Dulmar guud oo ku saabsan codsigawakiilada isku xidhka resin amino
Doorka ugu weyn ee resins-ka amino (melamine-formaldehyde, benzomelamine-formaldehyde, iyo resins urea-formaldehyde) ee dahaarka thermosetting waa in la isku xidho molecules-ka ugu muhiimsan ee sameeya filimka qaab-dhismeedka shabakad saddex-geesood ah iyada oo loo marayo falgallada kiimikada. Qaab-dhismeedka shabakaddan waxaa laga helaa falcelinta molecules-ka amino resin kooxaha shaqeynaya ee ku jira molecules-ka walxaha sameeya filimka, iyo isla mar ahaantaana iyada oo loo marayo polymerization-ka isku-dhafka ah ee leh molecules-ka kale ee resin amino. Resins-ka amino si fudud ayuu ula falgalaa polymers-ka ka kooban kooxaha hydroxyl ee aasaasiga ah iyo kuwa sare, kooxaha carboxyl, iyo kooxaha amide; sidaas darteed, resins-ka amino waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa nidaamyada rinjiga oo ku salaysan resins acrylic, polyester, alkyd, ama epoxy.
Xabagta amino waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa nidaamyada polyurethane sida waxyaabaha lagu daro dahaarka si loo hagaajiyo waxqabadka guud ee dahaarka ee codsiyada qaarkood.
Mabda'a resins-ka amino:
Muhiimadda ay amino resins-ku u leeyihiin dubista varnish-ka ayaa aad uga badan saamiga ay ku leeyihiin dahaarka. Fahmidda sida loo isticmaalo sifooyinka kiimikada ee amino resins-ka marka la samaynayo naqshadaynta dahaarka ayaa sii kordheysa muhiimaddeeda. Tusaale ahaan,Haddii qaacidooyinka dahaarka aysan ku qanacsanayn sifooyinka qaarkood ee filimka dahaarka, waxay ku hagaajin karaan hababka soo socda:
1. Hagaajinta ama dib u xulashada resin-ka sameeya filimka laftiisa;
2. Xulashada amino resins (methyl etherification ama butyl etherification, iyo xulashada heerka etherification, iwm.);
3. Saamiga resin-ka sameeya filimka iyo resin-ka amino.
4. Xulashada Kataliyeyaasha (in lagu daro iyo in kale, iyo inta lagu darayo).
Afarta qodob ee kor ku xusan oo dhan, marka laga reebo kii hore,waxay la xiriiraan resinada amino. Sifooyinka resinada amino waxay ku xiran yihiin kooxahooda shaqeynaya iyo waxqabadkooda.sidaas darteed, fahamka qaab-dhismeedka amino resins waa muhiim. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka hor inta aan la fahmin amino resins, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la fahmo aasaaska resins-ka martida loo yahay ee loo isticmaalo marka la isku daro.
Sida hore loo soo sheegay, amino resins-ka waxaa ugu horreyn laga helaa birta.waxaa loo isticmaalaa isku darka resins alkyd, resins acrylic, resins polyester, iyo resins epoxy. Resins-ka alkyd waxaa ugu horreyn laga sameeyaa polyols iyo polyacid resins iyada oo loo marayo esterification. Inta lagu jiro isku-darka, alkoholadu guud ahaan way ka badan yihiin; qaar ka mid ah kooxaha carboxyl ee polyacids-ka ayaa laga yaabaa inaysan si buuxda u falcelin, taasoo keenta resins-ka alkyd oo ka kooban xaddi gaar ah oo ah kooxaha carboxyl iyo hydroxyl. Qadarka kooxaha carboxyl iyo hydroxyl waxaa badanaa lagu gartaa qiimaha aashitada iyo qiimaha hydroxyl. Qiimaha aashitada waxaa loola jeedaa tirada milligrams-ka KOH ee loo baahan yahay si loo dhexdhexaadiyo 1g oo resin adag ah iyada oo loo marayo titration-ka KOH. Qiimaha Hydroxyl waxaa loola jeedaa tirada milligrams-ka KOH ee loo baahan yahay si gebi ahaanba looga takhaluso kooxaha OH ee 1g oo resin adag ah iyada oo loo marayo titration-ka KOH. Sidoo kale, resins-ka polyester-ka, resins-ka acrylic-ka, iyo resins-ka amino-ka ayaa sidoo kale ka kooban xaddi gaar ah oo ah kooxaha carboxyl iyo hydroxyl. Farqiga wuxuu ku jiraa walxaha ceeriin ee loo isticmaalo in lagu sameeyo resins-ka; tusaale ahaan, kooxaha carboxyl ee resins-ka acrylic waxay ka yimaadaan aashitada acrylic-ka, kooxaha hydroxyl-na waxay ka yimaadaan aashitada hydroxyacrylic. Tirada kooxaha carboxyl iyo hydroxyl ee ku jira resins-ka amino sidoo kale way kala duwan yihiin. Qiimaha aashitada, qiimaha hydroxyl, iyo viscosity-gu dhammaantood waa tilmaameyaal muhiim ah oo resins-ka ah, kuwaas oo si toos ah u saameeya waxqabadkooda.
