Polypropylene ke polymer e sebelisoang haholo e sebelisoang lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng ka lebaka la motsoako oa eona o motle oa thepa. Thepa ea eona, joalo ka ea 'mele, ea mechini le ea mahlo e ka ntlafatsoa haholoanyane ka tšebeliso e loketseng ea li-nucleating agents le li-crinsing agents. Lisebelisoa tsena li thusa ho kristale ea PP nakong ea ts'ebetso, ka hona li ntlafatsa thepa e seng e fumanoe.

Utloisisa mokhoa oa ho sebelisa li-nucleating agents le li-definition agents hammoho le ho fumana malebela a khetho ho eketsa sekhahla sa tlhahiso ka katleho, ho fetola sebopeho le sebopeho, le ho fokotsa lerōle liforomong tsa hau tsa polypropylene.

I. Karolo ea Li-Nucleating Clarifying Agents ho PP

Boleng ba kristale ba li-polymer tse semi-crystalline bo ikarabella bakeng sa litšobotsi tse ngata, tse kang botsitso ba boholo, ho hlaka le ho tiea.

Bakeng sa karolo le ts'ebetso e hlalositsoeng, kristale e laoloa ke sebopeho sa polymer, sebopeho, le maemo a ts'ebetso a fellang ka tekano e itseng ea ho bokellana ha mocheso le ho pholisa. Ka lebaka leo, kristale hangata e fapane, nalane ea mocheso e fapane bakeng sa letlalo le karolo ea mantlha ea likarolo kapa thepa.

Lisebelisoa tsa nucleating le clarifier li potlakisa le ho lokisa kristale e lumellang ho fetola thepa ea ho qetela ea li-polymer tse nang le semicrystalline ho latela litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso.

·Mekhoeng ea polypropylene, ho eketsa li-nucleating agents (tseo hape li bitsoang li-nucleator) ho fella ka litšobotsi tse ntlafetseng tsa ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso, tse kang:

· Ho hlaka ho ntlafetseng le ho fokotseha ha leru

· Matla le ho tiea ho ntlafetseng

· Mocheso o Ntlafetseng oa Phapang ea Mocheso (HDT)

· Nako e fokotsehileng ea potoloho

· Ho fokotseha ha warpage le ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha dikotwana

· Ho fokotseha ha kutloisiso ea 'mala mabapi le liphetoho tsa thepa ka mebala e fapaneng

·Ts'ebetso e ntlafetseng lits'ebetsong tse itseng

Ka hona, nucleation ke tsela e matla ea ho ntlafatsa thepa ea 'mele, ea mechine le ea optical ea polypropylene. Ho hlaka, botsitso ba litekanyo, warpage, shrinkage, CLTE, HDT, thepa ea mechine le phello ea thibelo li ka ntlafatsoa ka khetho e hlokolosi ea li-nucleator kapa li-clarifier.

II. Polypropylene le kristale ea eona

Polypropylene ke polymer e sebelisoang haholo, e entsoeng ka kristale e entsoeng ka polymerization ea propene monomer. Ha e etsoa polymerization, PP e ka theha meaho e meraro ea motheo ea ketane (atactic, isotactic, syndiotactic) ho latela boemo ba lihlopha tsa methyl. Kristalinity ea polymer e khetholloa ka:

·Libopeho le boholo ba likristale

·Litekanyetso tsa kristale, 'me qetellong

·Tsela eo likristale li shebaneng le eona

Polypropylene ea Isotactic (iPP) ke polymer e nang le semi-crystalline. E khetholloa ka karolelano e ntle ea litšenyehelo le ts'ebetso, e leng se etsang hore e khahlehe haholo lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng joalo ka likoloi, lisebelisoa, liphaephe, liphutheloana, jj.

Index ea Isotacticity ea iPP e amana ka ho toba le tekanyo ea kristale e nang le tšusumetso e kholo ts'ebetsong ea polymer. Isotacticity e eketsa kinetics ea kristale, modulus ea flexural, thatafalo le ponaletso, 'me e fokotsa khanyetso ea tšusumetso le ho kenella ha metsi.

Tafole e ka tlase e bapisa thepa ea li-homopolymer tse peli tsa polypropylene tse nang le index e fapaneng ea isotacticity.

III. Ho kristaletsoa ha Polypropylene
Ho latela maemo, Isotactic Polypropylene e ka kristaletsoa ka mekhahlelo e mene e fapaneng e bonts'ang α, β, γ le mesomorphic smectic. Mekhahlelo ea α le β ke ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa.

Mokhahlelo oa α

1. Mokhahlelo ona o tsitsitse haholoanyane ebile o tsebahala haholo.

2. Likristale tsena ke tsa tsamaiso ea kristale ea monoclinic.

Mokhahlelo oa β

1. Mokhahlelo ona o tsitsitse, 'me likristale tsa oona ke tsa sistimi ea kristale ea pseudo-hexagonal.

2. Karolo ea β e fumaneha haholo-holo ho polypropylene e kopiloeng ka har'a block 'me e ka hlahisoa ka ho eketsa li-nucleating agents tse itseng.

