Intego nyamukuru zo kongeramo imiti yica udukoko mu byo kumesa ni ebyiri: kurinda imyenda no gukumira kwangirika k'uruhu guterwa na bagiteri. Muri iki gihe, imiti yica udukoko ikunze gukoreshwa mu isabune yo kumesa imyenda irimo ibyiciro bikurikira:

1. Udukoko twa bagiteri turimo chlorine

Triclocarban

Bitewe nuko yica kandi ikagabanya ingaruka kuri bagiteri za Gram-positive, bagiteri za Gram-negative, fungi, imisemburo, virusi, nibindi, ikoreshwa cyane nk'umuti wica bagiteri n'umuti urinda ubushyuhe mu byo kumesa, mu byo kwisiga, mu miti yica udukoko mu buvuzi, mu bintu bishya mu mwuka, mu myenda no mu ruhu, mu bicuruzwa bivamo impumuro mbi n'ibindi. Triclocarban ifite umuvuduko wihuta wo kwica bagiteri, ni nziza kandi ntigira uburozi, kandi ntishongera mu mazi. Iyo imaze gushyirwa ku ruhu cyangwa ku myenda ifite fibroids, ntiyoroshye kuyimesa mu gihe cyo kuyisukura, bityo ikomeza kugira ingaruka mbi ku mikorobe no ku mikorobe. Nk'umuti wica bagiteri wa anionic, triclocarban ifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza neza n'ubudahangarwa mu isabune, ihamye ku mucyo n'ubushyuhe, ntizahindura ibara ry'umuti, cyangwa ngo ihindure ibara ku myenda no ku ruhu. Ibizamini byagaragaje ko kongeramo triclocarban nta ngaruka nini bigira ku ngufu z'amazi zikoreshwa mu gusukura no gusohora ifuro, kandi ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubukonje. Ifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza neza n'uburyo bwa alkaline bukoreshwa mu masabune, bityo ikaba ikwiriye cyane cyane mu bikoresho byo kumesa nk'amasabune, imashini zo koza umubiri, shampoo, ifu yo kumesa, isabune yo kumesa n'imashini zo gukaraba intoki.

Triklosan

Triclosan, ifite izina rya siyansi "2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether" hamwe n'ifishi ya shimi C₁₂H₇Cl₃O₂, izwi kandi nka "triclosan". Mu bihe bisanzwe, ni ifu y'umweru cyangwa umweru idasa n'umweru ifite impumuro nke ya phenolic. Ntishongera mu mazi, yoroshye gushonga mu bisubizo bya alkaline no mu binyabutabire by'umwimerere, ifite ubwoko bwinshi bwo kwica no gukumira ingaruka ku bagiteri za Gram-positive, fungi, imisemburo na virusi (nk'umwijima wa hepatite A, hepatite B, virusi ya rabie, virusi itera SIDA). Ntitera uruhu ku ruhu kandi ikora neza ku bagiteri zirwanya imiti irwanya udukoko n'izidakira.

Nk'umuti wica udukoko twinshi, triclosan ikoreshwa cyane mu masabune meza yo kuvura/isabune z'isuku, amavuta yo kwisiga, imiti ihumanya ikirere/impumuro mbi y'ibirenge, imiti yica udukoko yoza intoki, imiti yica udukoko mu bisebe, imiti yica udukoko mu bikoresho by'ubuvuzi, imiti isukura mu maso/amavuta yo mu maso, imiti ihumura umwuka n'imiti igabanya ubushyuhe muri firigo. Ikoreshwa kandi mu kurangiza imyenda y'isuku no kuvura pulasitiki. Triclosan ifite isuku nyinshi ikoreshwa cyane mu miti yo kuvura amenyo n'imiti yo mu kanwa mu kuvura indwara ya gingivite, indwara y'umwijima n'ibisebe byo mu kanwa, hamwe n'ikigereranyo cya 0.05% kugeza 0.3%.

Diclosan

Izina ryayo rya shimi ni 4,4′-dichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether, mu magambo ahinnye nkaDiclosan DB-100Mu bihe bisanzwe, ni amazi y'umuhondo werurutse. Ntishobora gushonga mu mazi, ishonga mu bintu bishongesha ibinyabuzima n'ibisubizo bya surfactant, ishobora guhuzwa n'ibisubizo bya anionic, bitari ionic, amphoteric na cationic, ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bugera kuri 200°C kandi ikagira ubusugire bwiza mu bidukikije bya alkaline.Diclosan DB-100Ni umuti wica udukoko twinshi kandi wizewe kandi ukora neza, ufite ingaruka nziza zo gukumira udukoko twombi twa Gram-positive na Gram-negative. Ukwiriye gukoreshwa mu bikoresho byo mu rugo no mu myenda, mu gikoni cyangwa mu gusukura ahantu hakomeye. Ushobora gukoreshwa hamwe na bleach ikora mu gihe cyo gusukura, ariko ntuhindagurika iyo ubitswe igihe kirekire mu buryo bukomeye bwo gukaraba (bleach ikora). Ingano y'isabune yo kumesa ni ≤ 0.6%.

