1.Iiarhente ezichasene ne-hydrolysisInjongo ephambili kukuthintela inkqubo ye-hydrolysis yee-polyester polymers.

Kwizicelo ezisebenzisa iipolymers eziqulethe ii-ester bonds, ezifana ne-PBT, i-PET, i-PLA, kunye ne-polyurethanes (TPU, i-CPU), iimolekyuli zamanzi zihlasela ngokulula ii-ester okanye ii-urethane bonds kwi-molecular chain phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma. Oku kukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwe-chain kunye ne-hydrolysis, ukwehla kobunzima beemolekyuli ze-polymer, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ukuqhekeka, ukuqhekeka, kunye nokulahlekelwa kukusebenza. Iiarhente ze-anti-hydrolysis zisetyenziselwa ukulwa nale nkqubo ye-hydrolysis. Iiarhente ze-anti-hydrolysis zahlulwe kakhulu kwiindidi ezimbini: ezisabelayo kunye neziphathekayo. Iiarhente ze-anti-hydrolysis ezisebenzayo zisusa iindawo zokuqalisa okanye iimveliso ze-hydrolysis ngeempendulo zeekhemikhali, ezimele indlela ephambili nesebenza kakuhle. Iiarhente ze-anti-hydrolysis zomzimba, kwelinye icala, zivimba okanye zifunxe umswakama ngesenzo somzimba.

Izithinteli ze-hydrolysis zomzimba azibandakanyeki kwiimpendulo zeekhemikhali kodwa zithintela ukungena komswakama ngeendlela zomzimba. Iintlobo ezimeleyo ziquka i-zeolites, i-calcium oxide (CaO), i-diatomaceous earth, i-silanes, kunye ne-waxes. I-Zeolites kunye ne-calcium oxide, ngesakhiwo sazo esineembobo okanye iimpendulo zeekhemikhali, zifunxa kwaye zivale ukufuma okufunxwa yi-polymer ngexesha lokucubungula nokusetyenziswa, ngokuyintloko zikhusela izinto ekuwohlokeni ngenxa yobuninzi bokufuma ngaphambi kokucubungula (njengokubumba ngenaliti kunye nokukhupha), ngokuyintloko zisebenza njengeempawu "zokususa i-desiccant". I-Silanes kunye ne-waxes, kwelinye icala, ziyafudukela kumphezulu wemveliso, zenze umqobo we-hydrophobic, okanye zandise indlela yokungena komswakama ngokusebenzisa izizalisi ezineeleya (ezifana nodongwe), ngokuyintloko zikhusela umphezulu wezinto.

Izithinteli ze-hydrolysis ezisebenzayo zinokusabela kunye namaqela e-carboxyl (-COOH) eziphelweni zeetyathanga zepolymer okanye kunye namaqela e-carboxyl aveliswa ngexesha le-hydrolysis, okuphazamisa inkqubo ye-autocatalytic ye-hydrolysis kwaye ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswe isiphumo esisisiseko sokuzinza. Ezi ziquka ikakhulu i-carbodiimide, i-oxazoline, i-epoxy, kunye ne-aziridine hydrolysis inhibitors.

2. I-Carbodiimide yeyona inhibitor ye-reactive hydrolysis eluncedo kakhulu nesetyenziswa kakhulu.

IiCarbodiimides okwangoku zezona zixhobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu nezisebenzayo zokulwa ne-hydrolysis. Zisabela kunye namaqela e-carboxyl aveliswa yi-polymer hydrolysis ukuze zenze i-N-acylurea ezinzileyo, ngaloo ndlela zisusa i-catalyst ye-hydrolysis reaction kwaye ziphazamise umjikelo we-autocatalytic. Ii-Oxazoline derivatives, olunye udidi olubalulekileyo lwee-arhente ze-reactive anti-hydrolysis, zine-oxazoline ring njengeqela lazo elisebenzayo. I-oxazoline ring inokusabela kunye namaqela e-carboxyl kunye ne-hydroxyl ukuze zenze i-ester amides okanye i-diesters, ngaloo ndlela izinzisa iziphelo ze-polymer. Iipolymers ezisebenza nge-epoxy zisebenzisa i-reactivity ephezulu yamaqela e-epoxy ukubonelela ngokuzinza. Amaqela e-epoxy anokusabela kunye ne-carboxyl, i-hydroxyl, kunye namaqela e-amino, ngaloo ndlela zivala la maqela asebenzayo.

