1.Cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv hydrolysisfeem ntau yog tsom mus rau kev thaiv cov txheej txheem hydrolysis ntawm polyester polymers.

Hauv cov ntawv thov siv cov polymers uas muaj ester bonds, xws li PBT, PET, PLA, thiab polyurethanes (TPU, CPU), cov dej molecules yooj yim tawm tsam cov ester lossis urethane bonds hauv cov saw hlau molecular nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias siab thiab av noo. Qhov no ua rau cov saw hlau tawg thiab hydrolysis, txo qis hauv qhov hnyav molecular polymer, thiab yog li ntawd, brittleness, tawg, thiab poob ntawm kev ua tau zoo. Cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv hydrolysis yog siv los tawm tsam cov txheej txheem hydrolysis no. Cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv hydrolysis feem ntau yog muab faib ua ob pawg: reactive thiab lub cev. Cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv hydrolysis tshem tawm cov chaw pib lossis cov khoom ntawm hydrolysis los ntawm kev tshuaj lom neeg, sawv cev rau txoj kev tseem ceeb thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo heev. Cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv hydrolysis lub cev, ntawm qhov tod tes, thaiv lossis nqus cov dej noo los ntawm kev ua haujlwm lub cev.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua kom cov dej noo tsis koom nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg tab sis tiv thaiv kev nkag mus rau hauv cov dej noo los ntawm kev siv lub cev. Cov hom sawv cev suav nrog zeolites, calcium oxide (CaO), diatomaceous earth, silanes, thiab waxes. Zeolites thiab calcium oxide, los ntawm lawv cov qauv porous lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nqus thiab xauv cov dej noo uas polymer nqus thaum lub sijhawm ua thiab siv, feem ntau tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj vim muaj cov dej noo me me ua ntej ua (xws li kev txhaj tshuaj molding thiab extrusion), ua haujlwm ua cov khoom "desiccant". Silanes thiab waxes, ntawm qhov tod tes, tsiv mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom, tsim cov hydrophobic barrier, lossis nthuav dav txoj kev nkag mus rau hauv cov dej noo los ntawm cov txheej txheem fillers (xws li av nplaum), feem ntau tiv thaiv cov khoom nto.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua kom cov tshuaj reactive hydrolysis tuaj yeem ua rau cov pawg carboxyl (-COOH) ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov saw polymer lossis nrog cov pawg carboxyl uas tsim thaum lub sijhawm hydrolysis, cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem autocatalytic ntawm hydrolysis thiab yog li ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ruaj khov. Cov no feem ntau suav nrog carbodiimide, oxazoline, epoxy, thiab aziridine hydrolysis inhibitors.

2. Carbodiimide yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab siv dav dav reactive hydrolysis inhibitor.

Carbodiimides tam sim no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis uas siv dav tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws. Lawv ua rau cov pawg carboxyl tsim los ntawm polymer hydrolysis los tsim N-acylurea ruaj khov, yog li tshem tawm cov catalyst rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis thiab cuam tshuam lub voj voog autocatalytic. Oxazoline derivatives, lwm chav kawm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis, muaj lub nplhaib oxazoline ua lawv cov pab pawg ua haujlwm. Lub nplhaib oxazoline tuaj yeem ua rau ob qho tib si carboxyl thiab hydroxyl pab pawg los tsim ester amides lossis diesters, yog li ua kom cov polymer xaus ruaj khov. Epoxy-functionalized polymers siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv siab ntawm cov pab pawg epoxy los muab kev ruaj khov. Cov pab pawg epoxy tuaj yeem ua rau cov carboxyl, hydroxyl, thiab txawm tias cov pab pawg amino, yog li capping cov pab pawg ua haujlwm no.

Rooj: Kev Sib Piv ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Hydrolysis Reactive

