1.Ndị na-egbochi hydrolysisEbumnuche bụ isi bụ igbochi usoro hydrolysis nke polyester polymers.

N'ime ngwa ndị e ji polima nwere njikọ ester, dị ka PBT, PET, PLA, na polyurethanes (TPU, CPU), molekul mmiri na-awakpo njikọ ester ma ọ bụ urethane ngwa ngwa n'ime yinye molekul n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na iru mmiri dị elu. Nke a na-eduga na mgbawa nke yinye na hydrolysis, mbelata na ibu molekul polymer, ya mere, mgbawa, mgbawa, na ọnwụ nke arụmọrụ. A na-eji ihe ndị na-egbochi hydrolysis alụso usoro hydrolysis a ọgụ. A na-ekewakarị ihe ndị na-egbochi hydrolysis n'ime ụdị abụọ: reactive na anụ ahụ. Ihe ndị na-egbochi hydrolysis na-emeghachi omume na-ewepụ ebe mmalite ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa nke hydrolysis site na mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ, na-anọchite anya usoro kachasị na nke dị irè nke ukwuu. N'aka nke ọzọ, ihe ndị na-egbochi hydrolysis anụ ahụ na-egbochi ma ọ bụ na-amịkọrọ mmiri site na omume anụ ahụ.

Ihe mgbochi hydrolysis anụ ahụ anaghị esonye na mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ mana ha na-egbochi mmiri ịbanye site na ụzọ anụ ahụ. Ụdị ndị a na-anọchite anya ya gụnyere zeolites, calcium oxide (CaO), ala diatomaceous, silanes, na waxes. Zeolites na calcium oxide, site na nhazi oghere ha ma ọ bụ mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ, na-amịkọrọ ma na-egbochi mmiri nke polymer ahụ na-amịkọrọ n'oge nhazi na ojiji, nke bụ isi na-echebe ihe ndị sitere na mmebi n'ihi oke mmiri tupu nhazi (dịka ịkpụzi na mwepụ nke ọgwụ), nke bụ isi na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe "na-ekpo ọkụ". Silanes na waxes, n'aka nke ọzọ, na-akwaga n'elu ngwaahịa ahụ, na-emepụta ihe mgbochi hydrophobic, ma ọ bụ na-agbatị ụzọ mmiri ịbanye site na ihe ndị e ji kpuchie (dị ka ụrọ), nke bụ isi na-echebe elu ihe ahụ.

Ndị na-egbochi hydrolysis nwere ike imeghachi omume na otu carboxyl (-COOH) na nsọtụ nke yinye polymer ma ọ bụ site na otu carboxyl nke e mepụtara n'oge hydrolysis, na-egbochi usoro autocatalytic nke hydrolysis ma si otú a na-enweta mmetụta dị mkpa. Ndị a gụnyere carbodimide, oxazoline, epoxy, na aziridine hydrolysis inhibitors.

2. Carbodiimide bụ ihe kacha baa uru ma a na-ejikarị eme ihe na-egbochi hydrolysis.

Carbodiimides bụ ndị kacha eji eme ihe ma dị irè ugbu a nke ndị na-egbochi hydrolysis. Ha na-emeghachi omume na otu carboxyl nke polymer hydrolysis mepụtara iji mepụta N-acylurea kwụsiri ike, si otú a na-ewepụ ihe na-akpali mmeghachi omume hydrolysis ma na-egbochi okirikiri autocatalytic. Ihe ndị sitere na Oxazoline, otu dị mkpa nke ndị na-egbochi hydrolysis reactive, nwere mgbanaka oxazoline dị ka otu ọrụ ha na-arụ ọrụ. Mgbanaka oxazoline nwere ike imeghachi omume na otu carboxyl na hydroxyl iji mepụta ester amides ma ọ bụ diesters, si otú a na-eme ka njedebe polymer sie ike. Polymers ndị na-arụ ọrụ na Epoxy na-eji nnukwu mmeghachi omume nke otu epoxy iji nye nkwụsi ike. Otu epoxy nwere ike imeghachi omume na carboxyl, hydroxyl, na ọbụna otu amino, si otú a na-emechi otu ndị a na-emeghachi omume.