Markaan u soo laabano mowduuca amino resins-ka, aan marka hore eegno qaab-dhismeedkooda:
Jaantuska 1aad:
Jaantuska 2aad
Jaantuska 1aad wuxuu muujinayaa resin amino ah oo qayb ahaan alkylated ah oo ka kooban kooxo alkoxy, imino, iyo hydroxymethyl ah. Haddii aan u aragno giraanta lixda xubnood ka kooban ee ay sameeyeen atamka kaarboon iyo nitrogen inay yihiin qalfoof, laamaha ama qaab-dhismeedka laga soo qaatay waxaa si maldahan loogu tilmaami karaa inay leeyihiin saddex madax iyo lix gacmood. Kala duwanaanshaha badan ee sifooyinka resin amino waxay si sax ah ugu xiran yihiin kala duwanaanshaha lixda "gacmaha" iyo habayntooda iyo isku-darka adag.
Jaantuska 2aad wuxuu muujinayaa qaab-dhismeed HMMM oo aad u siman, tusaale ahaan, resin amino oo si buuxda u methylated ah, oo leh hal koox oo keliya oo shaqaynaysa: kooxda methoxy, taas oo la isku halayn karo. Maadaama heerka etherification uusan gaari karin 1:6 (kan ugu sarreeya) wax soo saarka dhabta ah, waxa loogu yeero resin amino oo si buuxda u methylated ah ayaa had iyo jeer ku jiri doona kooxo imino iyo hydroxymethyl ah.
Aan ku bilowno fahamka mabaadi'da amino resins si aan wax uga baranno sifooyinkooda:
Tallaabada ugu horreysa ee lagu sameeyo isku-darka resin-ka waa in melamine lagu falceliyo formaldehyde iyadoo la joogo kiciye si uu u sameeyo polyhydroxymethyl melamine. Dhammaan atamka hydrogen-ka firfircoon ee ku jira giraanta triazine waxaa loo rogi karaa kooxo hydroxymethyl ah, laakiin dhab ahaantii, waa 2 ilaa 6 moles oo formaldehyde ah oo ka falceliya giraanta triazine. Atamyada hydrogen-ka firfircoon ee aan falcelinta lahayn ee soo haray waxaa matalaya kooxo imino ah. Sida aan arki doonno hadhow, kooxahani waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan habka bogsashada iyada oo loo marayo polymerization-ka is-isku-dhafka ah.
Melamine-ka Polyhydroxymethyl aad ayuu u deggan yahay wuxuuna leeyahay milmi xaddidan oo ku jira dareerayaasha dahaarka caadiga ah. Resins-ka Amino waxay inta badan u shaqeeyaan sidii wakiillo isku xidha oo bogsiiya dahaarka. Si loo abuuro wakiil isku xidha oo ku habboon dahaarka, kooxda hydroxymethyl waxaa badanaa lagu ether gareeyaa khamri silsilad gaaban ah si loo yareeyo falgalkeeda loona hagaajiyo iswaafajinta walxaha sameeya filimada caadiga ah iyo dareerayaasha aliphatic. Methanol iyo butanol waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa sidii alkohols silsilad gaaban ah. Iyadoo la xakameynayo xaddiga methanol ama butanol lagu daray iyo xaalado kale, resins-ka amino-ga oo leh heerar kala duwan oo etherification ah ayaa la heli karaa.
