1.Nā mea hana anti-hydrolysisʻO ka pahuhopu nui o ke ālai ʻana i ke kaʻina hana hydrolysis o nā polymers polyester.

I nā noi e hoʻohana ana i nā polymers e loaʻa ana nā pilina ester, e like me PBT, PET, PLA, a me polyurethanes (TPU, CPU), hoʻouka koke nā mole wai i nā pilina ester a i ʻole urethane i loko o ke kaulahao molekala ma lalo o nā kūlana mahana a me ka makū kiʻekiʻe. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ka haki ʻana o ke kaulahao a me ka hydrolysis, ka emi ʻana o ke kaumaha molekala polymer, a no laila, ka brittleness, ka haki ʻana, a me ka nalowale o ka hana. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea anti-hydrolysis e pale aku i kēia kaʻina hana hydrolysis. Ua māhele nui ʻia nā mea anti-hydrolysis i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: reactive a me physical. Hoʻopau nā mea anti-hydrolysis reactive i nā wahi hoʻomaka a i ʻole nā ​​​​huahana o ka hydrolysis ma o nā hopena kemika, e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano nui a me ke ʻano hana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā mea anti-hydrolysis kino, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e ālai a omo paha i ka makū ma o ka hana kino.

ʻAʻole komo nā mea hoʻopaʻa hydrolysis kino i nā hopena kemika akā pale i ke komo ʻana o ka makū ma o nā ʻano kino. ʻO nā ʻano ʻelele e pili ana i nā zeolites, calcium oxide (CaO), diatomaceous earth, silanes, a me nā waxes. ʻO nā Zeolites a me ka calcium oxide, ma o ko lākou ʻano porous a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​reaction kemika, e omo a hoʻopaʻa i ka makū i omo ʻia e ka polymer i ka wā o ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, e pale nui ana i nā mea mai ka hōʻino ʻia ma muli o ka nui o ka makū ma mua o ka hana ʻana (e like me ka injection molding a me ka extrusion), e hana maoli ana ma ke ʻano he mau waiwai "desiccant". ʻO nā silanes a me nā waxes, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e neʻe i ka ʻili o ka huahana, e hana ana i kahi pale hydrophobic, a i ʻole e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ala komo makū ma o nā mea hoʻopihapiha papa (e like me ka lepo), e pale nui ana i ka ʻili o ka mea.

Hiki i nā mea hoʻopaʻa hydrolysis reactive ke hana me nā hui carboxyl (-COOH) ma nā wēlau o nā kaulahao polymer a i ʻole me nā hui carboxyl i hana ʻia i ka wā hydrolysis, e hoʻopau ana i ke kaʻina hana autocatalytic o ka hydrolysis a pēlā e hoʻokō ai i kahi hopena paʻa kumu. ʻO kēia mau mea nui ka carbodiimide, oxazoline, epoxy, a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa hydrolysis aziridine.

2. ʻO Carbodiimide ka mea hoʻopaʻa hydrolysis reactive maikaʻi loa a hoʻohana nui ʻia.

ʻO Carbodiimides ka papa i hoʻohana nui ʻia a me ka maikaʻi loa o nā mea anti-hydrolysis i kēia manawa. Hoʻopili lākou me nā hui carboxyl i hana ʻia e ka hydrolysis polymer e hana i ka N-acylurea paʻa, no laila e hoʻopau ana i ka mea hoʻoulu no ka hopena hydrolysis a hoʻopau i ka pōʻaiapuni autocatalytic. ʻO nā mea loaʻa Oxazoline, kekahi papa koʻikoʻi o nā mea anti-hydrolysis reactive, he apo oxazoline ko lākou hui hana reactive. Hiki i ke apo oxazoline ke hana me nā hui carboxyl a me hydroxyl e hana i nā ester amides a i ʻole diesters, no laila e hoʻopaʻa ana i nā wēlau polymer. Hoʻohana nā polymers epoxy-functionalized i ka reactivity kiʻekiʻe o nā hui epoxy e hāʻawi i ka stabilization. Hiki i nā hui epoxy ke hana me ka carboxyl, hydroxyl, a me nā hui amino, no laila e pani ana i kēia mau hui reactive.