Hom tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis	carbodiimide	Cov polymers ua haujlwm epoxy	Oxazolinides
Lub Cev Tseem Ceeb	Nws cuam tshuam nrog cov pawg carboxyl tsim los ntawm hydrolysis los tsim cov N-acylurea ruaj khov, yog li cuam tshuam lub voj voog autocatalytic.	Nws pawg epoxy tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ntau pawg xws li carboxyl, hydroxyl, thiab amino pawg.	Nws lub nplhaib oxazoline tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov carboxyl thiab hydroxyl pawg.
Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb	●Kev tiv taus hydrolysis siab heev, nrog rau qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.	●Kev Ua Haujlwm Ntau Yam: Nws muab cov haujlwm ntawm kev txuas ntxiv ntawm cov saw hlau thiab kho cov molecules uas puas lawm ua ke.	● Kev ua haujlwm ob yam, nrog ntau yam kev siv
	Tus nqi ntxiv yog me me (0.5% -2.0%), nrog rau qhov cuam tshuam tsawg kawg nkaus rau cov khoom siv sab hauv.	● Ua kom lub zog yaj thiab viscosity zoo dua	● Siv tau ua ib qho khoom sib xws hauv qee lub tshuab.
	● Kev nyab xeeb zoo sib xws	● Kev sib raug zoo nrog cov polymers
Cov kev tsis zoo tseem ceeb	● Tus nqi kim heev	●Ua ib yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua kom dej tsis sib xyaw, nws txoj kev ua haujlwm tsis tshwj xeeb npaum li carbodiimide.	● Feem ntau cov nqi kim tshaj plaws
	● Feem ntau tsom rau cov pawg carboxyl; tsis cuam tshuam ncaj qha nrog cov pawg hydroxyl.	● Ntxiv ntau dhau yuav ua rau muaj kev sib txuas lossis gelation.	● Tsis muaj qhov zoo dua ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv cov ntawv thov dav dav
Cov ntawv thov ib txwm muaj	● Polyester: PBT, PET, PLA, PBAT	● Kev siv cov yas rov ua dua tshiab: Kho rPET, thiab lwm yam.	● Polyester (PET, PBT)
	● Polyurethane: TPU, CPU (cov hauv qab khau, cov kav dej, thiab lwm yam)	● Polyamide (Nylon)	●Polyamide
		● Cov tshuab Polyester uas xav tau kev ua kom tuab tib lub sijhawm	● Cov hlau polymer (ua ib qho khoom sib xws)

 

3. Carbodiimide thaiv cov txheej txheem hydrolysis los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog carboxylic acids los tsim cov qauv acylurea.

Cov polymers polyester tsis ruaj khov rau cov dej noo. Thaum muaj qhov kub thiab txias thiab av noo ntau, cov ester bonds hauv cov polymer ua rau dej, ua rau cov qauv ntev ntawm cov macromolecule tawg thiab tsim cov pawg carboxyl kawg. Cov pawg carboxyl kawg no tuaj yeem ionize H+ ions, ua rau cov tshuaj hydrolysis nrog acid ntau ntxiv, ua rau cov khoom siv ntau yam khoom siv tsawg dua thiab ua rau lub neej ua haujlwm luv dua. Cov tshuaj Carbodiimide, uas muaj cov pawg ua haujlwm carbodiimide (N=C=N), tuaj yeem ua rau cov pawg carboxyl tsim thaum lub sijhawm polymer hydrolysis los tsim cov qauv acylurea ruaj khov, tib lub sijhawm txo cov pawg carboxyl concentration thiab tiv thaiv kev hydrolysis ntxiv. Lawv yog cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv hydrolysis feem ntau siv tam sim no.

Cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv hydrolysis Carbodiimide muaj ntau yam thiab tuaj yeem faib ua ntau hom monomeric thiab polymeric. Cov tshuaj monomeric carbodiimide tsuas muaj ib pawg carbodiimide functional thiab yog cov tshuaj molecule me me. Cov tshuaj polymeric carbodiimide feem ntau muaj ob lossis ntau pawg carbodiimide functional, muaj qhov hnyav molecular siab, thiab koom nrog hom qauv polymer ntev.

Monomeric carbodiimidecov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv hydrolysisyog cov kua daj ci mus rau xim av lossis siv lead ua ntawm chav sov. Lawv yaj tau hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic tab sis tsis yaj hauv dej, thiab muaj qhov zoo xws li kev ntshiab siab, kev npaj yooj yim, thiab kev ua haujlwm siab. 2,6-Diisopropylphenyl) carbodiimide yog tus neeg sawv cev monomeric carbodiimide antihydrolysis feem ntau siv hauv khw.

 

Cov polymeric carbodiimides yog cov hmoov daj mus rau xim av lossis cov kua dej khov ntawm chav tsev kub, nrog rau qhov hnyav molecular feem ntau ntau dua 1000, thaum qhov hnyav molecular ntawm oligomers raug tswj hwm ntawm ib puag ncig 2000. Polymeric carbodiimides feem ntau tau txais los ntawm kev cuam tshuam diisocyanate monomers, catalysts, solvents, thiab cov neeg sawv cev kawg ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Ua ntej, cov diisocyanate monomers dhau los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke hauv qab catalyst kom tau txais prepolymer uas muaj ntau pawg carbodiimide thiab isocyanate kawg pawg. Tom qab ntawd, cov isocyanate pawg sib xyaw nrog cov hydrogen nquag los ntawm tus neeg sawv cev kawg-capping kom tau txais polycarbodiimides. Cov polycarbodiimides ib txwm tau txais los ntawm kev sib xyaw 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-1,5-diisocyanate thiab kawg-capping nrog 2,6-diisopropylphenyl monoisocyanate.

