I. Imigomo Nezincazelo

Ukukhanya kwelanga kuqukethe inani elikhulu lokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV), okunama-wavelengths angaba ngu-290-460 nm, okuyingozi ezintweni ezinombala. Lokhu kukhanya kwe-UV okuyingozi kubangela ukuthi ama-molecule ombala abole futhi anyamalale ngokusabela kwe-chemical redox. Ukusebenzisa ama-UV absorber kungavimbela noma kunciphise ngempumelelo imiphumela elimazayo yemisebe ye-UV ezintweni ezivikelwe.

I-UV absorber iyisiqinisi sokukhanya esimunca ingxenye ye-UV yelanga kanye nemithombo yokukhanya ekhanyayo ngaphandle kokushintsha ngokwaso. Ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga kanye ne-fluorescence, amapulasitiki namanye ama-polymer abhekana nokusabela kwe-auto-oxidation ngenxa yesenzo semisebe ye-UV, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kwe-polymer kanye nokuwohloka, okuholela ekubukekeni okubi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini. Ukwengeza ama-UV absorbers kumunca ngokukhetha le misebe ye-UV enamandla aphezulu, kuyiguqula ibe amandla angenangozi akhishwa noma asetshenziswayo. Njengoba ama-polymer ahlukene enama-wavelength e-UV ahlukene abangela ukuwohloka, ama-UV absorbers ahlukene amunca ama-wavelength ehlukene yemisebe ye-UV. Ngakho-ke, i-UV absorber efanele kufanele ikhethwe ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwe-polymer esetshenzisiwe.

II. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemisebenzi Yezifutho Ze-Ultraviolet

Izithasiselo ze-ultraviolet kufanele zihlangabezane nalezi zimo ezilandelayo:

① Ingamunca kakhulu imisebe ye-ultraviolet (ikakhulukazi imisebe ye-ultraviolet enamaza obubanzi obungu-290 ~ 400nm); ② Izinzile kahle ekushiseni futhi ngeke ishintshe ngenxa yokushisa ngisho nangesikhathi sokucubungula, ngokuguquguquka okuphansi kokushisa; ③ Izinzile kahle kumakhemikhali futhi ngeke isabele kabi ngezingxenye zezinto ezikumkhiqizo; ④ Iyakwazi ukuqhekeka kahle futhi ingahlakazeka ngokulinganayo ezintweni ngaphandle kokuqhakaza noma ukuvuza; ⑤ I-muncbent ngokwayo izinzile kahle ku-photochemical, ayiboli, futhi ayishintshi umbala; ⑥ Ayinambala, ayinabo ubuthi, futhi ayinaphunga; ⑦ Iyagezwa; ⑧ Ayibizi futhi itholakala kalula.

Ama-absorber e-UV e-Benzotriazole okwamanje asetshenziswa kakhulu eShayina, kodwa ama-absorber e-UV e-triazine abonisa ukusebenza okungcono kakhulu kune-benzotriazoles. Ama-absorber e-Triazine anezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokumunca i-UV, kanye nezinye izinzuzo, okwenza asebenze kabanzi kuma-polymer. Abonisa ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kokushisa, ukuzinza okuhle kokucubungula, kanye nokumelana ne-asidi. Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo, ama-absorber e-UV e-triazine abonisa umphumela onamandla wokubambisana nama-stabilizer okukhanya kwe-amine avimbekile; uma esetshenziswa ndawonye, ​​akhiqiza imiphumela engcono kunalapho esetshenziswa ngawodwana.

III. Izithasiselo eziningana ezivamile ze-ultraviolet

(1) Imikhiqizo yokusabela kwe-o-nitroaniline kanye ne-p-cresol

Kubonakala sengathi amakristalu aphuzi angenambala noma aphuzi ngokuphaphathekile. Ancibilika ezinyibilikisini eziningi eziphilayo ezifana nophethiloli, i-benzene, ne-acetone. Ancibilika emanzini futhi awaboli ngama-alkali noma ama-acid aqinile. Angasabela nama-ion ensimbi esindayo ukuze akhe usawoti. Angamunca ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ngamaza okukhanya angu-270-280 nm. Indawo yokuncibilika kwayo ingu-130-131℃.

Isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-resin afana ne-polyester, i-polyester ene-chlorinated, i-cellulose acetate, i-polyvinyl chloride, i-polystyrene, i-plexiglass, kanye ne-polyacrylonitrile. Ibonisa ukuzinza okungcono emikhiqizweni esobala kunasemikhiqizweni enemibala. Umthamo emikhiqizweni eqediwe u-≤0.5%.

