ʻIke holoʻokoʻa o ka hoʻohana ʻana onā mea hoʻohuihui resin amino
ʻO ke kuleana nui o nā resins amino (melamine-formaldehyde, benzomelamine-formaldehyde, a me nā resins urea-formaldehyde) i nā uhi thermosetting, ʻo ia ke hoʻopili ʻana i nā molekala mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni nui i loko o kahi ʻano pūnaewele ʻekolu-dimensional ma o nā hopena kemika. Loaʻa kēia ʻano pūnaewele ma o ka hopena o nā molekala resin amino me nā hui hana ma nā molekala mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a i ka manawa like ma o ka polymerization condensation me nā molekala resin amino ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili maʻalahi nā resins Amino me nā polymers e loaʻa ana nā hui hydroxyl mua a me ka lua, nā hui carboxyl, a me nā hui amide; no laila, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā resins amino i nā ʻōnaehana pena e pili ana i nā resins acrylic, polyester, alkyd, a i ʻole epoxy.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā resins Amino i nā ʻōnaehana polyurethane e like me nā mea hoʻohui uhi e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana holoʻokoʻa o nā uhi no kekahi mau noi.
ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o nā resins amino:
ʻOi aku ka nui o ke koʻikoʻi o nā resins amino i nā varnish baking ma mua o ko lākou nui i nā uhi. Ke lilo nei ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā waiwai kemika o nā resins amino i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka hoʻohuihui uhi i mea nui. No ka laʻana,Inā ʻaʻole māʻona nā mea hoʻohui uhi i kekahi mau waiwai o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni uhi, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoponopono iā lākou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau ʻano hana:
1. Hoʻomaikaʻi a koho hou paha i ka resin hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni ponoʻī;
2. Ke koho ʻana i nā resins amino (methyl etherification a i ʻole butyl etherification, a me ke koho ʻana i ke kekelē o ka etherification, a pēlā aku);
3. ʻO ka lakio o ka resin hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka resin amino.
4. Koho ʻana i ka mea hoʻoulu (inā e hoʻohui a ʻaʻole paha, a me ka nui e hoʻohui ai).
ʻO nā helu ʻehā ma luna, koe wale nō ka mea mua,pili i nā resins amino. Pili nā waiwai o nā resins amino i kā lākou mau hui hana a me kā lākou hana; no laila, he mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o nā resins amino. Eia nō naʻe, ma mua o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā resins amino, he mea nui e loaʻa kahi ʻike kumu o nā resins kikowaena i hoʻohana ʻia me lākou.
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ʻo nā resins amino ka mea nuiHoʻohana ʻia i ka hui pū ʻana me nā resins alkyd, nā resins acrylic, nā resins polyester, a me nā resins epoxy. Hoʻohui nui ʻia nā resins Alkyd mai nā polyols a me nā resins polyacid ma o ka esterification. I ka wā o ka synthesis, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā waiʻona; ʻaʻole paha e pane piha kekahi mau hui carboxyl o nā polyacids, e hopena ana i nā resins alkyd e loaʻa ana kahi nui o nā hui carboxyl a me hydroxyl. ʻO ka nui o nā hui carboxyl a me hydroxyl e hōʻike pinepine ʻia e ka waiwai waikawa a me ka waiwai hydroxyl. Pili ka waiwai waikawa i ka helu o nā milligrams o KOH e pono ai e hoʻopau i ka 1g o ka resin paʻa ma o ka titration me KOH. Pili ka waiwai Hydroxyl i ka helu o nā milligrams o KOH e pono ai e hoʻopau loa i nā hui OH i loko o 1g o ka resin paʻa ma o ka titration me KOH. Pēlā nō, loaʻa pū i nā resins polyester, nā resins acrylic, a me nā resins amino kahi nui o nā hui carboxyl a me hydroxyl. Aia ka ʻokoʻa i nā mea maka i hoʻohana ʻia e synthesize i nā resins; no ka laʻana, ʻo nā hui carboxyl i loko o nā resins acrylic mai ka waikawa acrylic, a ʻo nā hui hydroxyl mai ka waikawa hydroxyacrylic. ʻOkoʻa nō hoʻi ka nui o nā hui carboxyl a me hydroxyl i loko o nā resins amino. ʻO ka waiwai waikawa, ka waiwai hydroxyl, a me ka viscosity he mau hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ia o nā resins, e hoʻopilikia pololei ana i kā lākou hana.
