"Uburinzi bwa hafi" bw'ibikoresho ---UV531

 

Imirasire ya UV (ultraviolet)—uyu “mwicanyi w’urumuri” utagaragara—ihora ibangamira ubuzima n’ubudahangarwa bw’ibikoresho bitandukanye. Nk’ “ingabo y’urumuri” irinda imirasire ya UV, ibikoresho bifata UV byabaye abarinzi b’ingenzi b’inganda za none. Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe ingaruka zabyo zitangaje, tugomba kubanza kumenya imiterere nyayo y’uyu “mwicanyi utagaragara.”

Mu mfuruka zihishe za spectrum y'izuba (100-400nm), imirasire ya ultraviolet ihishe imbaraga eshatu zidasanzwe ziteje akaga:

 

Gushyira mu byiciro	Intera y'uburebure bw'umuraba (nm)	Ibiranga
UV-A	320-400	Umucyo wa ultraviolet w’amabara maremare ufite imbaraga nyinshi zo kwinjira kandi ushobora kwinjira mu bicu no mu birahuri.
UV-B	280-320	Imirasire ya ultraviolet yo mu mabara aciriritse yinjizwa igice kimwe n'urwego rwa ozone kandi ifite imbaraga nke zo kwinjira.
UV-C	100-280	Imirasire ya ultraviolet y’amabara magufi hafi ya yose yinjizwa n’urukuta rwa ozone, kandi bike muri byo bisigaye ku buso bw’Isi.

 

• Imbaraga zidasanzwe za UV-C: Zifite imirasire yica cyane ikoresha ingufu nyinshi, ku bw'amahirwe, urwego rwa ozone ni rwo ruyobora ubwirinzi bw'Isi, bigatuma biba gake cyane ko zigera ku butaka.
• UV-B Vanguard: Yibanda ku kwibasira ubuso bw'ibikoresho, ishobora gutera ingaruka z'imitsi ya molekile, bigatuma iba nyirabayazana ukomeye wo kwangirika kwa pulasitiki no gucika kw'irangi.
• UV -Iyinjiza: 'Ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo kwinjira, ishobora kwinjira imbere mu bikoresho kugira ngo itangire kwangirika buhoro buhoro ariko ku buryo buhoraho. Bigamije kwibasira imiterere y'aba banzi mu mirasire itandukanye y'uburebure, ibikoresho bifata imirasire y'urumuri byashyizeho amayeri yo kwirwanaho ahambaye - binyuze mu matsinda yihariye y'imikorere mu miterere yabyo ya molekile, bihindura imbaraga zangiza z'imirasire y'urumuri y'urumuri mu bushyuhe butangiza, bitanga imyenda irinda isura yakozwe ku bikoresho nka pulasitiki, irangi, n'amavuta yo kwisiga.

 

I. Gushyira mu byiciroIbikoresho bikuramo imirasire ya ultraviolet

Mu nganda za none no mu buzima bwa buri munsi, ingaruka zo gusaza z'imirasire ya ultraviolet (UV) ku bikoresho ntizishobora kwirengagizwa. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoze ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho bigabanya imirasire ya ultraviolet, ari byo bigabanya imirasire ya ultraviolet ituruka ku zuba n'urumuri rwa fluorescent bidahinduye imiterere yabyo. Hashingiwe ku miterere yabyo ya shimi, ibikoresho bigabanya imirasire ya ultraviolet ahanini bigizwe na benzotriazoles, triazines, na benzophenones (nk'ibiUV531).

Mu guhitamo ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe bwa ultraviolet, hagomba kwitabwaho cyane uburyo resins zitandukanye zifatana n'urumuri rwa ultraviolet kugira ngo hatoranywe urumuri rwa ultraviolet rukwiye kugira ngo rube "ururinda" résins.

1. PVC: Igipimo cyo kwinjiza urumuri kiri hasi ku burebure bw'urumuri bugufi (200-300 nm), ariko kiyongera cyane uko ubushyuhe bw'urumuri bwiyongera, bigaragaza ko PVC ishobora kwakirwa cyane n'urumuri rwa ultraviolet rurerure.

2. PE: Ingano nto y’ingufu zifata urumuri igaragaza ko PE ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kwakira urumuri rwa ultraviolet kandi ikaba irwanya urumuri rwa ultraviolet neza.

3. PS: Igipimo cyo kwinjiza umwuka kiri hagati, cyane cyane ko kwinjiza umwuka ari kinini mu rugero rwa 300-400 nm.

4. PC: Ifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ibintu bwinshi, cyane cyane mu rugero rwa ultraviolet rurerure (350-400 nm), aho igaragaza ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwinjiza ibintu.

5. PET: Ifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ibintu bwinshi, cyane cyane mu rugero rwa 300-400 nm aho kwinjiza ibintu ari ingenzi.