(2) 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (UV-9)

Impuphu ephuzi noma emhlophe ekristalu. Ubuningi 1.324 g/cm³. Iphuzu lokuncibilika 62-66℃. Iphuzu lokubila 150-160℃ (0.67 kPa), 220℃ (2.4 kPa). Incibilika ezinyibilikisini eziningi eziphilayo ezifana ne-acetone, ama-ketone, i-benzene, i-methanol, i-ethyl acetate, i-methyl ethyl ketone, kanye ne-ethanol; ayincibiliki emanzini. Ukuncibilika (g/100g, 25℃) kwezinye izinyibilikisi kungokulandelayo: i-benzene 56.2, i-n-hexane 4.3, i-ethanol (95%) 5.8, i-carbon tetrachloride 34.5, i-styrene 51.2, i-DOP 18.7.

Njenge-UV absorber, ifaneleka kumapulasitiki ahlukahlukene njenge-polyvinyl chloride, i-polyvinylidene chloride, i-polymethyl methacrylate, i-unsaturated polyester, i-ABS resin, kanye ne-cellulose resin. Ububanzi obukhulu bokumunca bungu-280 ~ 340nm, kanti umthamo ojwayelekile ungu-0.1% ~ 1.5%. Iqinile ekushiseni futhi ayiboli ku-200℃. Lo mkhiqizo awumunci cishe ukukhanya okubonakalayo, okwenza ufaneleke emikhiqizweni ekhanyayo necacile. Ingasetshenziswa futhi kupende kanye nerabha yokwenziwa.

(3) 2-Hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone (UV-531)

Impuphu ephuzi noma emhlophe ekristalu. Ubuningi 1.160 g/cm³ (25℃). Iphuzu lokuncibilika 48~49℃. Incibilika ku-acetone, i-benzene, i-ethanol, kanye ne-isopropanol; incibilika kancane ku-dichloroethane; ayincibiliki emanzini. Ukuncibilika (g/100g, 25℃) kwezinye izincibilikisi yilokhu: i-acetone 74, i-benzene 72, i-methanol 2, i-ethanol (95%) 2.6, i-n-heptane 40, i-n-hexane 40.1, amanzi 0.5.

Njenge-UV absorber, imunca kakhulu ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ngamaza obubanzi obungu-270-330 nm. Ingasetshenziswa kumapulasitiki ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi i-polyethylene, i-polypropylene, i-polystyrene, i-ABS resin, i-polycarbonate, kanye ne-polyvinyl chloride. Ihambisana kahle nama-resin kanye nokuguquguquka okuphansi. Umthamo ojwayelekile u-0.1% kuya ku-1%. Inomphumela omuhle wokubambisana uma isetshenziswa nenani elincane le-4,4-thiobis (6-tert-butyl-p-cresol). Lo mkhiqizo ungasetshenziswa futhi njengesiqinisi sokukhanya ezimbozweni ezahlukene.

(4) 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′,5′-di-tert-phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole (UV-327) iyi-UV absorber enezakhiwo ezifanayo futhi isetshenziswa njenge-benzotriazole UV-326. Imunca kakhulu ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ngamaza obubanzi obungu-270 ~ 380nm, inokuqina okuhle kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokuguquguquka okuphansi kakhulu. Ihambisana kahle nama-polyolefin. Ifaneleka kakhulu i-polyethylene ne-polypropylene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasetshenziswa futhi ku-polyvinyl chloride, i-polymethyl methacrylate, i-polyoxymethylene, i-polyurethane, i-unsaturated polyester, i-ABS resin, i-epoxy resin, i-cellulose resin, njll. Lo mkhiqizo unokumelana okuhle kakhulu kokushisa, ukugezwa, ukumelana nokufiphala kwegesi, kanye nokugcinwa kwempahla yemishini. Inomphumela obalulekile wokubambisana uma isetshenziswa nama-antioxidants. Isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwe-thermo-oxidative kwemikhiqizo.

(5) I-Resorcinol monobenzoate iyimpuphu emhlophe ekristalu. Iphuzu lokuncibilika 132~135℃. Ubuningi obuyi-0.68 g/cm³ (20%). Incibilika ku-acetone kanye ne-ethanol, incibilika kancane ku-benzene, amanzi, i-n-heptane, njll. Njenge-stabilizer yokukhanya kwe-UV, ukusebenza kwayo kufana nokwe-benzophenone-based light stabilizers. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-polyvinyl chloride, i-cellulose resin, kanye ne-polystyrene, ngokuvamile ngesilinganiso esingu-1% kuya ku-2%.