E hoʻi ana i ke kumuhana o nā resins amino, e nānā mua kākou i ko lākou ʻano:
Kiʻi 1:
Kiʻi 2
Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 1 i kahi resin amino alkylated hapa i loaʻa nā hui alkoxy, imino, a me hydroxymethyl. Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i ke apo ʻeono-lālā i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻātoma kalapona a me ka naikokene e like me ka iwi, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia nā lālā a i ʻole nā hale i loaʻa mai ia mea me ʻekolu mau poʻo a me ʻeono mau lima. ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole o nā waiwai o nā resins amino ma muli pono o nā ʻokoʻa o kēia mau "lima" ʻeono a me kā lākou hoʻonohonoho paʻakikī a me nā hui pū ʻana.
Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 2 i kahi ʻano HMMM symmetrical loa, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi resin amino methylated piha, me hoʻokahi wale nō hui hana: hui methoxy, kahi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki i ke kekelē o ka etherification ke hiki i ka 1:6 (ke kiʻekiʻe loa) i ka hana maoli, ʻo ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka resin amino methylated piha e loaʻa mau ana kekahi mau hui imino a me hydroxymethyl.
E hoʻomaka kākou ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā kumumanaʻo o nā resins amino e aʻo ai e pili ana i ko lākou mau waiwai:
ʻO ka hana mua i ka hana ʻana i ka resin, ʻo ia ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka melamine me ka formaldehyde i ke alo o kahi mea hoʻoulu e hana i ka polyhydroxymethyl melamine. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻātoma hydrogen hana a pau ma ke apo triazine i nā hui hydroxymethyl, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he 2 a 6 moles o ka formaldehyde e hana ana ma ke apo triazine. ʻO nā ʻātoma hydrogen hana i koe i hana ʻole ʻia e hōʻike ʻia e nā hui imino. E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai ma hope, he kuleana koʻikoʻi kēia mau hui i ke kaʻina hana hoʻōla ma o ka polymerization self-condensation.
He paʻa ʻole loa ka Polyhydroxymethyl melamine a he palena iki kona solubility i nā solvents uhi maʻamau. Hana nui nā resins Amino ma ke ʻano he cross-linking a me nā mea hoʻōla i nā uhi. No ka hana ʻana i kahi mea cross-linking kūpono no nā uhi, hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka hui hydroxymethyl me kahi waiʻona kaulahao pōkole e hōʻemi i kona reactivity a hoʻomaikaʻi i kona kūlike me nā mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni maʻamau a me nā solvents aliphatic. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka Methanol a me ka butanol ma ke ʻano he mau waiʻona kaulahao pōkole. Ma ka kaohi ʻana i ka nui o ka methanol a i ʻole ka butanol i hoʻohui ʻia a me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe, hiki ke loaʻa nā resins amino me nā kekelē like ʻole o ka etherification.
ʻO nā wahi wale nō i hana me ka formaldehyde (nā hui hydroxymethyl) hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia me nā waiʻona; ʻaʻole hana nā ʻātoma hydrogen i hana ʻole ʻia (nā hui imino) me nā waiʻona kaulahao pōkole. Eia kekahi, hōʻike kēia hana e hana nā hui hydroxymethyl ʻeono me nā waiʻona e hana i ka hexaalkoxymethyl melamine, ʻo ia hoʻi hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia ka hana ʻana o hoʻokahi a ʻeono mau hui hydroxymethyl me nā waiʻona. ʻO ia ke kumu i loaʻa ai iā mākou nā ʻano resins amino like ʻole.
Hoʻohuihui ponoʻī o nā resins amino :
Hoʻoholo ʻia ke kaumaha molekala o nā resins amino e ke kekelē o ka condensation ponoʻī a i ʻoleka hoʻopili ʻanama waena o nā hui hana (imino, hydroxymethyl, alkoxymethyl) ma ke apo triazine a me nā molekala melamine. I nā noi hope loa, ʻo ke kekelē o ka polymerization cross-linking e hoʻopilikia nui i ke kaumaha molekala o ka resin amino a me ka hana o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni uhi.
Hiki ke hana ʻia ka hopena hoʻopili ponoʻī o nā resins amino ma o ke ala aʻe:
Kiʻi 3:
ʻO ka hopena ma ka hema e hana i kahi alahaka methylene, ʻoiai ʻo ka hopena ma ka ʻākau e hana i kahi alahaka methylene ether. ʻO ke kekelē o ke alahaka i loko o nā resins amino e hōʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he kekelē o ka polymerization (DP): DP = ke kaumaha molekala / ke kaumaha o kēlā me kēia apo triazine. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā resins amino mua he polymerizing ponoʻī, me DP > 3.0. Ua hiki i nā holomua ʻenehana ke hōʻemi i ka condensation ponoʻī i loko o nā resins amino i hoʻopau ʻia. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā resins melamine i loaʻa ma ke kālepa he DP haʻahaʻa e like me 1.1.
