I. Amagambo n'ibisobanuro

Umucyo w'izuba urimo urumuri rwinshi rwa ultraviolet (UV), rufite uburebure bw'uburebure bwa nm 290-460, ibyo bikaba byangiza ibintu bifite amabara. Uru rumuri rwa ultraviolet rushobora kwangiza ibintu bifite amabara. Gukoresha ibyuma bigabanya imirasire ya UV bishobora gukumira cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka mbi z'imirasire ya UV ku bintu birinzwe.

Imashini ifata UV ni icyuma gifata urumuri gifata igice cy'imirasire ya UV n'urumuri rwa fluorescent nta gihindutse ubwacyo. Mu gihe cy'izuba n'urumuri rwa fluorescent, pulasitiki n'izindi polymers zihura n'ingaruka za auto-oxidation bitewe n'imikorere y'imirasire ya UV, bigatuma polymer yangirika kandi ikangirika, bigatuma isura mbi n'imiterere mibi ya mekanike. Kongeramo ibyuma bifata UV bihitamo iyi mirasire ya UV ifite ingufu nyinshi, bigahinduramo ingufu zitagize ingaruka mbi zirekurwa cyangwa zikoreshwa. Kubera ko polymers zitandukanye zifite uburebure butandukanye bwa UV butera kwangirika, ibyuma bitandukanye bifata UV bikura uburebure butandukanye bwa UV. Kubwibyo, icyuma gifata UV gikwiye kigomba gutoranywa hashingiwe ku bwoko bwa polymer ikoreshwa.

II. Ishyirwa mu byiciro n'imikorere y'ibinyabutabire bikuramo imirasire ya ultraviolet

Ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe bw'imirasire y'izuba bigomba kuba byujuje ibi bikurikira:

① Ishobora gukurura cyane imirasire ya ultraviolet (cyane cyane imirasire ya ultraviolet ifite uburebure bwa 290 ~ 400nm); ② Ifite ubushyuhe bwiza kandi ntizahinduka bitewe n'ubushyuhe ndetse no mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya, hamwe n'ubushyuhe buke; ③ Ifite ubuziranenge bwiza kandi ntigira ingaruka mbi ku bice bigize icyo gicuruzwa; ④ Ifite ubushyuhe bwiza kandi ishobora gukwirakwira mu gikoresho kimwe idakura cyangwa ngo imene; ⑤ Ifite ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukurura ibintu ifite ubuziranenge bwiza, ntibora, kandi ntihindura ibara; ⑥ Nta ibara, ntabwo ari uburozi, kandi nta mpumuro; ⑦ Irashobora kumeswa; ⑧ Irahendutse kandi iraboneka byoroshye.

Udupira twa Benzotriazole UV dukoreshwa cyane mu Bushinwa, ariko utwuma twa triazine UV dukoresha utwuma duto cyane tugaragaza imikorere myiza kurusha benzotriazole. Utwuma twa Triazine dufite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kwinjiza UV, hamwe n'ibindi byiza, bigatuma dukoreshwa cyane muri polymer. Dufite ubushobozi bwo kudahindagurika cyane mu bushyuhe, kudahindagurika neza mu gutunganya, no kudahangana n'aside. Mu mikoreshereze ifatika, utwuma twa triazine UV dukoresha utwuma duto cyane tugaragaza ingaruka nziza zo guhuza utwuma twa amine dutinzwe; iyo dukoreshejwe hamwe, dutanga umusaruro mwiza kuruta iyo dukoreshejwe ukwatwo.

III. Udukoresho twinshi dusanzwe dufata imirasire ya ultraviolet

(1) Ibikomoka ku ihinduka rya o-nitroaniline na p-cresol

Igaragara nk'amakristaro y'umuhondo utagira ibara cyangwa umuhondo werurutse. Irashonga mu bintu byinshi bya organic nka lisansi, benzene, na acetone. Ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gushonga mu mazi kandi ntibongerana na alkali cyangwa aside nyinshi. Ishobora gukorana na iyoni z'icyuma gikomeye kugira ngo ikore umunyu. Ishobora kwinjiza urumuri rwa ultraviolet hamwe n'uburebure bwa 270-280 nm. Aho ishongesha ni 130-131℃.

Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu mabuye nka polyester, polyester ifite chlorine, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, plexiglass, na polyacrylonitrile. Igaragaza ubuziranenge bwiza mu bicuruzwa bibonerana kurusha mu bicuruzwa bifite ibara. Igipimo mu bicuruzwa byarangiye ni ≤0.5%.