Itheyibhile: Uthelekiso lweeCommon Reactive Hydrolysis Resistants

Iintlobo zee-anti-hydrolysis agents	i-carbodiimide	Iipolymers zeqela elisebenzayo le-epoxy	Ii-Oxazolinides
Indlela ePhambili	Isabela namaqela e-carboxyl aveliswa yi-hydrolysis ukuvelisa i-N-acylurea ezinzileyo, ngaloo ndlela iphazamisa umjikelo we-autocatalytic.	Iqela layo le-epoxy linokusabela kumaqela ahlukeneyo afana ne-carboxyl, i-hydroxyl, kunye namaqela e-amino.	Isangqa sayo se-oxazoline sinokusabela kunye namaqela e-carboxyl kunye ne-hydroxyl.
Iingenelo eziphambili	●Ukumelana okuphezulu kakhulu ne-hydrolysis, nto leyo enegalelo elikhulu.	●Ukusebenza ngeendlela ezininzi: Idibanisa imisebenzi yokwandiswa kwetyathanga kunye nokulungisa iimolekyuli ezonakeleyo.	● Ukusabela kwemisebenzi emibini, kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo
	Isixa esongeziweyo sincinci (0.5%-2.0%), kwaye sinefuthe elincinci kwiimpawu zangaphakathi zezinto.	● Ingaphucula amandla okunyibilika kunye nokuqina	● Ingasetyenziswa njengento ehambelanayo kwiinkqubo ezithile.
	● Ukhuseleko olulungileyo	● Ukuhambelana okuhle neepolymers
Iingxaki eziphambili	● Ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu	●Njengesixhobo esinye sokulwa ne-hydrolysis, ukusebenza kwayo akucaci njengokwe-carbodiimide.	● Iindleko zihlala zibiza kakhulu
	● Ngokuyintloko ijolise kumaqela e-carboxyl; ayisabela ngokuthe ngqo kumaqela e-hydroxyl.	● Ukongezwa kakhulu kunokukhokelela ekudibaneni okanye ekudibaniseni.	● Ayinawo amandla okusebenza kakuhle kwiindlela ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi
Izicelo eziqhelekileyo	● I-Polyester: i-PBT, i-PET, i-PLA, i-PBAT	● Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iplastiki: Ukulungisa i-rPET, njl.	● I-Polyester (i-PET, i-PBT)
	● I-Polyurethane: I-TPU, i-CPU (iintende zezihlangu, iipayipi, njl.njl.)	● I-Polyamide (i-Nylon)	● I-Polyamide
		● Iinkqubo zePolyester ezifuna ukuqina ngaxeshanye	● I-polymer alloy (njenge-compatibilizer)

 

3. I-Carbodiimide ivimba inkqubo ye-hydrolysis ngokuphendula kunye nee-carboxylic acids ukwenza izakhiwo ze-acylurea.

Iipolymers zePolyester zibonisa ukuzinza okungekuhle kokufuma. Phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma, ii-ester bonds kwipolymer zisabelana namanzi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isakhiwo se-long-chain se-macromolecule siqhekeke size sivelise amaqela e-terminal carboxyl. La maqela e-terminal carboxyl angenza i-ion ye-H+ ioni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-hydrolysis reaction ibe ne-asidi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo zezinto kunye nobomi benkonzo obufutshane kakhulu. Ii-Carbodiimide compounds, eziqulethe amaqela asebenzayo e-carbodiimide (N=C=N), zinokusabela namaqela e-carboxyl aveliswa ngexesha le-polymer hydrolysis ukwenza izakhiwo ze-acylurea ezizinzileyo, ngaxeshanye zinciphisa uxinzelelo lweqela le-carboxyl kwaye zithintele i-hydrolysis engaphezulu. Ziphakathi kwee-anti-hydrolysis agents ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ngoku.

Ii-antihydrolysis agents zeCarbodiimide zahlukile kwaye zinokwahlulwa ngokubanzi zibe ziintlobo ze-monomeric kunye ne-polymeric. Ii-monomeric carbodiimide compounds ziqulathe iqela elinye kuphela le-carbodiimide functional kwaye zii-molecule compounds ezincinci. Ii-polymeric carbodiimide compounds zihlala ziqulathe amaqela amabini okanye ngaphezulu e-carbodiimide functional, zinobunzima obuphezulu be-molecular, kwaye ziluhlobo lwesakhiwo se-polymer esine-long-chain.

I-monomeric carbodiimideiiarhente ze-antihydrolysisZilulwelo olukhanyayo olutyheli ukuya komdaka okanye iikristale kubushushu begumbi. Zinyibilika kwizinyibilikisi zendalo kodwa azinyibiliki emanzini, kwaye zineengenelo ezifana nobunyulu obuphezulu, ukulungiswa okulula, kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu. I-2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)carbodiimide yeyona arhente ye-antihydrolysis ye-monomeric carbodiimide esetyenziswa kakhulu kwimarike.

 

Ii-polymeric carbodiimides zi-powders ezimthubi ukuya kumdaka okanye ulwelo oluthambileyo kubushushu begumbi, kunye nobunzima be-molecular ngokubanzi obungaphezulu kwe-1000, ngelixa ubunzima be-molecular be-oligomers bulawulwa malunga ne-2000. Ii-polymeric carbodiimides zihlala zifunyanwa ngokuphendula ii-diisocyanate monomers, ii-catalysts, ii-solvents, kunye nee-end-capping agents kubushushu obufanelekileyo. Okokuqala, ii-diisocyanate monomers zifumana i-condensation reaction phantsi kwe-catalyst ukuze zifumane i-prepolymer equlathe amaqela amaninzi e-carbodiimide kunye namaqela e-isocyanate end. Emva koko, amaqela e-isocyanate asabela nge-hydrogen esebenzayo kwi-end-capping agent ukuze afumane ii-polycarbodiimides. Ii-polycarbodiimides eziqhelekileyo zifunyanwa ngokufunxa i-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-1,5-diisocyanate kunye ne-end-capping ene-2,6-diisopropylphenyl monoisocyanate.