 

4. Cov chaw siv carbodiimide feem ntau

PET, ua cov khoom siv polyester feem ntau, muaj cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo heev, kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntev, kev tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg, thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, thiab siv dav hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, kev lag luam, kev tsim kho, kev kho mob, thiab kev lag luam tsheb. PET yog tsim los ntawm polycondensation ntawm PTA thiab ethylene glycol; cov ester bonds yog qhov yooj yim rau hydrolytic degradation, ua rau txo qis hauv polymer viscosity thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. PET hydrolysis txwv tsis pub siv nws cov khoom lag luam hauv qab kub, noo noo, lossis sab nraum zoov. Kev tshawb fawb cuam tshuam tau pom tias kev koom ua ke monomeric anti-hydrolysis agents rau hauv PET masterbatch los npaj cov qauv zaj duab xis txhim kho kev tiv thaiv cua sov, noo noo kub laus, thiab elongation thaum tawg ntawm cov khoom zaj duab xis. Aromatic carbodiimide qhia tau tias tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hydrolysis kev ua tau zoo.

Kev tsim cov polyurethane siv ntau yam monomers, tso cai rau kev tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab muaj cov txiaj ntsig xws li lub zog siab, kev tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam, kev tiv thaiv kub zoo, thiab yooj yim ntawm kev ua. Nws yog siv dav hauv cov nplaum, txheej, elastomers, cov yas ua npuas ncauj, thiab cov xov hluavtaws. Polyester-hom polyurethane yog npaj los ntawm oligomeric polyester polyols, uas muaj ntau cov ester bonds hauv lawv cov saw molecular, ua rau tsis muaj zog hydrolysis. Carbodiimide anti-hydrolysis agents muaj cov teebmeem tsis zoo rau polyurethane synthesis thiab tuaj yeem ntxiv rau polyester polyol thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov txheej txheem. Ntxiv mus, polymeric carbodiimides npaj los ntawm isocyanate condensation muaj -N = C = O kawg pawg, ua rau lawv koom nrog hauv kev tshuaj tiv thaiv los npaj hydrolysis-resistant polyurethane. Ntxiv mus, carbodiimides tuaj yeem ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm polyurethane blending. Cov kev tshawb fawb cuam tshuam tau qhia tias kev ntxiv ntawm carbodiimides tuaj yeem txo qis tus nqi acid pib ntawm polyester polyol, inhibit polyester hydrolysis, thiab txhim kho zoo hydrolysis tsis kam ntawm TPU.

Cov polymers biodegradable uas ua los ntawm polyester xws li PBAT, PLA, thiab polyglycolic acid (PGA) muaj kev sib raug zoo, biodegradability, kev nyab xeeb, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab cov khoom siv lub cev thiab lub cev zoo, qhia txog kev cog lus zoo hauv cov khoom siv kho mob, cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom, thiab kev ua liaj ua teb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv biodegradable no txhua tus raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev ruaj khov hydrolytic thiab thermal tsis zoo, yooj yim degradation thaum lub sijhawm ua, khaws cia, thiab siv, ua rau kev ua haujlwm poob qis thiab tsis ua tiav lawv lub neej xav tau. Carbodiimide tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm kev sib xyaw capping nrog cov pawg carboxyl kawg hauv cov saw molecular ntawm PBAT, PLA, thiab PGA los tsim cov qauv acylurea ruaj khov, tib lub sijhawm inhibiting hydrolysis thiab txhim kho thermal stability.

Carbodiimide-modified MDI (tseem hu ua liquefied MDI) yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom hloov kho tseem ceeb ntawm diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation ntawm MDI nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua ntawm ib qho catalyst los tsim cov carbodiimide pawg. Carbodiimide-modified MDI yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua kua ntawm chav tsev kub, yooj yim rau khaws cia, thiab muaj lub txee ntev. Tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov hydrolysis tsis kam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polyurethane.

Yog tias koj xav paub ntau ntxiv txog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hydrolysis, thov koj xav tiv tauj peb.tiv tauj peb.