Muri iki gihe, imiti myinshi irwanya udukoko ku isoko irimo triclosan na triclocarban. Ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe bwatanzwe n’Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n’imiti muri Amerika (FDA) bwerekana ko kumara igihe kirekire umuntu ahura n’ibintu bimwe na bimwe bikora mu miti irwanya udukoko, nka triclosan na triclocarban, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kutubahiriza imiti cyangwa urugero rw’imisemburo mu mubiri w’umuntu, bigatera ingaruka ku buzima. Iyi nkuru yateje igihu ku buryo abaguzi babona umutekano wa triclosan na triclocarban, bigabanya kwakira iyo miti. Kubera ko diclosan ifite atome imwe ya chlorine nkeya kurusha triclosan, ntabwo ibabaza umubiri w’umuntu bityo ikaba ifite ubushake bwo gusimbura triclosan.

2. Udukoko twa bagiteri twa phenolic

Chloroxylenol (PCMX)

Izina ryayo ry’ibinyabutabire ni 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, mu magambo make PCMX. Ni umuti uvura bagiteri ukoresha uburyo bwinshi, wizewe kandi ufite imiterere myinshi. Ugira ingaruka mbi ku bagiteri nyinshi za Gram-positive, negative, fungi na moulds, ntutera umujinya, kandi ni umuti uvura bagiteri nkeya. Ushobora gukoreshwa cyane nk'umuti uvura mildew na bagiteri mu miti yica udukoko cyangwa mu bikoresho byo kwita ku buzima bwite, nka shampoos zirwanya dandruff, oza intoki, amasabune n'indi sabuni ivura bagiteri. Yemejwe na FDA yo muri Amerika, PCMX ni wo muti uvura bagiteri ukundwa cyane ufite nibura 0.5%, kandi ushobora gushonga n'amazi ku gipimo cya 1:120 iyo ukoreshejwe. Chloroxylenol ntishobora gukoreshwa n'imiti idafite ionic na methylcellulose. Muri iki gihe, imiti myinshi ivura bagiteri cyangwa isabune ivura bagiteri ku isoko yongeyeho uyu muti.

2,4-Dichloro-3,5-dimethylphenol (DCMX)

DCMX ni ifu y'umukara cyangwa umuhondo werurutse cyangwa ifu ya kristu ifite impumuro yihariye, ifite aho ishongesha ya 92-95°C, igoye gushonga mu mazi, kandi yoroshye gushonga mu bintu nka ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol n'ibindi bintu bishongesha bikomoka ku bimera. Ni umuti uvura udukoko mwinshi, ufite imiterere myinshi kandi ukomeye. Uyu muti ufite ingaruka zikomeye zo kwica no gukumira ubwoko burenga 10 bwa mikorobe zitera indwara, kandi ukoreshwa cyane mu mirima isanzwe cyangwa idasanzwe yo kwica udukoko, ndetse no gukumira ibihumyo mu nganda z'uruhu.

Mu gihe cyo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ya phenolic, ibice byayo byica bagiteri ntibishongeshwa mu mazi, bigatuma byoroha gukora phenol mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha. Phenol ni ikintu kizwi ku isi cyose gitera kanseri, gitera umwanda ukomeye w’ibidukikije kandi giteza ingaruka zimwe na zimwe mu ikoreshwa.

3. Ibindi

2-Phenoxyethanol (EPH/EP)

2-Phenoxyethanol, izwi kandi nka ethylene glycol monophenyl ether cyangwa phenoxyethanol, ni umuti urwanya bagiteri ukoreshwa mu buryo bwagutse ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ufite imiterere yo gukora neza, umutekano, uburozi buke, udatera ubushyuhe kandi nta mwanda uhumanya, kandi ushobora gukoreshwa mu kurwanya ingese no gutoseza mu buvuzi, mu mavuta yo kwisiga, mu byo koza mu ngo, ndetse no mu gusukura no kubungabunga imisatsi n'amavuta yo kwisiga. 2-Phenoxyethanol imaze igihe kinini ikoreshwa mu buryo bwagutse kandi bwiza, ni nziza kandi ntitera ubushyuhe ku mubiri w'umuntu, ishobora kugenzura neza bagiteri, imisemburo n'ibihumyo, kandi igira ingaruka zigaragara zo guhuza iyo ikoreshejwe hamwe n'ibindi bintu bikora ku mikorobe. Nk'umuti urwanya bagiteri utari uwoni, EPH ifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza neza no kudahinduka mu buryo bwa formula, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu rugero rwa pH (pH 2-12). Ifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza neza no kudahinduka mu buryo bwa alkaline bukunze gukoreshwa mu masabune, kandi ikoreshwa nk'umuti urwanya bagiteri n'umuti uhumanya ukoreshwa cyane mu bihugu by'i Burayi na Amerika.

Niba ufite ibisabwa mu gukaraba imiti yica udukoko, gira ubuntu bwoTwandikireigihe icyo ari cyo cyose.