6. EPOXY: Ifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ibintu bwinshi, bigaragaza ko EPOXY ishobora kwangirika cyane ku rumuri rwa ultraviolet kandi ikunda gusaza.

 

II. Intangiriro kuriUV531- Imashini isanzwe ikoresha benzophenone ifata imirasire ya ultraviolet

Ifishi y'imiterere:

Uburyo bwo gukora: UV531 ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora ultraviolet bukoresha benzophenone. Uburyo bwo gukora ultraviolet bukoresha UV-531 (2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone) bushingiye ahanini ku buryo imiterere yayo ya molekile ihura n'urumuri rwa ultraviolet ikora.

Uburyo bwihariye ni ubu bukurikira:

1. Guhuza hydrogen mu maraso no gukora impeta ya chelate

Amatsinda ya karubonili na hydroxyl muri molekile ya UV-531 ashobora gukora imigozi ya hydrogen imbere mu turemangingo, bigatuma habaho impeta ya chelate. Iyi miterere iha electron cloud circulation yihariye, igatanga ishingiro ryo kwinjiza urumuri rwa ultraviolet.

2. Gufata ingufu za ultraviolet

Iyo molekile ihuye n'urumuri rwa ultraviolet rw'uburebure runaka, ifata ingufu maze ikinjira mu gihe cy'ibyishimo. Muri iki gihe, imitingito y'ubushyuhe bwa molekile irakomera, bigatuma imigozi ya hydrogen yo mu miringoti icika ndetse n'ifungurwa ry'impeta za chelate.

3. Guhindura no Kurekura Ingufu

Uburyo bwo gufungura impeta buhindura ingufu nyinshi z'urumuri rwa ultraviolet mo ubushyuhe cyangwa izindi ngufu nke (nk'ingufu zihindagurika), bityo bikabuza polymer kwinjiza ingufu za ultraviolet no gutera fotooxidation. Nyuma yaho, molekile isubira mu miterere yayo ya mbere kandi ishobora kwinjiza inshuro nyinshi urumuri rwa ultraviolet.

4. Guhagarara kw'amafoto n'ingaruka z'amagare

UV-531 ubwayo ifite ubushobozi bwo gufotora neza kandi ishobora gukurura no kurekura ingufu za ultraviolet mu buryo burambye. Ariko, mu bikorwa bifatika, imikorere yayo ishobora kwangirika buhoro buhoro bitewe no kuba yahuye n'ibidukikije igihe kirekire nka peroxide free radicals. Kubwibyo, ikunze gukoreshwa hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho bigabanya urumuri (nk'ibikoresho bigabanya urumuri bya amine) kugira ngo byongere imbaraga zo kurinda.

 

III. Ibyiza Bidasanzwe bya UV531 - Umurinzi w'Indwara Ikomeye yo Kurwanya Gusaza

1. Gufata neza cyane umugozi wa UV-B: UV531 yagenewe gufata umugozi wa UV-B (280-320 nm).

Iyi niyo migozi y'ingenzi ya UV itera gusaza kw'ibintu no gutwikwa n'izuba. UV531 ifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ibintu mu migozi ya UV-B, bigatuma ikwiriye cyane mu bihe bisaba uburinzi bukomeye.

2. Umucyo mwiza n'ubushyuhe bihamye

UV531 igumana imiterere ihamye ya shimi nubwo yahura n'urumuri n'ubushyuhe bwinshi igihe kirekire, bigatuma idapfa kubora kandi ikarinda uburinzi igihe kirekire.

3. Guhuza neza

UV531 ihura neza n'ibikoresho bitandukanye bya polymer (nka polyethylene, polypropylene, na polyvinyl chloride), bigatuma byoroha kuyitunganya no kuyishyiramo.

4. Kurengera no kubungabunga ibidukikije

UV531 yapimwe cyane mu burozi kandi nta ngaruka mbi ku bantu no ku bidukikije, yujuje amahame mpuzamahanga agenga ibidukikije kandi nta ngaruka mbi ishobora gukoreshwa mu gupfunyika ibiryo no mu kwisiga. Mu buryo bunyuranye, benzotriazoles na triazines zishobora guteza ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije bitewe no kuba hari halogens cyangwa ibindi bice byangiza. Urugero, ibintu bine bya phenolic benzotriazole (harimo UV-328, UV-327, UV-350, na UV-320) byatanzwe ku bihano bya REACH n'Ikigo cy'Uburayi gishinzwe imiti (ECHA).

 

IV. Ahantu ho Gukoresha 531 - Uburyo Bugari bwo Gukwirakwiza Ibikoresho Bitandukanye

UV-531, nk'inyongeramusaruro irwanya gusaza kandi ifite akamaro kanini, ifite uburyo bwinshi butandukanye bwo kuyikoresha. Ibi bikurikira ni byo bipimo by'ingenzi bya UV-531:

1. Inganda za pulasitiki