ʻO ka hopena nui o ke kaumaha molekala amino resin e hōʻike ʻia ana i ka viscosity uhi. Pono e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā resins Melamine me ka DP > 2.0 me ka solvent i 50% –80% solids e hoʻokō ai i kahi viscosity kūpono. ʻO nā resins melamine ʻano Monomer me ka DP ma waena o 1.1 a me 1.5 e hoʻolako pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano solids 100%; loaʻa i nā solvents hou kahi hopena koʻikoʻi i nā VOC o ka uhi i hoʻopau ʻia. Hoʻopilikia pū ke kaumaha molekala o nā resins amino i ka hopena hoʻōla uhi a me nā waiwai kiʻiʻoniʻoni. ʻO kahi ʻōnaehana uhi e hoʻohana ana i ka resin amino DP kiʻekiʻe e hiki i ka density crosslinking i kuhikuhi ʻia i loko o ka manawa pōkole ma mua o kahi ʻōnaehana uhi e hoʻohana ana i ka resin amino me ke ʻano like akā he DP haʻahaʻa. No laila, ʻo nā uhi e loaʻa ana nā mea crosslinking kiʻekiʻe-DP e pono ai ka catalyst liʻiliʻi a i ʻole kahi catalyst acid nāwaliwali e hoʻokō ai i ke kūlana hoʻōla like. ʻO ka hopena o ke kaumaha molekala ma nā waiwai kiʻiʻoniʻoni aia ma ka pae flexibility. ʻO nā uhi i hoʻōla ʻia me nā resins amino DP kiʻekiʻe he pakeneka kiʻekiʻe o nā pilina amino-amino a me nā pilina amino-lacquer liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokumu kēia ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho pūnaewele crosslinking i kahi uhi me ka paʻakikī maikaʻi akā hiki ke palupalu. Hiki ke uku ʻia kēia i kekahi manawa ma ke koho ʻana i kahi resin pena ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā noi e koi ana i nā uhi palupalu loa e koi pinepine i nā resins amino monomeric.
Hiki i nā polyesters e loaʻa ana nā hui carboxyl ke hana me ka melamine-formaldehyde e hana i nā uhi ʻili thermosetting pono me nā ʻano waiwai kino like ʻole.
He nui nā resins butylated melamine-formaldehyde e kūpono ana i ke kālepa, ma muli o nā ʻokoʻa o ke kekelē mua o ka polymerization (kaumaha molekala) a me ka lakio o nā hui alkoxy i nā mea me ka ʻole o nā hui hydroxymethyl a me nā hydrogens amino. Hoʻopilikia kēia mau ʻokoʻa i ka viscosity wai, ka hoʻohālikelike o ka melamine me ka polyester, a me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka enamel. ʻO nā resins melamine kuʻuna, e hana ana me nā hui hydroxyl ʻaoʻao, e hoʻopili nui me nā molekala polyester. ʻOiai ua hoʻopili ʻia ka hopena crosslinking e ka waikawa, ma nā mahana hoʻōla ma waena o 120°C a me 150°C, ʻo nā waikawa ikaika e hoʻopilikia pinepine i ka hopena crosslinking o nā resins polyester; akā naʻe, pono kekahi mau polyesters i ka catalysis waikawa hou i nā waikawa nāwaliwali loa e hoʻōla i ka ʻōnaehana enamel.
Eia ke ʻano hanana: Ma waho aʻe o ka hopena crosslinking o ka melamine-polyester, loaʻa pū ka butylated melamine-formaldehyde resin i kahi hopena condensation ponoʻī. ʻO ia hoʻi, hele ka amino resin i ka self-crosslinking e hana i kahi ʻano pūnaewele melamine. Hana pū kēia hopena me ka hopena melamine-polyester a he hopena hoʻokūkū. ʻO ke kumu o kēia hopena, ʻo ia hoʻi, me nā hui butoxy, loaʻa pū i ka butylated melamine-formaldehyde resin nā hui methyl hydrocarbon manuahi a me ka hydrogen mai nā hui imino, hiki i nā mea āpau ke hana pū kekahi me kekahi. Ke hele ka amino resin i ka self-crosslinking, e nalowale kekahi o kāna mau hana.
ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻopili ponoʻī ʻana e hāʻawi pinepine i nā uhi i ka paʻakikī nui a me ke kūpaʻa kemika, hopena ia i ka nalowale nui o ka elasticity. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka elasticity lawa i nā varnish polyester...
ʻO Hexamethoxymethyl melamine (HMMM) kahi resin amino monomeric hydroxymethylated piha a me ka methylated piha. E like me ka butylated melamine-formaldehyde, hana ia i kahi hopena cross-linking me nā hui hydroxyl o ka resin polyester ma hope o ka hoʻomehana ʻana, e hana ana i kahi mea paʻa palupalu ʻole. ʻO ke kumu, me ka ʻole o kahi mea hoʻoulu waikawa, ʻaʻole e hana ʻo HMMM i ka crosslinking ponoʻī me ka manawa lōʻihi a i ʻole ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana. Eia nō naʻe, e hana ka HMMM nui i kahi hopena crosslinking ponoʻī ma 150°C i ke alo o kahi mea hoʻoulu waikawa ikaika. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai me ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi waikawa ikaika, e hana nā resins butylated melamine a me urea maʻamau i nā hopena crosslinking ponoʻī ikaika me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana.