3. Sebopeho sena sa kristale se ile sa sibolloa ke Padden le Keith ka 1953; se ka kgothalletswa ka ho etsa kristale pakeng tsa 130°C le 132°C, ho shebana le ho kuta ha dikhemikhale tse ngata, kapa ho eketsa di-nucleating agents tse itseng.

4. Boteng ba karolo ea β ho li-homopolymer tsa polypropylene hangata bo ntlafatsa ho ductility ea sehlahisoa se felileng, 'me phello e ba ea bohlokoa haholo ha litaba tsa karolo ea β li fihla ho 65%.

Mokhahlelo oa γ

1. Mokhahlelo ona o boetse o tsitsitse, o na le likristale tsa triclinic.

2. Sebopeho sena sa kristale ha se tlwaelehe; se hlaha haholo-holo ho polypropylene e boima bo tlase ba limolek'hule mme se thehoa ka ho kristaletsoa tlas'a khatello e phahameng haholo le sekhahla se tlase haholo sa ho pholisa.

Ⅳ. Ts'ebetso ea Nucleation ho Polypropylene

Hoa tsebahala hore ntlha ea ho qala ha kristale ea li-polymer ke likokoana-hloko tse nyane (likaroloana tse nyane) tse kenyellelitsoeng ka tlhaho masala a catalyst a kang ho qhibiliha, litšila, lerōle, jj. Ebe hoa khoneha ho fetola le ho laola sebopeho sa kristale ka ho eketsa likokoana-hloko "tsa maiketsetso" tse hlahisitsoeng ho qhibiliha ha polymer. Ts'ebetso ena e bitsoa Nucleation.

Li-nucleator kapa li-nucleating agent li sebelisoa tse fanang ka libaka tsa ho qala ho hlahisa likristale.

Li-clarifiers ke sehlopha se senyenyane sa li-nucleator tse fanang ka likristale tse nyane tse hasanyang khanya e fokolang, ka lebaka leo, li ntlafatsa ho hlaka ha botenya bo tšoanang ba lebota la karolo.

Karolo ea metsoako ena ea nucleating ke ho ntlafatsa thepa ea 'mele le ea mechine ea likarolo tse felileng.

Ⅴ. Li-nucleator le Li-Clarifier: Phanele e Ruileng ea Li-Additives

Lisebelisoa tsa Nucleating tsa likaroloana

Di-nucleating agent/di-nucleant tse nyenyane hangata ke metsoako e phahameng e qhibilihang e hasanngwang ka ho qhibiliha ha polymer ka ho kopanya. Dikaroloana tsena di sebetsa e le 'ntlha ya nuclei' e ikgethang eo kgolo ya kristale ya polymer e ka qalang ho yona.

Ho bokellana ho hoholo ha di-nuclei ho lebisa ho kristale e potlakileng haholoanyane (nako e kgutshwane ya potoloho), le maemo a hodimo a kristale, e leng se ntlafatsang matla, ho tiya le HDT ya PP.

Boholo bo bonyenyane ba di-aggregate tsa kristale (spherulites) bo lebisa ho fokotseheng ha ho hasana ha lesedi le ho ntlafala ha lesedi.

Lintho tse sebelisoang haholo ho etsa li-nucleating agents li kenyelletsa letsoai le liminerale, tse kang talc, sodium benzoate, phosphate esters le matsoai a mang a tlhaho.

Talc le sodium benzoate li nkoa e le li-nucleant tse sebetsang hantle, tse theko e tlase, 'me li fana ka ntlafatso e nyane ea matla, ho tiea, HDT le nako ea potoloho.

Li-nucleant tse sebetsang hantle le tse theko e phahameng, tse kang li-ester tsa phosphate le letsoai la bicycloheptane li fana ka thepa e ntle ea 'mele le ntlafatso e itseng ea ho hlaka.

Lisebelisoa tsa Nucleating tse Qhibilihang

Dintho tse qhibilihisang di-nucleating agents, tseo hape di bitswang 'tse utlwang ho qhibiliha', hangata di na le dintlha tse tlase tsa ho qhibiliha mme di qhibilihisa ka hara PP e qhibilihisitsweng.

Ha ho qhibiliha ha polymer ho ntse ho phola ka har'a hlobo, li-nucleant tsena li qala ka ho etsa marang-rang a ajoang hantle a nang le sebaka se phahameng haholo.

Ha mocheso o ntse o theoha, li-fibril tse nang le marang-rang ana li sebetsa e le li-nuclei ho qala ho etsa kristale ea polymer.

Ho bokellana ho hoholo ha di-nuclei ho lebisa ho di-aggregate tse nyane haholo tsa kristale ya PP, tse fanang ka boemo bo tlase ba ho hasana ha lesedi le ho hlaka ho hoholo.

