1.Ngā kaihoko ārai-waiKo te whāinga matua he aukati i te tukanga waikura o ngā pūmua polyester.

I roto i ngā tono e whakamahi ana i ngā pūmua kei roto ngā here ester, pērā i te PBT, PET, PLA, me ngā polyurethane (TPU, CPU), ka tere te whakaeke a ngā ngota wai i ngā here ester, urethane rānei i roto i te mekameka ngota i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana me te haumākū teitei. Ka hua ake tēnei i te whatinga o te mekameka me te waikura, te hekenga o te taumaha ngota pūmua, ā, nō reira, te pakarukaru, te ngatata, me te ngaronga o te mahi. Ka whakamahia ngā āpiha ārai-waikura hei ārai i tēnei tukanga waikura. E rua ngā wāhanga matua o ngā āpiha ārai-waikura: te tauhohe me te ā-tinana. Ka whakakorea e ngā āpiha ārai-waikura tauhohe ngā wāhi tīmatanga, ngā hua rānei o te waikura mā roto i ngā tauhohenga matū, e tohu ana i te tikanga matua me te tino whai hua. Ko ngā āpiha ārai-waikura ā-tinana, i tētahi atu taha, ka ārai, ka mimiti rānei i te makuku mā roto i te mahi ā-tinana.

Kāore ngā aukati waikura ā-tinana e whai wāhi ki ngā tauhohenga matū engari ka ārai i te urunga o te makuku mā roto i ngā tikanga ā-tinana. Ko ngā momo matua ko ngā zeolite, te konupūmā waikura (CaO), te oneone diatomaceous, ngā silane, me ngā ware pi. Mā roto i ō rātou hanganga porous, i ngā tauhohenga matū rānei, ka mimiti, ka raka hoki ngā zeolite me te konupūmā waikura i te makuku e mimitihia ana e te polymer i te wā tukatuka me te whakamahinga, ko te tiaki matua i ngā rauemi mai i te pirau nā te iti o te makuku i mua i te tukatuka (pēnei i te werohanga me te extrusion), ko te mahi matua he āhuatanga "whakamaroke". Ko ngā silane me ngā ware pi, i tētahi atu taha, ka heke ki te mata o te hua, ka hanga he arai waikura, ka whakawhānui rānei i te ara urunga makuku mā roto i ngā whakakī paparanga (pēnei i te uku), ko te tiaki matua i te mata o te rauemi.

Ka taea e ngā aukati waikura tauhohe te tauhohe ki ngā rōpū carboxyl (-COOH) i ngā pito o ngā mekameka polymer, ki ngā rōpū carboxyl rānei i puta i te wā waikura, ka whakakore i te tukanga autocatalytic o te waikura, ā, ka tutuki ai he pānga pumau taketake. Ko te nuinga o ēnei ko ngā aukati waikura carbodiimide, oxazoline, epoxy, me aziridine.

2. Ko te Carbodiimide te aukati waikura tauhohe tino whai hua, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hoki.

Ko ngā Carbodiimides te momo rongoā ārai-waikura e whakamahia whānuitia ana, e whai hua ana hoki i tēnei wā. Ka tauhohe rātou ki ngā rōpū carboxyl i hangaia e te waikura polymer hei hanga N-acylurea pumau, ā, ka whakakorea te whakakorikori mō te tauhohenga waikura, ka whakakorea hoki te huringa autocatalytic. Ko ngā matū oxazoline, tētahi atu momo rongoā ārai-waikura tauhohe, he mowhiti oxazoline hei rōpū mahi tauhohe. Ka taea e te mowhiti oxazoline te tauhohe ki ngā rōpū carboxyl me te hydroxyl hei hanga amides ester, diesters rānei, ā, ka pumau ai ngā pito polymer. Ka whakamahia e ngā polymer epoxy-functionalized te tauhohenga teitei o ngā rōpū epoxy hei whakarato i te pumau. Ka taea e ngā rōpū epoxy te tauhohe ki te carboxyl, hydroxyl, tae atu ki ngā rōpū amino, ā, ka ārai i ēnei rōpū tauhohe.

