Soo saarista dallacaadda elektrostatic-ka ah

Awoodda adag ee qaadi karta dallacaad waxay ku xiran tahay xaaladaha dusha sare, joogtada dielectric, iska caabinta dusha sare, iyo qoyaanka qaraabada ah ee deegaanka ku xeeran. Awooddeeda ay ku qaadi karto dallacaaddu waxay si liddi ku ah ugu dhigantaa joogtada dielectric iyo qoyaanka qaraabada ah, waxayna si toos ah ugu dhigantaa iska caabinta dusha sare. Calaamadda dallacaaddu way kala duwan tahay iyadoo ku xiran maaddada; walxaha leh joogto dielectric hooseeya ayaa si togan loogu dallacaa.

Astaamaha dahaarka waxay la xiriiraan isku-ururinta korontada ee taagan. Qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada ee inta badan balaastikada waxay muujinaysaa inay yihiin dahaar-hagayaal aad u fiican, taasoo ka dhigaysa agab muhiim u ah qalabka soo noqnoqda sida radar-ka. Maadaama balaastigyada badankood ay leeyihiin dahaar-hagaag hooseeya oo dusha sare ah, si dhakhso ah uma kala diri karaan dahaarka korontada, waana farqi u dhexeeya balaastigyada iyo biraha.

Inta lagu jiro isticmaalka alaabada balaastikada ah, korontada taagan waxay sababi kartaa dhibaatooyin kala duwan waxayna horseedi kartaa cawaaqib xumo halis ah, xitaa khatar ah. Khataraha ugu badan waxaa ka mid ah: uruurinta wasakhda oo daran oo ku taal dusha sare ee balaastikada; korontada taagan oo soo jiidata boodh saameeya tayada codka rikoodhada; korontada taagan oo keenta dareen "shoog koronto" oo aan fiicnayn oo ku dhaca dadka isticmaalaya roogagga fiber-ka ee macmal ah ama sagxadda balaastikada ah; isku dhejinta aan joogtada ahayn ee u dhaxaysa filimada balaastikada iyo xaashiyaha, carqaladeeya wax soo saarka caadiga ah; iyo budada adag oo isku ururta inta lagu jiro gaadiidka hawada. Dhacdooyinka ka dhasha ururinta badan ee lacagta taagan waxay xitaa shidi karaan isku darka hawada iyo boodhka ama dareerayaasha dabiiciga ah, taasoo noqonaysa sabab qaraxyo badan oo burburiya.

Tallaabooyin lagu xakameynayo kharashka korontada ku shaqeeya

(1) Kordhinta qoyaanka qaraabka ah: Marka qoyaanka deegaanka ee alaabada la sameeyay uu kordho, gudbinta dusha sare ayaa sidoo kale kordha, taasoo dardar gelinaysa kala-baxa kharashka. Tusaale ahaan, marka qoyaanka qaraabka ah ee polyamide-ka nuuga biyaha uu ka sarreeyo 65%, ma jiro koronto taagan. Taas bedelkeeda, marka qoyaanka qaraabka ah uu aad uga hooseeyo 20%, dhibaatooyinka dheelitirka dallacaadda dusha sare waa lama huraan. Xaaladdan oo kale, cabbirka kaliya ee dhabta ah ee waxtarka leh ee lagu xakameynayo korantada taagan waa in lagu daro matrix gudbiye si loo yareeyo iska caabinta mugga.

(2) Kordhi socodka hawada:iyadoo la adeegsanayo ionizer oo ku shaqeeya mabda'a korontada ama shucaaca si loo kordhiyo socodka hawada, si kharashka si dhakhso ah loogu kala diro hawada deegaanka.

(3) Kordhi socodka dusha sare adigoo ku daraya walxo kiimiko ah (walxaha ka hortagga jeermiska) balaastikada ama ku dhejinaya dusha sare si loo kordhiyo socodka dusha sare, taasoo meesha ka saaraysa kharashka taagan.

 Qaab-dhismeedka Kiimikada ee Wakiilada Ka-hortagga Aan Joogtada ahayn

Walxaha lidka ku ah jeermiska waa walxo lagu daro walxaha lagu sameeyo ama lagu mariyo dusha sare ee alaabada la sameeyay si loo yareeyo kororka korantada ee taagan. Guud ahaan, iyadoo lagu saleynayo habka codsiga, wakiilada lidka ku ah jeermiska waxaa loo qaybin karaa laba qaybood oo waaweyn: codsi gudaha ah iyo mid dibadda ah.

2.Wakiilada Gudaha ee Ka-hortagga Masiibada ah

Walxaha ka hortagga istaatiijiyadda gudaha lagu daray ayaa lagu daraa polymers-ka sida surfactants ka hor ama inta lagu jiro wax-samaynta. Dhammaantood waxay leeyihiin astaamo firfircoon oo dusha sare ah waxayna u guuri karaan oo ku ururin karaan dusha sare ee qaybaha la sameeyay. Waxyaabaha lagu daray waxay ka kooban yihiin labada kooxood ee hydrophilic iyo hydrophobic ee ku jira molecules-kooda. Kooxaha hydrophobic waxay leeyihiin iswaafajin gaar ah oo ay la leeyihiin polymer-ka waxayna sababi karaan in molecules-koodu ku dhego dusha sare ee badeecada, halka kooxaha hydrophilic-ku ay shaqeeyaan iyagoo isku xiraya oo is-weydaarsanaya molecules-ka biyaha ee dusha sare ee badeecada. Inta badan wakiilada antistatic-ka ah ee leh astaamaha firfircoon ee dusha sare waxaa loo kala saari karaa noocyada cationic, anionic, iyo nonionic.