Papa: Hoʻohālikelike o nā mea kū'ē i ka hydrolysis reactive maʻamau

Nā ʻano o nā mea hana anti-hydrolysis	kalaponaʻimida	Nā polymers hui hana epoxy	Nā ʻOxazolinides
ʻAno Hana Koʻikoʻi	Hoʻopili ia me nā hui carboxyl i hana ʻia e ka hydrolysis e hana i ka N-acylurea paʻa, a laila e hoʻopilikia ana i ke kaʻina hana autocatalytic.	Hiki i kāna hui epoxy ke hana me nā hui like ʻole e like me carboxyl, hydroxyl, a me nā hui amino.	Hiki i kona apo oxazoline ke hana me nā hui carboxyl a me hydroxyl.
Nā pono nui	●Ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa i ka hydrolysis, me ka hopena koʻikoʻi loa.	● Multifunctionality: Hoʻohui ia i nā hana o ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ke kaulahao a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā molekala i hōʻino ʻia.	● Ka hopena bifunctional, me nā ʻano hana like ʻole
	He liʻiliʻi ka nui i hoʻohui ʻia (0.5%-2.0%), me ka hopena liʻiliʻi loa i nā waiwai kūloko o ka mea.	●Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika a me ka mānoanoa o ka heheʻe	● Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohālikelike i kekahi mau ʻōnaehana.
	● Palekana maikaʻi	● Hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi me nā polymers
Nā hemahema nui	● Kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe	●Ma ke ʻano he mea anti-hydrolysis hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole like kona pono me ko ka carbodiimide.	● ʻO nā kumukūʻai ka mea pipiʻi loa
	● Kuhi nui ʻia nā hui carboxyl; ʻaʻole pane pololei me nā hui hydroxyl.	● ʻO ka hoʻohui nui ʻana e alakaʻi paha i ka cross-linking a i ʻole ka gelation.	● ʻAʻohe pono o ka pono ma nā noi hana maʻamau
Nā noi maʻamau	● Polyester: PBT, PET, PLA, PBAT	● Hana hou ʻana i ka palakiko: Hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka rPET, a pēlā aku.	● Polyester (PET, PBT)
	● Polyurethane: TPU, CPU (nā kapuaʻi kāmaʻa, nā hose, a pēlā aku)	● Polyamide (Nailona)	●Polimaida
		● Nā ʻōnaehana polyester e koi ana i ka mānoanoa like	● Mea hoʻohuihui polymer (ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohālikelike)

 

3. Ke ālai nei ʻo Carbodiimide i ke kaʻina hana hydrolysis ma ka hana ʻana me nā waikawa carboxylic e hana i nā ʻano acylurea.

Hōʻike nā polymers Polyester i ka paʻa ʻole o ka makū. Ma lalo o ke kūlana wela a me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, hana nā pilina ester i loko o ka polymer me ka wai, e hoʻoulu ai i ke ʻano kaulahao lōʻihi o ka macromolecule e haki a hana i nā hui carboxyl terminal. Hiki i kēia mau hui carboxyl terminal ke hoʻohui i nā ion H+, e hoʻoulu hou ana i ka hopena hydrolysis me ka waikawa, a laila e alakaʻi ana i ka emi nui ʻana o nā waiwai like ʻole a me kahi ola lawelawe pōkole loa. Hiki i nā hui Carbodiimide, nona nā hui hana carbodiimide (N=C=N), ke hana me nā hui carboxyl i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hydrolysis polymer e hana i nā ʻano acylurea paʻa, e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o ka hui carboxyl a pale i ka hydrolysis hou aʻe. ʻO lākou kekahi o nā mea anti-hydrolysis i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i kēia manawa.

He ʻokoʻa nā mea hana antihydrolysis Carbodiimide a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ākea ʻia i nā ʻano monomeric a me polymeric. Loaʻa i nā hui carbodiimide monomeric hoʻokahi wale nō hui hana carbodiimide a he mau hui mole liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa i nā hui carbodiimide Polymeric ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā hui hana carbodiimide, he kaumaha mole kiʻekiʻe ko lākou, a no ke ʻano hoʻonohonoho polymer kaulahao lōʻihi.

ʻO ka carbodiimide monomericnā mea hana antihydrolysishe mau wai melemele ʻālohilohi a ʻeleʻele paha a i ʻole nā ​​kristal i ka mahana o ka lumi. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, a he mau pono e like me ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻomākaukau maʻalahi, a me ka reactivity kiʻekiʻe. ʻO 2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)carbodiimide ka mea hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka monomeric carbodiimide antihydrolysis.

 

He mau pauka melemele a ʻeleʻele paha nā carbodiimides polymeric a i ʻole nā ​​wai viscous i ka mahana o ka lumi, me ka nui o ka molekala pili ma mua o 1000, ʻoiai ke kāohi ʻia nei ka nui o ka molekala pili o nā oligomers ma kahi o 2000. Loaʻa pinepine ʻia nā carbodiimides polymeric ma ka hana ʻana i nā monomers diisocyanate, nā catalysts, nā solvents, a me nā end-capping agents i nā mahana kūpono. ʻO ka mea mua, hana nā monomers diisocyanate i kahi hopena condensation ma lalo o kahi catalyst e loaʻa ai kahi prepolymer e loaʻa ana nā hui carbodiimide he nui a me nā hui hopena isocyanate. A laila, hana nā hui isocyanate me ka hydrogen hana mai ka mea hoʻopaʻa hope e loaʻa ai nā polycarbodiimides. Loaʻa nā polycarbodiimides maʻamau ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-1,5-diisocyanate a me ka end-capping me 2,6-diisopropylphenyl monoisocyanate.