 

4. Iindawo eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-carbodiimide

I-PET, njengeyona nto ixhaphakileyo kwi-polyester, ineempawu ezintle kakhulu zoomatshini, uzinzo olulinganayo, ukumelana neekhemikhali, kunye neempawu zokukhanya, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo, kushishino, ekwakheni, kwezonyango, nakwiindawo zeemoto. I-PET iveliswa yi-polycondensation ye-PTA kunye ne-ethylene glycol; ii-ester bonds zichaphazeleka kakhulu kukuwohloka kwe-hydrolytic, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni i-polymer viscosity kunye nokuwohloka kokusebenza okuqatha. I-PET hydrolysis ithintela ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zayo ezisezantsi kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu, ezifumileyo, okanye ezingaphandle. Uphando oluhambelanayo lufumanise ukuba ukufaka ii-monomeric anti-hydrolysis agents kwi-PET masterbatch ukulungiselela iisampulu zefilimu kuphucula ukumelana nobushushu, ukuguga kobushushu okumanzi, kunye nokwandiswa xa kuqhekeka iimveliso zefilimu. I-Aromatic carbodiimide ibonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-hydrolysis.

Ukwenziwa kwePolyurethane kusebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemonomers, kuvumela ukusabela okulawulwayo, kwaye kunika iingenelo ezinje ngamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokukrala, ukumelana nobushushu obuhle, kunye nokulula kokusetyenzwa. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiglu, ii-coating, ii-elastomers, iiplastiki ezinefoam, kunye neefayibha zokwenziwa. I-polyurethane yohlobo lwePolyester ilungiselelwe kwi-polyester polyols ye-oligomeric, equlethe ii-ester bonds ezininzi kwiitsheyini zazo ze-molecular, nto leyo ebangela ukumelana okungekuhle kwe-hydrolysis. Ii-anti-hydrolysis agents zeCarbodiimide zinemiphumo emibi kakhulu kwi-polyurethane synthesis kwaye zingongezwa kwi-polyester polyol ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza. Ngaphezu koko, ii-polymeric carbodiimides ezilungiselelwe yi-isocyanate condensation ziqulathe amaqela e--N=C=O end, nto leyo ebenza bakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwi-reaction yokulungiselela i-hydrolysis-resistant polyurethane. Ukongeza, ii-carbodiimides zingongezwa ngexesha lokuxuba i-polyurethane. Izifundo ezinxulumene noko zibonise ukuba ukongezwa kwee-carbodiimides kunokunciphisa ixabiso le-asidi yokuqala ye-polyester polyol, kuthintele i-polyester hydrolysis, kwaye kuphucule ngempumelelo ukumelana kwe-hydrolysis ye-TPU.

Iipolymers ezibolayo ezisekelwe kwipolyester ezifana nePBAT, PLA, kunye nepolyglycolic acid (PGA) zinokuhambelana okuhle kwezinto eziphilayo, ukubola kwezityalo, ukhuseleko, ukungabi natyhefu, kunye neempawu ezilungileyo zomzimba nezoomatshini, zibonisa ithemba elikhulu kwizixhobo zonyango, izinto zokupakisha, kunye nezolimo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zinto zibolayo zonke zinengxaki yokungazinzi kakuhle kwe-hydrolytic kunye nobushushu, ziwohloka ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokucubungula, ukugcinwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa, okukhokelela ekuwohlokeni kokusebenza kunye nokungaphumeleli ukufikelela kubomi bazo obulindelekileyo. ICarbodiimide inokusabela kwi-capping kunye namaqela e-terminal carboxyl kwimixokelelwane ye-molecular yePBAT, PLA, kunye ne-PGA ukuvelisa isakhiwo se-acylurea esizinzileyo, ngaxeshanye sithintela i-hydrolysis kunye nokuphucula uzinzo lobushushu.

I-MDI eguqulwe yiCarbodiimide (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-MDI enyibilikisiweyo) yenye yeemveliso eziphambili eziguqulweyo ze-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Yenziwa yi-condensation reaction ye-MDI phantsi kwesenzo se-catalyst ukuvelisa amaqela e-carbodiimide. I-MDI eguqulwe yiCarbodiimide ibonakaliswa ngokuba lulwelo kubushushu begumbi, kulula ukuyigcina, kwaye inobomi obude beshelufu. Kwangaxeshanye, inokuphucula kakhulu ukumelana ne-hydrolysis yezinto ze-polyurethane.

Ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngeemveliso ze-anti-hydrolysis agents, zive ukhululekileQhagamshelana nathi.