Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezongezo zihlala zongezwa ngexesha lokucubungula iiplastiki ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokucubungula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, kwaye ukukhethwa kwezongezo kubalulekile kuyilo lweendlela zokuguqula iplastiki.

I. Inkcazo yeizongezo zeplastiki

Izongezo zeplastiki, ezaziwa ngokuba zi-plastic auxiliaries, zii-compounds ekufuneka zongezwe kwii-polymers (ii-synthetic resins) ngexesha lokubumba nokucubungula ukuphucula ukusebenza kwazo okanye ukuhlawula ukusilela kwiimpawu ze-resin.

1. Iiplastiki zingongezwa ukuze kuncitshiswe ubushushu bokubumba kwe-polyvinyl chloride resin kwaye kwenze imveliso ithambe;

2. Izinto ezikhupha amagwebu zingongezwa ukulungiselela iiplastiki ezikhaphukhaphu, ezimelana nokungcangcazela, ezikhusela ubushushu, kunye nezikhusela isandi;

3. Ezinye iiplastiki zinezinga lokushisa lokubola kobushushu elisondele kakhulu kumaqondo obushushu azo okubumba nokucubungula, kwaye azinakubumba ngaphandle kokongezwa kweziqinisi zobushushu.

Ke ngoko, izongezo zeplastiki zithatha indawo ebaluleke kakhulu ekubumbeni nasekucubunguleni iplastiki.

II Iimfuno eziSiseko kunye namanyathelo okusebenzisa xa ukhetha izongezo

1. Izongezo kufuneka zihambelane kakuhle neeplastiki ukuze zihlale zizinzile kwaye zifana kwimveliso ixesha elide kwaye zisebenze kakuhle. Ukuba ukuhambelana kwazo akukuhle, izongezo zinokuba nemvula.

2. Izinto ezongeziweyo mazihlale ixesha elide. Khetha izongezo ezingafuduki lula kwiplastiki.

3. Izithako zongezwayo kufuneka zilungelelaniswe kakuhle neemeko zokucubungula. Akufanele zibole okanye ziguquguquke lula kumaqondo obushushu okucubungula.

4. Izongezo akufuneki zibe yingozi okanye zibe yityhefu kwimveliso kwaye mazihlangabezane nemigangatho yococeko.

IIIIindlela Zokukhetha Izongezo Zeplastiki

1. Khetha izixhobo ezincedisayo ngokwenjongo yazo

Phucula ukusebenza kokucubungula: Izinto zokuthambisa, izinto zokukhulula, izinto zokuqinisa, izixhobo zokucubungula, izinto ze-thixotropic, izinto zokuphucula iplastiki, izinto zokuqinisa i-PVC.

Phucula iipropati zoomatshini: iiplastiki, izizalisi zokuqinisa, iiarhente zokuqinisa, kunye neziguquli zempembelelo.

Ukuphucula iipropati zokukhanya: Iimibala, iidayi, ii-nucleating agents, kunye nee-fluorescent whitening agents.

Ukuphucula ukusebenza kokwaluphala: ii-antioxidants, Iziqinisi zePVC, izifunxi ze-UV, izibulali-ntsholongwane, kunye nezithinteli ze-mildew.

Phucula iipropati zomphezulu: iiarhente ezichasene nokuguguleka, ii-lubricants, iiarhente ezichasene nokukruquka, iiarhente ezichasene nokuvaleka, iiarhente ezichasene nokugruzuka.

Ukunciphisa iindleko: izinyibilikisi, izizalisi.

Phucula ezinye iipropati: iarhente yokufutha, uncedo lokutsha, iarhente yokudibanisa iikhemikhali, iarhente yokudibanisa, njl.njl.

2. Izongezo zikhetha i-resin.

Izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezibomvu ze-phosphorus ziyasebenza kwi-PA, PBT, kunye ne-PET; izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezisekelwe kwi-nitrogen zisebenza kwiiplastiki ezineoksijini, ezifana ne-PA, PBT, kunye ne-PET; ukuguqulwa kwefayibha yeglasi engatshisi ubushushu kuyasebenza kwiiplastiki zekristale kodwa akusebenzi kwiiplastiki ezingenanto; izinto ezizalisa i-carbon black zisebenza kwii-resin zekristale; ii-nucleating agents zisebenza kwi-copolymer polypropylene.

3. Ukuhambelana phakathi kwezongezo kunye ne-resin

Izongezo kunye neeresini kufuneka zihambelane kakuhle ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisasazwa ngokwesakhiwo esicetywayo, ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekiswa ukufezekiswa kweenkcukacha zoyilo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zazo zihlala ixesha elide, ngokumelana nokutsalwa, ukufuduka, kunye nokuna kwemvula.

Ngaphandle kwezinye izongezo ezimbalwa ezifana nee-surfactants, ukuhambelana okuhle ne-resin ngundoqo wokwandisa ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokwandisa umthamo wazo.

Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukufumana iindlela zokuphucula okanye zokuphucula ukuhambelana kwayo, njengokusebenzisa izinto ezihambelanayo okanye ii-coupling agents zonyango lokuvuselela umphezulu.

4. Ukukhetha imo yesongezo

Izongezo ezinefayibha zinefuthe elihle lokuqinisa. Ubungakanani befayibha yesongezo bunokubonakaliswa yi-aspect ratio. Okukhona i-aspect ratio inkulu, kokukhona i-reinforcement effect iba ngcono. Yingakho songeza i-glass fiber ngemingxuma yokukhupha umoya.

Imeko yokunyibilika inceda kakhulu ekugcineni umlinganiselo wobuso kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okuqhekeka kwefayibha kunempuphu. Izongezo ezijikelezayo zinefuthe elingcono lokuqina kunye nokukhazimla okuphezulu.

I-Barium sulfate sisongezelelo esiqhelekileyo esingqukuva, ngoko ke isetyenziswa njengesizalisi se-PP ekhazimlayo kakhulu, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuqina okuncinci kunye nokuqina.

5. Ubungakanani bezongezo ezongeziweyo

Isixa esifanelekileyo sezongezo asinakuphucula kuphela i-resin ekujoliswe kuyo ukuze isebenze kakuhle, kodwa sinokugcina iindleko ziphantsi ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo yezoqoqosho.

Izongezo ezahlukeneyo zifuna iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zedosi:

1)Izinto ezithintela ilangatye, ii-agents zokuqinisa, iipowders zemagnethi, ii-agents zokuthintela, njl.njl., nangona zininzi zongezwa, kokukhona zingcono ngokwembono yokusebenza, kodwa ixabiso kufuneka limiselwe;

2) Izongezo eziqhubayo, ngokubanzi zifuna kuphela ukwenza indlela yesekethe;

3) I-arhente echasene nokungashukumi, yenza nje umaleko ochitha itshaja phezu komphezulu;

4) Iarhente yokudibanisa, enokusetyenziselwa ukwenza uphahla lomphezulu.