1.Wakiilada Ka-hortagga Masiibada ee Cationic:Noocan ah wakiilka ka hortagga istaatiijiyadda, qaybta firfircoon ee molecule-ka waxay caadi ahaan ka kooban tahay koox cationic oo weyn iyo inta badan koox alkyl dheer, sida cusbada ammonium ee quaternary, cusbada sulfonium ee quaternary, ama cusbada sulfonium ee quaternary. Anions-ka guud ahaan waxaa la sameeyaa inta lagu jiro falcelinta quaternization, sida chlorides, methyl sulfates, iyo nitrates. Walxaha ka hortagga istaatiijiyadda ee quaternary ammonium ayaa xukuma qaybtan alaabada ganacsiga. Walxaha ka hortagga istaatiijiyadda ee cationic ayaa ugu waxtarka badan matrices-ka polar (sida polymers-ka PVC iyo styrene). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isticmaalkoodu waa mid xaddidan sababtoo ah saameyntooda xun ee xasilloonida kulaylka ee polymers-ka qaarkood.

2. Walxaha Ka-hortagga Anion: Noocan ah wakiilka ka-hortagga antistatic, qaybta firfircoon ee molecule-ka waa anionic. Alkyl sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, dithiocarbamates, ama carboxylates waxay caadi ahaan qaadaan tiro badan oo anions ah, halka cations-ku badanaa yihiin aions bir alkali ah, mararka qaarkoodna aions bir alkali ah oo dhulka ah. Tusaale ahaan, sodium alkyl sulfonate si weyn ayaa loogu isticmaalaa warshadaha sababtoo ah waxay ku guulaysataa saameyn ku filan oo ka-hortagga antistatic ah oo ku jirta polyvinyl chloride iyo polystyrene polymers, laakiin codsigeeda polyolefins wuxuu leeyahay xaddidaadyo gaar ah.

3. Daawooyinka aan anti-static ahayn ee aan ionic ahayn: Wakiiladan ka hortagga joogtada ah waxay leeyihiin koox molecular ah oo dusha sare firfircoon oo aan la dallacin oo leh polarity aad u hooseeya (badanaa polyethylene glycol esters ama ethers, fatty acid esters ama ethanolamines, mono- ama diglycerides, iyo ethoxylated fatty amines). Badanaa waxaa lagu bixiyaa ganacsi ahaan dareere ahaan ama wax yar oo jilicsan.

Kala duwanaanshaha hoose ee waxyaabaha lagu daro waxay ka dhigayaan wakiillo gudaha ah oo ku habboon antistatic-ka polyethylene iyo polypropylene, waxayna sidoo kale muujiyaan iswaafajin sare. Noocyada kala duwan ee polyethylene iyo polypropylene waxay leeyihiin cufnaan kala duwan, crystallinity, iyo qaab-dhismeedyo molecular microscopic ah. Sidaa darteed, si loo helo qaab-dhismeedka molecular-ka ugu habboon ee wakiil kasta oo antistatic ah, waa in la hagaajiyaa dhererka silsiladda alkyl iyo tirada kooxaha hydroxyl ama ether ee ku jira isku-dhafka. Kaliya sidan ayaa si wax ku ool ah loogu hubin karaa saameynta codsiga la rabo. Tusaale ahaan, wakiilada antistatic-ka ee caadiga ah ee loo isticmaalo polypropylene waxtar yar ayay leeyihiin marka lagu dabaqo polyethylene-ka cufnaanta hooseeya, iyo caksigeeda.

 Nooca dahaarka dibadda ee wakiilka ka hortagga jeermiska

Walxaha ka hortagga jeermiska ee dibadda ayaa lagu dabaqaa dusha sare ee qaybaha la sameeyay iyadoo loo eegayo xal biyo ah ama khamri ah. Sababo la xiriira hababka kala duwan ee loo adeegsado, shuruudaha qaab-dhismeedka ee lagu sheegay wakiilada ka hortagga jeermiska ee gudaha ayaa noqda kuwo aan muhiim ahayn. Dhammaan isku-dhafka firfircoon ee dusha sare, iyo sidoo kale walxo badan oo aan firfircoonayn oo aan firfircoonayn oo dusha sare ah (sida glycerin, polyols, iyo polyethylene glycol), waxay leeyihiin sifooyin ka hortagga jeermiska oo heerar kala duwan ah, waxtarka isku-dhafkan saameyn kuma yeelanayso iswaafajinta ay la leeyihiin polymer-ka ama u guuritaankooda gudaha polymer-ka.