1.Mishonga inodzivirira hydrolysisChinangwa chikuru ndechekudzivisa maitiro ehydrolysis emapolyester polymers.

Mukushandiswa kwemapolymer ane ester bonds, akadai sePBT, PET, PLA, uye polyurethanes (TPU, CPU), mamorekuru emvura anorwisa nyore nyore ester kana urethane bonds mu molecular chain pasi pemamiriro ekupisa kwakanyanya uye hunyoro. Izvi zvinotungamira pakutyoka kwecheni uye hydrolysis, kudzikira kwehuremu hwepolymer molecular, uye nekudaro, kuputsika, kutsemuka, uye kurasikirwa nekushanda. Anti-hydrolysis agents anoshandiswa kurwisa maitiro aya e hydrolysis. Anti-hydrolysis agents inonyanya kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: reactive uye physical. Reactive anti-hydrolysis agents inobvisa nzvimbo dzekutanga kana zvigadzirwa zve hydrolysis kuburikidza ne chemical reactions, inomiririra nzira huru uye inoshanda zvakanyanya. Physical anti-hydrolysis agents, kune rumwe rutivi, inovhara kana kunwisa hunyoro kuburikidza ne physical action.

Zvinodzivirira hydrolysis mumuviri hazvibatanidzi mukuita kwemakemikari asi zvinodzivirira kupinda kwemvura kuburikidza nenzira dzemuviri. Mhando dzinomiririra dzinosanganisira zeolites, calcium oxide (CaO), diatomaceous earth, silane, uye waxes. Zeolites necalcium oxide, kuburikidza nechimiro chazvo chine maburi kana maitiro emakemikari, zvinotora uye zvinovhara hunyoro hunotorwa nepolymer panguva yekugadzirisa nekushandisa, zvichinyanya kudzivirira zvinhu kubva mukuora nekuda kwehuwandu hwehunyoro husati hwagadziriswa (senge kuumbwa kwejekiseni uye kubuda), zvichinyanya kushanda se "desiccant". Silane nema waxes, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinofamba zvichienda pamusoro pechigadzirwa, zvichigadzira hydrophobic barrier, kana kuwedzera nzira yekupinda kwehunyoro kuburikidza ne layered fillers (senge ivhu), zvichinyanya kudzivirira pamusoro pechinhu.

Zvinodzivirira hydrolysis zvinokwanisa kuita nemapoka ecarboxyl (-COOH) kumagumo emaketani epolymer kana nemapoka ecarboxyl anogadzirwa panguva yehydrolysis, zvichikanganisa maitiro e autocatalytic ehydrolysis uye nokudaro zvichiwana simba guru rekudzikamisa. Izvi zvinonyanya kusanganisira carbodiimide, oxazoline, epoxy, uye aziridine hydrolysis inhibitors.

2. Carbodiimide ndiyo inhibitor inobatsira zvikuru uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya ye reactive hydrolysis.

Carbodiimides parizvino ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa uye inoshanda yemishonga inodzivirira hydrolysis. Inoshanda nemapoka e carboxyl anogadzirwa ne polymer hydrolysis kuti igadzire N-acylurea yakagadzikana, nokudaro ichibvisa catalyst ye hydrolysis reaction uye ichikanganisa autocatalytic cycle. Oxazoline derivatives, imwe kirasi yakakosha yemishonga inodzivirira hydrolysis, ine oxazoline ring seboka rayo reactive functional. Oxazoline ring inogona kuita nemapoka e carboxyl ne hydroxyl kuti igadzire ester amides kana diesters, nokudaro ichidzikamisa magumo e polymer. Epoxy-functionalized polymers inoshandisa reactivity yakakwira yemapoka e epoxy kuti ipe kugadzikana. Mapoka e epoxy anogona kuita nemapoka e carboxyl, hydroxyl, uye kunyange amino, nokudaro ichivhara mapoka aya e reactive.