Kaliya goobaha ka falceliyay formaldehyde (kooxaha hydroxymethyl) waxaa lagu dabooli karaa alkohol; atamka haydarojiinta aan falcelinta lahayn (kooxaha imino) kuma falceliyaan alkoholiyada silsiladda gaaban. Intaa waxaa dheer, falcelintani waxay muujinaysaa in dhammaan lixda kooxood ee hydroxymethyl ay la falgalaan alkoholiska si ay u sameeyaan hexaalkoxymethyl melamine, taasoo la micno ah in falcelinta hal ilaa lix kooxood oo hydroxymethyl ah oo leh alkoholiska dhab ahaantii la xakameyn karo. Tani waa sababta aan u leenahay noocyo kala duwan oo ah amino resins.
Is-polymerization resins-ka amino-ka :
Miisaanka molecular-ka ee amino resins-ka waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa heerka isku-buufinta amaisku xidhkau dhexeeya kooxaha shaqeynaya (imino, hydroxymethyl, alkoxymethyl) ee giraanta triazine iyo molecules-ka melamine. Dhammaadka codsiyada, heerka polymerization-ka isku-xidhka ah wuxuu si weyn u saameeyaa miisaanka molecular-ka ee amino resin-ka iyo waxqabadka filimka dahaarka.
Falcelinta is-qabsiga ee amino resins waxay ku dhici kartaa marinnada soo socda:
Jaantuska 3aad:
Falcelinta bidixda waxay samaysaa buundo methylene ah, halka falgalka midig uu sameeyo buundo methylene ether ah. Heerka buundada ee amino resins-ka waxaa badanaa lagu muujiyaa heerka polymerization (DP): DP = miisaanka molecular / miisaanka giraan kasta oo triazine ah. Amino resins-kii hore waxay inta badan is-polymerizing ahaayeen, iyadoo DP > 3.0. Horumarka tignoolajiyada ayaa suurtogal ka dhigay in la yareeyo isku-buuqa isku-buuqa ee amino resins-ka la dhammeeyey. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, resins-ka melamine-ka ee ganacsi ahaan la heli karo waxay leeyihiin DPs oo hooseeya ilaa 1.1.
Saamaynta ugu weyn ee miisaanka molecular-ka amino resin waxaa lagu muujiyaa dahaarka dahaarka. Resin-ka Melamine-ka leh DP > 2.0 waa in lagu qaso dareere ilaa 50% – 80% adag si loo gaaro dahaarka ku habboon. Resin-ka melamine-ka nooca Monomer-ka leh DP u dhexeeya 1.1 iyo 1.5 waxaa badanaa lagu bixiyaa qaab adag oo 100% waxtar leh; dareereyaal dheeraad ah ayaa saameyn weyn ku leh VOC-yada dahaarka la dhammeeyay. Miisaanka molecular-ka ee resin-ka amino sidoo kale wuxuu saameeyaa falcelinta dahaarka iyo sifooyinka filimka. Nidaamka dahaarka oo isticmaalaya resin amino-ka sare leh wuxuu gaari doonaa cufnaanta isku xidhka ee la cayimay waqti gaaban marka loo eego nidaamka dahaarka oo isticmaalaya resin amino oo leh qaab isku mid ah laakiin DP hoose. Sidaa darteed, dahaarka oo ka kooban wakiillo isku xidhka sare leh waxay u baahan yihiin kiciye yar ama kiciye aashito daciif ah si loo gaaro xaalad isku mid ah oo dahaarka ah. Saamaynta miisaanka molecular-ka ee sifooyinka filimka ayaa inta badan ku jira heerka dabacsanaanta. Dahaarka lagu daaweeyay resin-ka amino-ka sare leh waxay ka kooban yihiin boqolkiiba sare oo ah xidhmooyinka amino-amino iyo xidhmooyin amino-lacquer yar. Noocan qaab-dhismeedka shabakadda isku xidhka ah wuxuu sameeyaa dahaar adag oo wanaagsan laakiin wuu jabi karaa. Tan mararka qaarkood waxaa lagu magdhabi karaa iyadoo la dooranayo resin rinji oo dabacsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, codsiyada u baahan dahaarka aadka u dabacsan guud ahaan waxay u baahan yihiin resin amino monomeric.
Polyesters-ka ka kooban kooxaha carboxyl waxay la falgeli karaan melamine-formaldehyde si ay u soo saaraan dahaadh dusha sare oo thermosetting ah oo waxtar leh oo leh sifooyin badan oo jireed.