Ripanga: Whakataurite i ngā Ātete Wairewa Tauhohenga Noa

Ngā momo āpiha ārai-wai	kapowaihāmire	Ngā pūmua rōpū mahi epoxy	Ngā Oxazolinides
Tikanga Matua	Ka tauhohe ki ngā rōpū carboxyl i hangaia e te hydrolysis hei whakaputa i te N-acylurea pumau, ā, ka whakakore i te huringa autocatalytic.	Ka taea e tōna rōpū epoxy te tauhohe ki ngā rōpū rerekē pērā i te carboxyl, te hydroxyl, me ngā rōpū amino.	Ka taea e tōna mowhiti oxazoline te tauhohe ki ngā rōpū carboxyl me te hydroxyl.
Ngā painga matua	●He tino ātete ki te waikura, ā, koinei te pānga tino nui.	●Maha Mahi: Ka whakakotahi i ngā mahi o te toronga mekameka me te whakatika i ngā ngota ngota kua pakaru.	● Tauhohenga mahi-rua, me te whānuitanga o ngā whakamahinga
	He iti te nui o te tāpiri (0.5%-2.0%), ā, he iti noa te pānga ki ngā āhuatanga o roto o te rauemi.	●Ka taea te whakapai ake i te kaha me te matotoru o te rewa	● Ka taea te whakamahi hei hototahi ki ētahi pūnaha.
	● Haumaru pai rawa atu	● He pai te hototahitanga ki ngā pūmua
Ngā ngoikoretanga matua	● He utu nui	●Hei ārai-wai kotahi, kāore tōna whai huatanga i te tino motuhake pērā i te carbodiimide.	● Ko ngā utu te nuinga o te wā e tino nui ana te utu
	● E aro nui ana ki ngā rōpū carboxyl; kāore e tauhohe tika ki ngā rōpū hydroxyl.	● Mā te nui rawa o te tāpiri ka arahi pea ki te hononga whakawhiti, ki te whakapūmau rānei.	● Kāore i te whai hua i roto i ngā tono whānui
Ngā tono noa	● Polyester: PBT, PET, PLA, PBAT	● Te hangarua kirihou: Te whakatika i te rPET, me ētahi atu.	● Polyester (PET, PBT)
	● Polyurethane: TPU, CPU (ngā kapu hū, ngā ngongo, me ētahi atu)	● Polyamide (Nailona)	●Poromaima
		● Ngā pūnaha polyester e hiahia ana kia whakamātotoruhia i te wā kotahi	● Koranu pūmārō (hei hototahi)

 

3. Ka ārai te carbodiimide i te tukanga waikura mā te tauhohe ki ngā waikawa carboxylic hei hanga hanganga acylurea.

He ngoikore te pumau o ngā pūmua polyester. I raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana me te haumākū teitei, ka tauhohe ngā here ester i roto i te pūmua ki te wai, ka pakaru te hanganga mekameka roa o te macromolecule ka whakaputa i ngā rōpū carboxyl whakamutunga. Ka taea e ēnei rōpū carboxyl whakamutunga te whakaionize i ngā katote H+, ka whakatere ake i te tauhohenga hydrolysis ki te waikawa, ā, ka mutu ka heke te maha o ngā āhuatanga rauemi me te whakapoto i te roa o te mahi. Ka taea e ngā matū Carbodiimide, kei roto ngā rōpū mahi carbodiimide (N=C=N), te tauhohe ki ngā rōpū carboxyl i hangaia i te wā hydrolysis polymer hei hanga hanganga acylurea pumau, ka whakaiti i te kukū o te rōpū carboxyl me te aukati i te hydrolysis atu. Ko ēnei ētahi o ngā kaihoko anti-hydrolysis e whakamahia whānuitia ana e wātea ana i tēnei wā.

He rerekē ngā āpiha ārai-waikawa o te Carbodiimide, ā, ka taea te whakarōpū whānuitia ki ngā momo monomeric me ngā momo polymeric. Kotahi anake te rōpū mahi carbodiimide kei roto i ngā pūhui carbodiimide monomeric, ā, he pūhui ngota iti. Ko ngā pūhui carbodiimide polymeric he rua, neke atu rānei ngā rōpū mahi carbodiimide, he taumaha ngota teitei, ā, nō te momo hanganga polymer mekameka-roa.

Carbodiimide monomericngā kaihoko ārai-waiHe wai, he tioata rānei, he kōwhai kanapa ki te parauri i te pāmahana rūma. Ka wairewa i roto i ngā whakarewa waro engari kāore e wairewa i roto i te wai, ā, he painga anō hoki pērā i te parakore teitei, te whakarite ngāwari, me te kaha tauhohenga teitei. Ko te 2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)carbodiimide te kaihoko ārai waikura monomeric carbodiimide e whakamahia whānuitia ana.

 

He paura kōwhai ki te parauri, he wai matotoru rānei ngā carbodiimides polymeric i te pāmahana rūma, me te papatipu ngota whanaunga neke atu i te 1000, ko te papatipu ngota whanaunga o ngā oligomers e whakahaeretia ana i te 2000 pea. Ko te tikanga ka whiwhihia ngā carbodiimides polymeric mā te tauhohe i ngā monomers diisocyanate, ngā whakakorikori, ngā whakarewa, me ngā kaihoko pito-taupoki i ngā pāmahana e tika ana. Tuatahi, ka pāngia ngā monomers diisocyanate e te tauhohenga whakapūpū i raro i te whakakorikori hei whiwhi i te prepolymer kei roto he maha ngā rōpū carbodiimide me ngā rōpū mutunga isocyanate. Kātahi ka tauhohe ngā rōpū isocyanate ki te hauwai hohe mai i te kaihoko pito-taupoki hei whiwhi polycarbodiimides. Ko ngā polycarbodiimides noa ka whiwhihia mā te whakapūpū i te 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-1,5-diisocyanate me te pito-taupoki ki te 2,6-diisopropylphenyl monoisocyanate.