Li-clarifiers tsohle ke li-nucleants, empa ha se li-nucleants tsohle tse leng li-clarifiers tse ntle.

Li-nucleant tse ling tse tloaelehileng, tse kang sodium benzoate le talc, ha li fokotse boholo ba spherulite ka bongata bo lekaneng ho fana ka karolo e bopiloeng e nang le lerootho le e hlakileng haholo. Ho hlaka ho hoholo hangata ho fihlelleha ha ho sebelisoa li-nucleant tse qhibilihang.

Metswako ya tlhaho e qhibilihang e sebetsang jwalo ka dihlakisi e kenyeletsa di-sorbitol, di-nonot, di-trisamides.

Leha di-nucleant tsena di sebediswa haholoholo ho fihlella ho hlaka ho hoholo le lerootho le tlase, di boetse di ntlafatsa thepa ya mmele le ho fokotsa nako ya potoloho.

Karolelano ea Sebopeho sa Likaroloana le Tekanyo ea Tšobotsi

Likaroloana tsa Nucleant tse nang le dibopeho tse kang tsa nale (jwalo ka ADK STAB NA-11) di ka lebisa ho boleng bo fapaneng ba ho fokotseha mochining le dintlheng tse tshekaletseng. Anisotropy ena ya ho fokotseha e ka lebisa ho warpage karolong ya ho qetela. Likaroloana tsa Nucleant tse nang le jiometri ya planer di ka fana ka ho fokotseha ho lekanang ka mahlakoreng a mabedi a lebisang ho warpage e fokolang.

Boholo ba Likaroloana le Kabo ea Boholo ba Likaroloana

Boholo ba dikarolwana tse nyane bo lebisa ntlafatsong ya nucleation, empa dikarolwana tse nyane le tsona di ka ba thata ho di qhalanya. Dikarolwana tse ding tsa nucleant, tse kang sodium benzoate, di na le tshekamelo ya ho kopana hape.

Sesebelisoa sa ho Sila Asiti se Sebelisitsoeng

Lintho tse ling tse tlosang asiti, tse kang matsoai a mafura a asiti (mohlala, calcium stearate) li ka ba khahlanong le li-nucleants tse itseng, tse kang li-phosphate ester le sodium benzoate. Dihydrotalcite e lokela ho sebelisoa le li-nucleants tsena.

Le ka mohla u se ke ua sebelisa calcium stearate le sodium benzoate kaha calcium stearate e tla felisa ka ho feletseng nucleation ea sodium benzoate.

Tekanyo ea ho Hasana le Boteng ba Lihlopha tse sa Hasanang

Hangata sodium benzoate e etsa li-agglomerate 'me ho thata ho li hasanya hantle.

Mocheso o qhibilihisang

Li-sorbitol li hloka mocheso o phahameng oa ho qhibiliha ho fana ka leseli le letle ka ho fetisisa, kaha li tlameha ho qhibiliha ka botlalo ho qhibilihang ha polymer.

Tšebelisano-'moho le Bohanyetsi Pakeng tsa Li-Nucleants le Lisebelisoa tse Ling

Dintho tse tlosang asiti di ka ba tsa tshebedisano mmoho kapa tsa hanyetsana. Matswai a asiti a mafura a ama hampe modulus ya phosphate ester nucleated PP.

Khetha se LetonaLi-nucleantle Litlhaloso bakeng sa PP

Pele o kgetha moemedi ya loketseng wa nucleating kapa clarifying bakeng sa kopo ya hao ya PP, etsa qeto ya hore na ke ntlafatso efe ya thepa eo o e thahasellang haholo:

a. Haeba mouwane o fokolang le ho hlaka ho hoholo ho le bohlokwa, kgetha e nngwe ya di-clarifiers tse qhibilihang.

b. Bakeng sa litlhoko tse tlase tsa ho hlaka,li-ester tsa phosphatee ka sebelisoa.

c.Haeba modulus e phahameng e le ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, khetha e 'ngoe ea li-ester tsa phosphate.

d.Haeba theko e tlase e le ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, khetha sodium benzoate.

e. Haeba ho warpage e tlase le kutloelo-bohloko e tlase ea pigment e le tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, khetha letsoai la bicycloheptane.

Hape ho bohlokwa ho etsa qeto ya hore na nucleant e tla kenngwa jwang ka hara resin ya PP. Kamehla etsa diteko tse loketseng ho netefatsa hore ho qhalakana hantle le ho ata ha nucleation ho fihlelletswe.

Sebelisa DSC holim'a resin ea PP e nang le nucleated. Lintlafatso tsa nako ea potoloho hangata li amana le keketseho ea mocheso oa kristale (Tc). Leka litšobotsi tsa sampole e bōpiloeng.

Haeba o batla ho botsa ka lihlahisoa tse amanang le metsoako ea nucleating, ka kopo ikutloe u lokolohile hoiteanye le ronaka nako efe kapa efe.