 

4. Nā wahi noi maʻamau o ka carbodiimide

ʻO PET, ma ke ʻano he mea polyester maʻamau, loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa dimensional, ke kū'ē kemika, a me nā waiwai optical, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka mahiʻai, ʻoihana, kūkulu hale, lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā kahua kaʻa. Hana ʻia ʻo PET ma o ka polycondensation o PTA a me ethylene glycol; he maʻalahi loa nā pilina ester i ka hydrolytic degradation, e alakaʻi ana i ka emi ʻana o ka polymer viscosity a me ka hōʻino nui ʻana o ka hana. Hoʻopaʻa ka hydrolysis PET i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna mau huahana ma lalo i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe, humid, a i ʻole waho. Ua ʻike ʻia nā noiʻi pili e hoʻomaikaʻi ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea anti-hydrolysis monomeric i loko o ka PET masterbatch e hoʻomākaukau i nā laʻana kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ke kū'ē wela, ka ʻelemakule wela pulu, a me ka elongation i ka haki ʻana o nā huahana kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Hōʻike ka carbodiimide ʻala i ka hana hydrolysis maikaʻi loa.

Hoʻohana ka synthesis polyurethane i nā ʻano monomers like ʻole, ʻae i nā hopena i kāohi ʻia, a hāʻawi i nā pono e like me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ke kū'ē ʻana i ka abrasion, ke kū'ē ʻana i ka mahana maikaʻi, a me ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā mea hoʻopili, nā uhi, nā elastomers, nā plastics foamed, a me nā fiber synthetic. Hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka polyurethane ʻano polyester mai nā polyols polyester oligomeric, nona nā pilina ester he nui i loko o kā lākou kaulahao molekala, e hopena ana i ka pale ʻana i ka hydrolysis maikaʻi ʻole. He liʻiliʻi nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o nā mea anti-hydrolysis Carbodiimide i ka synthesis polyurethane a hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka polyester polyol i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana synthesis. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā polymeric carbodiimides i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka isocyanate condensation e loaʻa nā hui hopena -N=C=O, e hiki ai iā lākou ke komo i ka hopena e hoʻomākaukau i ka polyurethane hydrolysis-resistant. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā carbodiimides i ka wā o ka hui ʻana o ka polyurethane. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina pili e hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā carbodiimides ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka waiwai waikawa mua o ka polyester polyol, kāohi i ka polyester hydrolysis, a hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ke kū'ē ʻana o ka hydrolysis o TPU.

ʻO nā polymers biodegradable i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka polyester e like me PBAT, PLA, a me ka polyglycolic acid (PGA) he biocompatibility maikaʻi, biodegradability, palekana, non-toxicity, a me nā waiwai kino a me nā mechanical maikaʻi, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohiki nui i nā mea lapaʻau, nā mea hoʻopili, a me ka mahiʻai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻeha kēia mau mea biodegradable a pau i ka hydrolytic maikaʻi ʻole a me ka thermal stability, e palaho koke ana i ka wā o ka hana ʻana, ka mālama ʻana, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, e alakaʻi ana i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka hana a me ka hiki ʻole ke hiki i ko lākou ola i manaʻo ʻia. Hiki i ka Carbodiimide ke hana i kahi hopena capping me nā hui carboxyl terminal i loko o nā kaulahao molekala o PBAT, PLA, a me PGA e hana i kahi ʻano acylurea paʻa, e pale ana i ka hydrolysis a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka thermal stability.

ʻO Carbodiimide-modified MDI (ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo liquefied MDI) kekahi o nā huahana nui i hoʻololi ʻia o ka diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Hoʻopuka ʻia ia e ka hopena condensation o MDI ma lalo o ka hana a kahi mea hoʻoulu e hana i nā hui carbodiimide. ʻO ka Carbodiimide-modified MDI i hōʻike ʻia e ka wai ma ka mahana o ka lumi, maʻalahi e mālama, a he ola lōʻihi. I ka manawa like, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ke kūpaʻa hydrolysis o nā mea polyurethane.

Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike hou aku i nā huahana anti-hydrolysis agent, e ʻoluʻolu e kipakāhea iā mā˚ou.