 

4. Ngā wāhi tono noa o te carbodiimide

Ko te PET, te rauemi polyester tino noa, he tino pai ngā āhuatanga miihini, te pumau o ngā āhuatanga, te ātete matū, me ngā āhuatanga whatu, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mara ahuwhenua, ahumahi, hangahanga, hauora, me ngā mara motuka. Ka hangaia te PET mā te polycondensation o te PTA me te ethylene glycol; he tino ngāwari ngā hononga ester ki te pirau hydrolytic, ka heke te matotoru o te polymer me te hekenga nui o te mahi. Ka whakawhāitihia e te hydrolysis PET te tono o ana hua o muri i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei, haumākū, o waho rānei. Kua kitea e ngā rangahau e pā ana ko te whakauru i ngā kaihoko anti-hydrolysis monomeric ki roto i te PET masterbatch hei whakarite i ngā tauira kiriata ka whakapai ake i te ātete wera, te koroheketanga wera makuku, me te roa i te wā e whati ana ngā hua kiriata. He tino pai te mahi hydrolysis a te carbodiimide kakara.

He whānuitia ngā momo monomer o te hanganga polyurethane, ā, ka taea te whakahaere i ngā tauhohenga, ā, he pai hoki te ātete ki te pāmahana, me te ngāwari o te tukatuka. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā piripiri, ngā paninga, ngā elastomer, ngā kirihou pahuka, me ngā muka hangai. Ko te polyurethane momo polyester he mea hanga mai i ngā polyol polyester oligomeric, he maha ngā here ester kei roto i ō rātou mekameka ngota, ka hua ake he ātete waikura iti. He iti noa ngā pānga kino o ngā kaihoko anti-waikura Carbodiimide ki te hanganga polyurethane, ā, ka taea te tāpiri atu ki te polyol polyester i te wā o te tukanga hanganga. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā carbodiimides polymeric i hangaia mā te whakapūtanga isocyanate kei roto ngā rōpū pito -N=C=O, e āhei ai rātou ki te whai wāhi atu ki te tauhohenga ki te whakarite i te polyurethane ātete-waikura. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te tāpiri i ngā carbodiimides i te wā o te whakaranu polyurethane. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau e pā ana ko te tāpiri o ngā carbodiimides ka taea te whakaiti i te uara waikawa tuatahi o te polyol polyester, te aukati i te waikura polyester, me te whakapai ake i te ātete waikura o te TPU.

He pai te hototahitanga koiora, te pirau, te haumaru, te kore paitini, me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ā-mīhini o ngā pūmua pirau-koiora e ahu mai ana i te polyester pērā i te PBAT, PLA, me te waikawa polyglycolic (PGA), ā, he pai hoki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ā-mīhini, e whakaatu ana i te tino whai huatanga i roto i ngā taputapu hauora, ngā rauemi tākai, me te ahuwhenua. Heoi, he ngoikore te pumau o ēnei rauemi pirau katoa i te wai me te pāmahana, ka pirau wawe i te wā tukatuka, rokiroki, me te whakamahinga, ka heke te mahi, ā, ka kore e eke ki te roanga o te ora e tumanakohia ana. Ka taea e te Carbodiimide te whai i tētahi tauhohenga taupoki me ngā rōpū carboxyl whakamutunga i roto i ngā mekameka ngota o te PBAT, PLA, me te PGA hei whakaputa i tētahi hanganga acylurea pumau, me te aukati i te wai me te whakapai ake i te pumau pāmahana.

Ko te MDI kua whakarerekētia ki te Carbodiimide (e mōhiotia ana ko te MDI kua wai) tētahi o ngā hua matua kua whakarerekētia o te diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Ka puta mai i te tauhohenga whakapūpū o te MDI i raro i te mahi a te whakakorikori hei whakaputa i ngā rōpū carbodiimide. Ko te MDI kua whakarerekētia ki te Carbodiimide he wai i te pāmahana rūma, he ngāwari ki te penapena, ā, he roa te wā e ora ai. I te wa ano, ka taea e ia te whakapai ake i te ātete ki te waikura o ngā rauemi polyurethane.

Mena kei te hiahia koe ki te mōhio atu ki ngā hua ārai-waikura, tēnā whakapā maiwhakapā mai.