(2) 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (UV-9)

Ifu y'umuhondo werurutse cyangwa umweru utukura. Ubucucike 1.324 g/cm³. Aho gushonga 62-66℃. Aho kubira 150-160℃ (0.67 kPa), 220℃ (2.4 kPa). Ishongeshwa mu bintu byinshi bishongeshwa nk'ibikomoka ku bimera nka asetone, ketone, benzene, methanol, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, na ethanol; ntishongeshwa mu mazi. Gushonga (g/100g, 25℃) mu bintu bimwe na bimwe bishongeshwa ni ibi bikurikira: benzene 56.2, n-hexane 4.3, ethanol (95%) 5.8, tetrachloride karubone 34.5, styrene 51.2, DOP 18.7.

Nk'icyuma gifata imirasire ya UV, kibereye pulasitiki zitandukanye nka polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyester idafite amazi, ABS resin, na cellulose resin. Ingano ntarengwa y'uburebure bw'umurambararo ni 280 ~ 340nm, kandi ingano isanzwe ni 0.1% ~ 1.5%. Gifite ubushyuhe bwiza kandi ntigishonga kuri 200℃. Iki gicuruzwa ntigifata urumuri rugaragara, bigatuma gikwirakwira ku bikoresho bifite ibara ryoroheje kandi bibonerana. Gishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu irangi no mu byuma by'ubukorikori.

(3) 2-Hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone (UV-531)

Ifu y'umuhondo cyangwa umweru utukura. Ubucucike 1.160 g/cm³ (25℃). Aho ishongesha 48 ~ 49℃. Ishongesha muri acetone, benzene, ethanol, na isopropanol; ishongesha gato muri dichloroethane; ntishongesha mu mazi. Ishongesha (g/100g, 25℃) mu bintu bimwe na bimwe by'umushongi ni: acetone 74, benzene 72, methanol 2, ethanol (95%) 2.6, n-heptane 40, n-hexane 40.1, amazi 0.5.

Nk'icyuma gifata urumuri rwa UV, gifata cyane urumuri rwa ultraviolet hamwe n'uburebure bwa 270-330 nm. Gishobora gukoreshwa mu mapulasitiki atandukanye, cyane cyane polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, ABS resin, polycarbonate, na polyvinyl chloride. Gihura neza na resin kandi ntigihinduka cyane. Igipimo gisanzwe ni 0.1% kugeza kuri 1%. Gifite ingaruka nziza zo guhuza iyo gikoreshejwe hamwe n'ingano nto ya 4,4-thiobis (6-tert-butyl-p-cresol). Iki gicuruzwa gishobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'ikintu gitera imbaraga mu gusiga urumuri mu mabara atandukanye.

(4) 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′,5′-di-tert-phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole (UV-327) ni imashini ifata UV ifite imiterere isa kandi ikoreshwa na benzotriazole UV-326. Ifata cyane urumuri rwa ultraviolet hamwe n'uburebure bwa 270 ~ 380nm, ifite ubushobozi bwo kudahinduka neza mu binyabutabire, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kudahinduka cyane. Ikorana neza na polyolefins. Ikwiriye cyane polyethylene na polypropylene. Byongeye kandi, ishobora no gukoreshwa muri polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyoxymethylene, polyurethane, polyurethane idafite amazi, ABS resin, epoxy resin, cellulose resin, nibindi. Iki gicuruzwa gifite ubushobozi bwo kudahinduka neza mu bushyuhe, gishobora gukaraba, kidashira mu mwuka, kandi kigakomeza kubika neza. Gifite ingaruka nziza zo guhuza iyo gikoreshejwe hamwe na antioxydants. Kikoreshwa mu kunoza uburyo thermo-oxidative ihamye mu bicuruzwa.

(5) Resorcinol monobenzoate ni ifu yera ya kristu. Aho ishonga ni 132 ~ 135℃. Ubucucike bw'umubyimba ni 0.68 g / cm³ (20%). Ishongeshwa muri acetone na ethanol, ishongeshwa gato muri benzene, amazi, n-heptane, nibindi. Nk'umuti utuma urumuri rwa UV rudahinduka, imikorere yayo isa n'iy'umuti utuma urumuri rudahinduka ushingiye kuri benzophenone. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri polyvinyl chloride, cellulose resin, na polystyrene, akenshi ku gipimo cya 1% kugeza kuri 2%.