Ka hopena ho'ōla o nā resins amino:
ʻOiai ua hoʻohana ʻia nā resins amino e hoʻopili i nā molekala mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni nui i loko o kahi ʻano pūnaewele, he mea hoihoi loa ka hopena co-condensation o nā resins amino me nā resins pena. ʻO kahi laʻana maʻamau ka hopena etherification (hoʻololi).o nā hui hydroxyl ma nā resins pena a me nā hui alkoxymethyl ma nā resins amino.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka wela a me nā mea hoʻoulu waikawa (ʻo ia hoʻi nā kūlana hoʻōla), hana wikiwiki ka crosslinking, e hoʻopili ana i nā hui hydroxyl āpau i loaʻa ma ka pena. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i ka wā e hana ʻia ai ke ʻano o ka pūnaewele polymer, emi ka wai o nā mea hana, e waiho ana i kekahi mau hui hydroxyl i pane ʻole ʻia. Ma ke ʻano laulā, i ka wā e loaʻa ai ka nui o ka resin amino i loko o ka uhi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka lakio kūpono, hiki i nā hui alkoxy i koe ke komo i nā hopena ʻē aʻe a i ʻole e noho ʻole i loko o ka ʻili uhi. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, hiki i nā resins amino ke crosslink ponoʻī a pane pū kekahi me kekahi, e hopena ana i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ke kaumaha molekala i ka wā o ka hana ʻana. Hana pū kēia mau hopena i ka wā o ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka uhi. No laila, ma kahi o ka lilo ʻana i mea maikaʻi ʻole, he mea nui kekahi kekelē o ka crosslinking ponoʻī o nā resins amino no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi matrix polymer paʻa a paʻa. ʻO nā hui hana ʻekolu o nā resins amino e komo i nā hopena crosslinking ponoʻī, a i loko o nā uhi resin melamine alkylated piha i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā waikawa ikaika, aia nā hōʻike e hana ʻia kēia mau hopena ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ether me ka resin uhi. I ka loaʻa ʻole o nā mea hoʻouluulu waho a i ʻole nā mea hoʻouluulu waikawa nāwaliwali, hana ʻia kēia mau hopena hoʻopili ponoʻī i kahi ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā ʻōnaehana resin melamine me ka hana imino/a i ʻole hydroxymethyl kiʻekiʻe. I nā hihia ʻelua, he mea nui ka hopena polymerization ponoʻī iki no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi ʻano pūnaewele maikaʻi.
I ka wā e hoʻōla ai i nā uhi i hoʻopili ʻia me ka amino resin, ʻo nā hopena ʻē aʻe e hana ʻia, ʻo ia ka wehe ʻana i ka formaldehyde a me ka hydrolysis. Hiki koke ka wehe ʻana o ka formaldehyde i nā mahana hoʻōla maʻamau, ʻo ia wale nō ke kumu no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka formaldehyde i ka wā e hoʻōla ai i nā amino resins; ʻo ka formaldehyde ʻē aʻe he formaldehyde manuahi.
Ke hoʻopili ʻia nā resins amino e hana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a hoʻōla, hana ʻia kekahi mau hopena hydrolysis. I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻololi ʻia kekahi mau hui alkoxymethyl i nā hui hydroxymethyl. Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia ka hydrolysis o nā resins melamine me ka nui o ka imino a i ʻole ka hydroxymethyl e nā alkalis, a hiki ke hana mālie i ka mahana o ka lumi. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā resins amino i ka hoʻopili ponoʻī ʻana, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka viscosity o ka uhi ʻana i ka wā e mālama ai. No ka pale ʻana i kēia, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā resins melamine methylated piha a i ʻole nā mea hoʻoheheʻe like ʻole e kūʻē i ka hydrolysis alkali i nā uhi wai. Kūʻē nā resins melamine alkylated piha i ka hydrolysis alkali-catalyzed i nā ʻōnaehana wai. ʻAʻole kūʻē nā resins melamine alkylated piha a me ka hapa alkylated i ka hydrolysis acid-catalyzed i nā ʻōnaehana wai; no laila, pono e hoʻohana ʻia kahi mea hoʻoulu waikawa i ālai ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana wai.
Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike hou akumea hoʻopilinā huahana, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻokaʻaʻike mai iā mākou.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-19-2025