Tebụl: Ntụnyere nke ihe ndị na-eguzogide mmiri hydrolysis nkịtị

Ụdị ihe mgbochi hydrolysis	carbodimide	Polymers otu ọrụ nke Epoxy	Oxazolinids
Usoro Isi	Ọ na-emeghachi omume na otu carboxyl nke hydrolysis mepụtara iji mepụta N-acylurea kwụsiri ike, si otú a na-egbochi usoro autocatalytic.	Otu epoxy ya nwere ike imeghachi omume na otu dị iche iche dịka carboxyl, hydroxyl, na otu amino.	Mgbanaka oxazoline ya nwere ike imeghachi omume na otu carboxyl na hydroxyl.
Isi uru	●Ọ na-eguzogide hydrolysis nke ukwuu, nke nwere mmetụta kachasị mkpa.	●Ọtụtụ ọrụ: Ọ na-ejikọta ọrụ nke ịgbatị agbụ na ịrụzi molekul ndị mebiri emebi.	● Mmeghachi omume abụọ, yana ọtụtụ ojiji
	Ọnụọgụ mgbakwunye ahụ dị obere (0.5%-2.0%), na-enwe obere mmetụta na ihe onwunwe dị n'ime ihe ahụ.	● Nwere ike ime ka ike gbazee na viscosity dịkwuo mma	● Enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dakọọ na sistemụ ụfọdụ.
	● Nchekwa dị mma nke ukwuu	● Ndakọrịta dị mma na polima
Isi ọghọm dị na ya	● Ọnụ ego dị oke elu	●Dịka otu ihe na-egbochi hydrolysis, arụmọrụ ya adịghị kpọmkwem dịka nke carbodimide.	● Ọnụ ego na-abụkarị nke kachasị ọnụ
	● Ọ na-elekwasị anya n'ìgwè carboxyl; ọ naghị emeghachi omume ozugbo na otu hydroxyl.	● Mgbakwunye gabigara ókè nwere ike ibute njikọta ma ọ bụ njikọta.	● Enweghị uru arụmọrụ n'ọrụ izugbe
Ngwa ndị a na-ahụkarị	● Polyester: PBT, PET, PLA, PBAT	● Imegharị ihe plastik: Ịrụzi rPET, wdg.	● Polyester (PET, PBT)
	● Polyurethane: TPU, CPU (ụkwụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ, paịpụ, wdg)	● Polyamide (Naịlọn)	●Polyamide
		● Sistemụ polyester chọrọ ka ọ sie ike n'otu oge	● Ihe e ji ejikọta polymer (dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dakọọ)

 

3. Carbodiimide na-egbochi usoro hydrolysis site na imeghachi omume na carboxylic acids iji mepụta usoro acylurea.

Polyester polima na-egosipụta enweghị nkwụsi ike mmiri. N'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na iru mmiri dị elu, njikọ ester dị na polima na-emeghachi omume na mmiri, na-eme ka usoro ogologo nke macromolecule gbawaa ma mepụta otu carboxyl dị n'okpuru. Otu carboxyl ndị a nwere ike ime ka ion H+ dị n'okpuru, na-eme ka mmeghachi omume hydrolysis na acid dịkwuo mma, na-eduga na mbelata dị ukwuu na ihe onwunwe dị iche iche na ndụ ọrụ dị mkpụmkpụ nke ukwuu. Ngwakọta Carbodiimide, nke nwere otu ọrụ carbodimide (N=C=N), nwere ike imeghachi omume na otu carboxyl emepụtara n'oge hydrolysis polymer iji mepụta usoro acylurea kwụsiri ike, n'otu oge ahụ na-ebelata mkpokọta otu carboxyl ma na-egbochi hydrolysis ọzọ. Ha so n'ime ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe megide hydrolysis dị ugbu a.

Ihe ndị na-egbochi mmiri mmiri nke Carbodiimide dị iche iche, a pụkwara ikewa ha n'ọtụtụ ụzọ n'ụdị monomeric na polymeric. Ihe ndị na-akpata monomeric carbodiimide nwere naanị otu otu ọrụ nke carbodiimide ma bụrụ obere ihe ndị na-akpata molekul. Ihe ndị na-akpata polymer carbodiimide na-enwekarị otu ọrụ nke carbodiimide abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa, ha nwere oke ibu nke molekul, ha sokwa n'ụdị nhazi polymer ogologo.

Carbodiimide monomericndị na-egbochi mmiri mmiriHa na-acha odo odo ruo aja aja ma ọ bụ kristal n'ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ụlọ. Ha na-agbaze na ihe mgbaze organic mana ha anaghị agbaze na mmiri, ha nwekwara uru dị ka ịdị ọcha dị elu, nkwadebe dị mfe, na mmeghachi omume dị elu. 2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)carbodiimide bụ ihe nnọchi anya monomeric carbodiimide antihydrolysis nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ahịa.

 

Carbodiimides Polymeric na-acha odo odo ruo aja aja ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri viscous n'ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ụlọ, yana oke molekul dị n'ozuzu ya karịrị 1000, ebe a na-achịkwa oke molekul dị n'etiti oligomers na ihe dịka 2000. A na-enwetakarị carbodiimides Polymeric site na ịmeghachi omume monomers diisocyanate, catalyst, ihe mgbaze, na ihe ndị na-egbochi njedebe na okpomọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị. Nke mbụ, monomers diisocyanate na-enweta mmeghachi omume condensation n'okpuru ihe na-akpali akpali iji nweta prepolymer nwere ọtụtụ otu carbodiimide na otu njedebe isocyanate. Mgbe ahụ, otu isocyanate na-emeghachi omume na hydrogen na-arụ ọrụ site na ihe na-egbochi njedebe iji nweta polycarbodiimides. A na-enweta polycarbodiimides nkịtị site na ijikọ 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-1,5-diisocyanate na njedebe-capping na 2,6-diisopropylphenyl monoisocyanate.