Tafura: Kuenzanisa kweCommon Reactive Hydrolysis Resistants

Mhando dzemishonga inodzivirira hydrolysis	kabhohaidhiretsi	Mapolima eboka rinoshanda reEpoxy	Oxazolinides
Maitiro Epakati	Inosangana nemapoka e carboxyl anokonzerwa ne hydrolysis kuti igadzire N-acylurea yakagadzikana, nokudaro ichikanganisa autocatalytic cycle.	Boka rayo re epoxy rinogona kuita nemapoka akasiyana-siyana akadai se carboxyl, hydroxyl, uye amino groups.	Mhete yayo ye oxazoline inogona kusangana nemapoka e carboxyl ne hydroxyl.
Zvakanakira zvikuru	●Kuramba kwakanyanya kukanganiswa nehydrolysis, uye izvi zvinonyanya kukosha.	●Mashandiro akawanda: Inosanganisa mabasa ekuwedzera cheni uye kugadzirisa mamorekuru akaora.	● Maitiro maviri, ane mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana
	Huwandu hwekuwedzera hudiki (0.5%-2.0%), husina simba rakawanda pahunhu hwechinhu chacho.	● Inogona kuwedzera simba rekunyunguduka uye kusimba kwemuviri	● Inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chinobatanidza mune mamwe masisitimu.
	● Kuchengetedzwa kwakanaka	● Kuenderana kwakanaka nema polymers
Zvakashata zvikuru	● Mutengo wakakwira	●Semushonga mumwe chete unodzivirira hydrolysis, kushanda kwayo hakusi kwakanyatsojeka sekushandiswa kwecarbodiimide.	● Mitengo inowanzova inodhura zvakanyanya
	● Inonyanya kurwisa mapoka e-carboxyl; haiite zvakananga nemapoka e-hydroxyl.	● Kuwedzera zvakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kubatana kana kusanganiswa kweganda.	● Haina mukana wekushanda zvakanaka mumashandisirwo akajairika
Maitiro akajairika	● Polyester: PBT, PET, PLA, PBAT	● Kudzokorodza mapurasitiki: Kugadzirisa rPET, nezvimwewo.	● Polyester (PET, PBT)
	● Polyurethane: TPU, CPU (zvigadziko zveshangu, mapombi, nezvimwewo)	● Polyamide (Nylon)	●Polyamide
		● Masisitimu epolyester anoda kukora panguva imwe chete	● Polymer alloy (sechinhu chinobatanidza)

 

3. Carbodiimide inovhara maitiro ehydrolysis nekuita pamwe chete nemacarboxylic acids kuti igadzire maumbirwo e acylurea.

Mapolymer epolyester anoratidza kugadzikana kusina kunaka kwehunyoro. Kana mamiriro ekupisa kwakanyanya uye hunyoro akakwira, ma ester bonds ari mupolymer anosangana nemvura, zvichiita kuti chimiro che "long-chain" che "macromolecule" chiputse uye chigadzire mapoka e "terminal carboxyl". Aya mapoka e "terminal carboxyl" anogona kuita kuti H+ ioni ioni dzive ioni, zvichikonzera kuti hydrolysis reaction iite ne acid, zvichizopedzisira zvaita kuti pave nekuderera kukuru muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye hupenyu hwebasa hupfupike zvikuru. Ma "Carbodiimide compounds", ane mapoka e "carbodiimide" (N=C=N) anoshanda, anogona kuita nemapoka e "carboxyl" anogadzirwa panguva ye polymer hydrolysis kuti aumbe maumbirwo e "stable acylurea", panguva imwe chete achideredza kuwanda kwe "carboxyl group" uye kudzivirira hydrolysis. Ndiwo mamwe emishonga inonyanya kushandiswa ye "anti-hydrolysis agents" iripo parizvino.

Mishonga inodzivirira hydrolysis yeCarbodiimide yakasiyana-siyana uye inogona kupatsanurwa zvakanyanya mumhando dzemonomeric nepolymeric. Monomeric carbodiimide compounds ine boka rimwe chete recarbodiimide functional uye mamorekuru madiki compounds. Polymeric carbodiimide compounds inowanzova nemapoka maviri kana anopfuura ecarbodiimide functional, ine huremu hwakanyanya hwemamorekuru, uye ndeyemhando yepolymer structure yechain-chain.

Monomeric carbodiimidemishonga inodzivirira hydrolysisZvinwiwa kana makristaro zvakachenuruka kubva kune yero kusvika kune shava patembiricha yemumba. Zvinonyungudika muzvinhu zvinonyungudutsa asi hazvinyungudike mumvura, uye zvine zvakanakira zvakaita sekuchena kwakanyanya, kugadzirira kuri nyore, uye kuita zvakawanda. 2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)carbodiimide ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mukutengeserana monomeric carbodiimide antihydrolysis agent.