Resins badan oo melamine-formaldehyde ah oo butylated ah ayaa ganacsi ahaan waxtar u leh, ugu horreyn sababtoo ah kala duwanaanshaha heerka bilowga ah ee polymerization (miisaanka molecular) iyo saamiga kooxaha alkoxy iyo kuwa aan lahayn kooxaha hydroxymethyl iyo amino hydrogens. Kala duwanaanshahani wuxuu saameeyaa viscosity dareere ah, iswaafajinta melamine iyo polyester, iyo xawaaraha bogsashada ee enamelka. Resins-ka melamine-ka dhaqameed, oo la falgala kooxaha hydroxyl ee dhinaca, ayaa inta badan isku xidha molecules-ka polyester-ka. Maadaama falcelinta isku xidhka ay aashito ku jirto, heerkulka bogsashada u dhexeeya 120°C iyo 150°C, aashitada xooggan waxay caadi ahaan saameeyaan falcelinta isku xidhka ee resins-ka polyester-ka; si kastaba ha ahaatee, polyester-yada qaarkood waxay u baahan yihiin katalis dheeraad ah oo aashito ah oo aad u daciif ah si loo daaweeyo nidaamka enamelka.
Dhacdadan soo socota ayaa jirta: Marka laga soo tago falcelinta isku xidhka ee melamine-polyester, resin-ka butylated melamine-formaldehyde sidoo kale wuxuu maraa falcelin is-isku-xidhka. Taasi waa, resin-ka amino wuxuu maraa is-isku-xidhka si uu u sameeyo qaab-dhismeed shabakad melamine ah. Falgalkan wuxuu dhacaa isla mar ahaantaas oo uu la falgalo falgalka melamine-polyester waana falgal is-barbar socda. Sababta falgalkan ayaa ah, marka laga soo tago kooxaha butoxy, resin-ka butylated melamine-formaldehyde sidoo kale wuxuu ka kooban yahay kooxo hydrocarbon methyl oo bilaash ah iyo hydrogen ka yimid kooxaha imino, kuwaas oo dhammaantood isku falgali kara. Marka resin-ka amino uu maro is-isku-xidhka, wuxuu waayi doonaa qaar ka mid ah shaqooyinkiisa.
In kasta oo isku-xidhka is-dhaafsiga badanaa uu dahaarka siiyo adkaansho iyo iska caabin kiimiko, haddana waxay keentaa lumis weyn oo dabacsanaan ah. Si loo helo dabacsanaan ku filan oo ku jirta varnish-yada polyester-ka...
Hexamethoxymethyl melamine (HMMM) waa resin amino monomeric ah oo si buuxda u hydroxymethylated ah oo si buuxda u methylated ah. Sida melamine-formaldehyde oo butylated ah, waxay martaa falgal isku xidha kooxaha hydroxyl ee resin polyester marka la kululeeyo, taasoo samaysa mid adag oo aan jilcinayn. Asal ahaan, iyada oo aan lahayn kiciye aashito ah, HMMM ma mari doonto is-isku xidha xitaa haddii ay dheeraato ama heerkulku kordho. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, HMM badan waxay mari doontaa falgal isku xidha 150°C iyadoo ay joogaan kiciye aashito ah oo xooggan. Taas beddelkeeda, xitaa haddii aysan jirin aashito xooggan, melamine-ka caadiga ah ee butylated iyo resins-ka urea waxay mari doonaan falgal isku xidha oo xooggan oo leh heerkul kordhaya.
Falcelinta daaweynta ee amino resins:
Maadaama resinada amino loo isticmaalo in lagu xidho molecules-ka ugu muhiimsan ee sameeya filimada qaab-dhismeedka shabakadda, falcelinta isku-dhafka ah ee resinada amino iyo resinada rinjiga ayaa xiiso weyn leh. Tusaale caadi ah waa falcelinta etherification (is-weydaarsiga).kooxaha hydroxyl ee ku jira resins-ka rinjiga iyo kooxaha alkoxymethyl ee ku jira resins-ka amino.
