Walxaha ka hortagga jeermiska ayaa si isa soo taraysa lagama maarmaan u ah inay wax ka qabtaan arrimaha sida nuugista elektrostatic-ka ee balaastikada, wareegyada gaagaaban, iyo dheecaanka elektrostatic-ka ee elektaroonigga.

Sida laga soo xigtay hababka kala duwan ee isticmaalka, wakiilada ka hortagga istaroogga waxaa loo qaybin karaa laba qaybood: waxyaabaha lagu daro gudaha iyo dahaarka dibadda.

Waxa kale oo loo qaybin karaa laba qaybood iyadoo lagu saleynayo waxqabadka wakiilada ka hortagga istaroogga: ku meel gaar ah iyo joogto ah.

Habka guud ee wakiilada ka hortagga jeermiska ee ku salaysan surfactant-ka ayaa ah in kooxaha hydrophilic ee walxaha ka hortagga jeermiska ay u jeestaan ​​​​hawada, iyagoo nuugaya qoyaanka deegaanka, ama isku daraya qoyaanka iyada oo loo marayo xidhmooyinka haydarojiin si ay u sameeyaan lakab hal-molecule ah oo gudbiya, taasoo u oggolaanaysa dallacaadaha taagan inay si dhakhso ah u kala daataan oo ay gaaraan ujeedooyin ka hortagga jeermiska.

Nooca cusub ee wakiilka joogtada ah ee ka hortagga jeermiska ayaa sameeya oo sii daaya kharashyo taagan iyada oo loo marayo gudbinta ion, awooddiisa ka hortagga jeermiskana waxaa lagu gaaraa qaab gaar ah oo kala firdhisan molecular. Inta badan wakiilada ka hortagga jeermiska ee joogtada ah waxay gaaraan saameyntooda ka hortagga jeermiska iyagoo yareynaya iska caabinta mugga ee walxaha, mana ku tiirsanaadaan gebi ahaanba nuugista biyaha dusha sare, sidaa darteed waxay si yar u saameeyaan qoyaanka deegaanka.

Marka laga reebo balaastikada, isticmaalka wakiilada ka hortagga istaatiijiyadda waa mid baahsan. Shaxda soo socota waa kala soocidda iyadoo loo eegayo isticmaalkawakiilada ka hortagga-istaagadhinacyo kala duwan.

Hadday tahay mid ku meel gaar ah ama mid joogto ah, ha ahaato surfactants ama polymers, waxaan awoodnaa inaan ku siinno xalal gaar ah oo ku saleysan baahiyahaaga.