 

4. Ebe a na-ejikarị carbodimide eme ihe

PET, dịka ihe polyester kachasị a na-ahụkarị, nwere nnukwu ihe eji arụ ọrụ, nkwụsi ike nha, iguzogide kemịkalụ, na ihe ndị na-ahụ anya, a na-ejikwa ya nke ọma n'ọrụ ugbo, ụlọ ọrụ, owuwu, ahụike, na ubi ụgbọala. A na-emepụta PET site na polycondensation nke PTA na ethylene glycol; njikọ ester ahụ nwere ike ibute mmebi hydrolytic, na-eduga na mbelata na viscosity polymer na mmebi arụmọrụ dị njọ. PET hydrolysis na-egbochi ojiji nke ngwaahịa ndị dị n'okpuru ala na gburugburu okpomọkụ dị elu, mmiri mmiri, ma ọ bụ n'èzí. Nnyocha ndị metụtara ya achọpụtala na itinye ihe ndị na-egbochi hydrolysis monomeric na PET masterbatch iji kwadebe ihe nlele ihe nkiri na-eme ka iguzogide okpomọkụ dịkwuo mma, ịka nká okpomọkụ mmiri mmiri, na ịgbatị oge mgbe ngwaahịa ihe nkiri ahụ gbawara. Carbodiimide na-esi ísì ụtọ na-egosi arụmọrụ hydrolysis dị mma karịsịa.

Njikọta Polyurethane na-eji ọtụtụ monomers dị iche iche, na-enye ohere maka mmeghachi omume a na-achịkwa, ma na-enye uru dịka ike dị elu, iguzogide abrasion, ezigbo iguzogide okpomọkụ, na mfe nhazi. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ihe nrapado, mkpuchi, elastomers, plastik ụfụfụ, na eriri sịntetik. A na-eji polyester ụdị polyester eme ihe site na polyols oligomeric polyester, nke nwere ọtụtụ njikọ ester na agbụ molekul ha, na-ebute enweghị ike iguzogide hydrolysis. Ndị na-egbochi hydrolysis Carbodiimide nwere obere mmetụta ọjọọ na njikọ polyurethane ma enwere ike itinye ya na polyester polyol n'oge usoro mmepụta. Ọzọkwa, polymeric carbodimides nke isocyanate condensation kwadebere nwere otu njedebe -N=C=O, na-enye ha ohere isonye na mmeghachi omume iji kwadebe polyurethane na-eguzogide hydrolysis. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike itinye carbodimides n'oge ngwakọta polyurethane. Ọmụmụ ihe ndị metụtara ya egosila na mgbakwunye nke carbodimides nwere ike ibelata uru acid mbụ nke polyester polyol, gbochie hydrolysis polyester, ma melite iguzogide hydrolysis nke TPU nke ọma.

Polymers ndị a na-ere ere nke dabere na polyester dịka PBAT, PLA, na polyglycolic acid (PGA) nwere ezigbo biocompatibility, biodegradability, nchekwa, enweghị nsí, yana ezigbo ihe anụ ahụ na mechanical, na-egosi nnukwu nkwa na ngwaọrụ ahụike, ihe nkwakọ ngwaahịa, na ọrụ ugbo. Agbanyeghị, ihe ndị a niile na-ere ere na-ata ahụhụ site na hydrolytic na okpomọkụ adịghị mma, na-emebi ngwa ngwa n'oge nhazi, nchekwa, na ojiji, na-eduga na mmebi arụmọrụ ma ghara iru ndụ ha tụrụ anya ya. Carbodiimide nwere ike ịnweta mmeghachi omume mkpuchi na otu carboxyl dị na usoro molekul nke PBAT, PLA, na PGA iji mepụta usoro acylurea kwụsiri ike, n'otu oge ahụ na-egbochi hydrolysis ma na-eme ka nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ ka mma.

MDI nke Carbodiimide gbanwere (nke a makwaara dị ka MDI a na-akpọ liquefied MDI) bụ otu n'ime ngwaahịa diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) gbanwere agbanwe. A na-emepụta ya site na mmeghachi omume condensation nke MDI n'okpuru ọrụ nke ihe na-akpali akpali iji mepụta otu carbodimide. A na-amata MDI nke Carbodiimide gbanwere site na ịbụ mmiri mmiri n'ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ụlọ, dị mfe ịchekwa, na inwe ndụ nchekwa ogologo oge. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ nwere ike ime ka iguzogide hydrolysis nke ihe polyurethane dịkwuo mma nke ukwuu.

Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịmatakwu banyere ngwaahịa ndị na-egbochi hydrolysis, biko kpọtụrụ anyịkpọtụrụ anyị.