 

Ma polymeric carbodiimides anenge ari mapoda eyero kusvika kubrown kana kuti zvinwiwa zvinonamira patembiricha yemumba, aine huwandu hwemamorekuru hunowanzo pfuura 1000, nepo huwandu hwemamorekuru e oligomers huchidzorwa panosvika 2000. Ma polymeric carbodiimides anowanzo kuwanikwa nekuita diisocyanate monomers, catalysts, solvents, uye end-capping agents patembiricha yakakodzera. Kutanga, ma diisocyanate monomers anosangana ne condensation reaction pasi pe catalyst kuti awane prepolymer ine ma carbodiimide groups akawanda uye isocyanate end groups. Zvadaro, ma isocyanate groups anoita ne active hydrogen kubva ku end-capping agent kuti awane polycarbodiimides. Ma polycarbodiimides akajairika anowanikwa nekuita condensing 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-1,5-diisocyanate uye end-capping ne 2,6-diisopropylphenyl monoisocyanate.

 

4. Nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya dze carbodiimide

PET, sezvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa nepolyester, ine hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika, kugadzikana kwezvikamu, kuramba makemikari, uye hunhu hwemaziso, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yekurima, maindasitiri, kuvaka, kurapa, uye mota. PET inogadzirwa kuburikidza ne polycondensation yePTA ne ethylene glycol; ma ester bonds anonyanya kukanganiswa ne hydrolytic degradation, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwe polymer viscosity uye kuora kwakanyanya kwekushanda. PET hydrolysis inoderedza kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvayo zviri pasi munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya, dzine hunyoro, kana dzekunze. Ongororo dzakabatana dzakawana kuti kuisa monomeric anti-hydrolysis agents muPET masterbatch kugadzirira masampuli emafirimu kunovandudza kuramba kupisa, kukwegura kwekupisa, uye kureba pakuputsika kwezvigadzirwa zvefirimu. Aromatic carbodiimide inoratidza kushanda kwakanaka kwe hydrolysis.

Kugadzirwa kwepolyurethane kunoshandisa mamonomer akasiyana-siyana, kunoita kuti pave nemaitiro akarongwa, uye kunopa zvakanakira zvakaita sesimba guru, kuramba kukwesha, kuramba kupisa zvakanaka, uye nyore kugadzira. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaglues, coatings, elastomers, foamed plastics, uye synthetic fibers. Polyurethane yemhando yepolyester inogadzirwa kubva kumapolyester polyols eoligomeric, ane ma ester bonds akawanda mumaketani avo emamorekuru, zvichikonzera kusasimba kwehydrolysis. Carbodiimide anti-hydrolysis agents hadzina mhedzisiro yakaipa pakugadzirwa kwepolyurethane uye dzinogona kuwedzerwa kupolyester polyol panguva yekugadzira. Uyezve, polymeric carbodiimides yakagadzirwa ne isocyanate condensation ine -N=C=O end groups, zvichivabvumira kutora chikamu mukuita kuti vagadzire hydrolysis-resistant polyurethane. Uyezve, carbodiimides inogona kuwedzerwa panguva yekubatanidza polyurethane. Zvidzidzo zvakabatana zvakaratidza kuti kuwedzerwa kwemacarbodiimides kunogona kuderedza acid yekutanga yepolyester polyol, kudzivirira polyester hydrolysis, uye kuvandudza zvinobudirira hydrolysis resistance yeTPU.

Mapolymer anoora akavakirwa papolyester akadai sePBAT, PLA, uye polyglycolic acid (PGA) ane hunhu hwakanaka hwe biocompatibility, biodegradability, kuchengetedzeka, kusakuvadza, uye hunhu hwakanaka hwemuviri uye hwemakanika, zvichiratidza tarisiro huru mumidziyo yekurapa, zvinhu zvekurongedza, uye kurima. Zvisinei, zvinhu izvi zvinoora zvese zvinotambura nekusagadzikana kwe hydrolytic uye thermal, zvinokurumidza kuora panguva yekugadzirisa, kuchengetwa, uye kushandiswa, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwekushanda uye kutadza kusvika pahupenyu hwazvo hunotarisirwa. Carbodiimide inogona kuita capping reaction ne terminal carboxyl groups mumaketani emamorekuru ePBAT, PLA, uye PGA kugadzira chimiro che acylurea chakasimba, panguva imwe chete ichidzivisa hydrolysis uye kuvandudza kugadzikana kwethermal.

Carbodiimide-modified MDI (inozivikanwawo se liquefied MDI) ndeimwe yezvigadzirwa zvikuru zvakagadziriswa zve diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Inogadzirwa ne condensation reaction yeMDI pasi pechiito che catalyst kugadzira mapoka e carbodiimide. Carbodiimide-modified MDI inozivikanwa nekuve mvura patembiricha yemumba, iri nyore kuchengeta, uye inogara kwenguva refu. Panguva imwe chete, inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kuramba kwe hydrolysis kwezvinhu zve polyurethane.

Kana uchida kuziva zvimwe zvinhu zvinodzivirira hydrolysis, usazezataura nesu.