Marka ay jiraan xaaladaha kulaylka iyo kiciyaha aashitada (badanaa xaaladaha bogsashada), isku-xidhka ayaa si degdeg ah u dhaca, isagoo isku xiraya dhammaan kooxaha hydroxyl ee laga heli karo rinjiga. Xaqiiqdii, marka qaab-dhismeedka shabakadda polymer-ka uu sameysmo, dareeraha fal-celiyeyaasha ayaa hoos u dhaca, taasoo ka dhigaysa kooxo hydroxyl ah oo aan falcelin lahayn. Guud ahaan, marka xad-dhaaf ah oo resin amino ah uu ku jiro dahaarka marka la barbar dhigo saamiga ugu habboon, kooxaha alkoxy ee soo haray waxay ka qayb qaadan karaan fal-celin kale ama waxay ku sii jiri karaan filimka dahaarka. Sida hore loo soo sheegay, resins-ka amino si fudud ayuu isu-xidhaa oo wuu is-qabsadaa, taasoo keenta koror miisaanka molecular inta lagu jiro wax soo saarka. Fal-celintani waxay sidoo kale dhacdaa inta lagu jiro bogsashada dahaarka. Sidaa darteed, halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd arrin taban, heer gaar ah oo isku-xidhka resins-ka amino ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah helitaanka matrix polymer oo si fiican u waara, oo si adag loo buuxiyay. Saddexda kooxood ee shaqeynaya ee resins-ka amino waxay ka qayb qaataan fal-celinta is-isku-xidhka, iyo dahaarka resin melamine-ka alkylated oo si buuxda u kiciya aashitada xooggan, waxaa jira caddayn muujinaysa in fal-celintani ay dhacaan ka dib is-weydaarsiga ether-ka ee resin-ka dahaarka. Maqnaanshaha kiciyeyaasha dibadda ama kiciyeyaasha aashitada daciifka ah, falgalladan is-isku-xidhka ah waxay si aad ah uga dhacaan nidaamyada resin melamine oo leh shaqo imino/ama hydroxymethyl oo sareysa. Labada xaaladoodba, falcelin yar oo is-polymerization ah ayaa muhiim u ah sameynta qaab-dhismeed shabakadeed oo wanaagsan.
Inta lagu jiro daaweynta dahaarka isku xidha amino resin, falcelinta kale ee dhacda waa ka saarista formaldehyde iyo hydrolysis. Ka saarista formaldehyde si fudud ayay u dhacdaa heerkulka caadiga ah ee bogsashada, taas oo ah ku dhawaad sababta kaliya ee loo sii daayo formaldehyde inta lagu jiro bogsashada resins-ka amino; formaldehyde-ka kale waa formaldehyde xor ah.
Marka resinada amino ay isku xidhmaan si ay u sameeyaan filimaan oo ay u bogsadaan, falcelinta hydrolysis-ka qaarkood ayaa dhacda. Inta lagu jiro hawshan, kooxaha alkoxymethyl qaarkood ayaa loo beddelaa kooxo hydroxymethyl ah. Hydrolysis-ka resinada melamine-ka oo leh waxyaabo badan oo imino ama hydroxymethyl ah waxaa lagu kicin karaa alkalis, xitaa si tartiib tartiib ah ayay u dhici kartaa heerkulka qolka. Tani waxay ka dhigaysaa resinada amino-ka inay u nugul yihiin inay is-isku xidhmaan, taasoo horseedaysa kororka viscosity-ka dahaarka inta lagu jiro kaydinta. Si looga fogaado tan, resinada melamine-ka ee si buuxda loo methylated ama kuwa isku-dhafka ah ee u adkaysta hydrolysis-ka alkali ayaa loo isticmaali karaa dahaarka biyaha ku salaysan. Resinada melamine-ka ee si buuxda loo alkylated waxay u adkaystaan hydrolysis-ka alkali-ka ee nidaamyada biyaha ku salaysan. Resinada melamine-ka ee si buuxda loo alkylated iyo qayb ahaan alkylated ma aha kuwo u adkaysta hydrolysis-ka aashitada ku salaysan nidaamyada biyaha ku salaysan; sidaa darteed, waa in la isticmaalaa kiciye aashito xiran nidaamka biyaha ku salaysan.
Haddii aad rabto inaad wax badan ogaatowakiilka iskutallaabtaalaabta, xor ayaad u tahay inaad nala soo xiriirto.
Waqtiga boostada: Diseembar-19-2025