi indawo engaphezulu ikhula, amandla ongaphezulu kohlelo nawo ayanda.
Njengoba amandla obuso besistimu eyinqubo encipha ngokuzenzakalelayo, lapho ukwanda kwendawo engaphezulu kusobala khona, kudingeka amandla amaningi ukuze kusetshenziswe ngaphandle ngesikhathi senqubo yokugaya, futhi lapho umphumela wokuzinza we-dispersant uqina khona ukuze kugcinwe ukuzinza kokuhlakazeka kwesistimu. Ngokuvamile, imibala engaphili inobukhulu bezinhlayiya ezinkulu, izindawo ezithile eziphansi, kanye ne-surface polarity ephezulu, ngakho kulula ukuyihlakaza nokuzinza; kuyilapho imibala ehlukahlukene ephilayo kanye ne-carbon black inobukhulu bezinhlayiya ezincane, izindawo ezinkulu ezithile, kanye ne-surface polarity ephansi, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuyihlakaza nokuzinza.

Ngakho-ke, ama-dispersant ahlinzeka kakhulu ngezici ezintathu zokusebenza: (1) ukuthuthukisa ukumanzisa kwe-pigment kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokugaya; (2) ukunciphisa i-viscosity kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuhambisana nezinto eziyisisekelo, ukuthuthukisa ukucwebezela, ukugcwala kanye nokucaca kwesithombe, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwesitoreji; (3) ukwandisa amandla okufaka umbala kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-pigment kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuzinza kokufaka umbala.

Izinto Ezintsha Ezintsha zaseNanjing zinikezai-ejenti yokumanzisa yokupenda nokufaka, kuhlanganise nezinye ezifana ne-Disperbyk.

In isihloko esilandelayo, sizohlola izinhlobo zezihlakaza ngezikhathi ezahlukene ngomlando wokuthuthukiswa kwezihlakaza.