1.Magungunan hana ruwada farko dai manufarsu ita ce toshe tsarin hydrolysis na polymers na polyester.

A aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da polymers waɗanda ke ɗauke da ester bonds, kamar PBT, PET, PLA, da polyurethanes (TPU, CPU), ƙwayoyin ruwa suna kai hari ga ester ko urethane bonds a cikin sarkar kwayoyin halitta a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi da danshi mai yawa. Wannan yana haifar da karyewar sarka da hydrolysis, raguwar nauyin ƙwayoyin polymer, kuma sakamakon haka, karyewa, fashewa, da asarar aiki. Ana amfani da magungunan hana hydrolysis don magance wannan tsarin hydrolysis. Magungunan hana hydrolysis galibi an raba su zuwa rukuni biyu: masu amsawa da na zahiri. Magungunan hana hydrolysis masu amsawa suna kawar da wuraren farawa ko samfuran hydrolysis ta hanyar halayen sinadarai, suna wakiltar hanyar da ta fi dacewa kuma mai inganci. Magungunan hana hydrolysis na zahiri, a gefe guda, suna toshe ko sha danshi ta hanyar aikin jiki.

Masu hana hydrolysis na zahiri ba sa shiga cikin halayen sinadarai amma suna hana shigar da danshi ta hanyar hanyoyin zahiri. Nau'ikan da suka fi dacewa sun haɗa da zeolites, calcium oxide (CaO), diatomaceous earth, silanes, da waxes. Zeolites da calcium oxide, ta hanyar tsarinsu mai ramuka ko halayen sinadarai, suna sha kuma suna kulle danshi da polymer ke sha yayin sarrafawa da amfani, galibi suna kare kayan daga lalacewa saboda yawan danshi kafin a sarrafa su (kamar allurar ƙera da fitar da shi), wanda a zahiri yana aiki azaman halayen "desiccant". Silanes da waxes, a gefe guda, suna ƙaura zuwa saman samfurin, suna samar da shingen hydrophobic, ko kuma suna faɗaɗa hanyar shigar da danshi ta hanyar cikawa mai layi (kamar yumbu), galibi suna kare saman kayan.

Masu hana hydrolysis masu amsawa na iya yin aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin carboxyl (-COOH) a ƙarshen sarƙoƙin polymer ko tare da ƙungiyoyin carboxyl da aka samar yayin hydrolysis, suna katse tsarin hydrolysis na autocatalytic kuma don haka suna cimma tasirin daidaita su. Waɗannan galibi sun haɗa da masu hana carbodimide, oxazoline, epoxy, da aziridine hydrolysis.

2. Carbodiimide shine mafi amfani kuma mafi yawan amfani da maganin hana hydrolysis.

Carbodiimides a halin yanzu sune nau'in magungunan hana hydrolysis da aka fi amfani da su kuma suka fi tasiri. Suna yin aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin carboxyl da polymer hydrolysis ke samarwa don samar da N-acylurea mai ɗorewa, ta haka ne ke kawar da mai kara kuzari ga amsawar hydrolysis da kuma katse zagayowar autocatalytic. Abubuwan da aka samo daga Oxazoline, wani muhimmin nau'in magungunan hana hydrolysis masu amsawa, suna da zoben oxazoline a matsayin ƙungiyar aikinsu. Zoben oxazoline na iya yin aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin carboxyl da hydroxyl don samar da ester amides ko diesters, don haka yana daidaita ƙarshen polymer. Polymers masu aiki da Epoxy suna amfani da babban amsawar ƙungiyoyin epoxy don samar da daidaito. Ƙungiyoyin epoxy na iya yin aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin carboxyl, hydroxyl, har ma da amino, ta haka suna rufe waɗannan ƙungiyoyin masu amsawa.

Tebur: Kwatanta Masu Juriyar Hydrolysis Na Juriya Ga Masu ...

Nau'ikan magungunan hana ruwa	carbodimide	Rukunin polymers masu aiki na Epoxy	Oxazolinids
Tsarin Mahimmanci	Yana yin aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin carboxyl da hydrolysis ke samarwa don samar da N-acylurea mai ɗorewa, don haka yana katse zagayowar autocatalytic.	Rukunin epoxy ɗinsa na iya amsawa da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban kamar su carboxyl, hydroxyl, da ƙungiyoyin amino.	Zoben oxazoline ɗinsa na iya yin aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin carboxyl da hydroxyl.
Babban fa'idodi	●Mai matuƙar juriya ga hydrolysis, tare da mafi girman tasiri.	●Ayyuka da yawa: Yana haɗa ayyukan faɗaɗa sarka da gyara ƙwayoyin da suka lalace.	● Haɗakar aiki biyu, tare da aikace-aikace iri-iri
	Adadin ƙarin yana da ƙanƙanta (0.5%-2.0%), tare da ƙaramin tasiri ga halayen kayan.	●Zai iya inganta ƙarfin narkewa da ɗanko	● Ana iya amfani da shi azaman mai daidaitawa a wasu tsare-tsare.
	● Tsaro mai kyau	● Kyakkyawan jituwa da polymers
Babban rashin amfani	● Babban farashi	●A matsayinsa na wakili guda ɗaya da ke hana ruwa shiga jiki, ingancinsa bai kai na carbodimide ba.	● Kuɗi yawanci shine mafi tsada
	● Ainihin yana kai hari ga ƙungiyoyin carboxyl; baya amsawa kai tsaye da ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl.	● Ƙarawa fiye da kima na iya haifar da haɗuwa ko haɗuwa.	● Ba shi da fa'idar inganci a aikace-aikacen gabaɗaya
Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun	● Polyester: PBT, PET, PLA, PBAT	● Sake amfani da robobi: Gyaran rPET, da sauransu.	● Polyester (PET, PBT)
	● Polyurethane: TPU, CPU (tafin takalma, bututu, da sauransu)	● Polyamide (Nailan)	● Polyamide
		● Tsarin polyester da ke buƙatar kauri a lokaci guda	● Haɗin polymer (a matsayin mai daidaitawa)

 

3. Carbodiimide yana toshe tsarin hydrolysis ta hanyar amsawa da carboxylic acid don samar da tsarin acylurea.

Polymers na Polyester suna nuna rashin dacewar danshi. A ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai yawa da danshi, haɗin ester a cikin polymer yana amsawa da ruwa, yana haifar da tsarin dogon sarkar macromolecule ya karye kuma ya samar da ƙungiyoyin carboxyl na ƙarshe. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin carboxyl na ƙarshe na iya haɓaka ions na H+, suna ƙara haɓaka amsawar hydrolysis tare da acid, a ƙarshe yana haifar da raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin kaddarorin kayan daban-daban da kuma gajarta rayuwar sabis. Haɗaɗɗun Carbodiimide, waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙungiyoyin aiki na carbodiimide (N=C=N), na iya amsawa tare da ƙungiyoyin carboxyl da aka samar yayin polymer hydrolysis don samar da tsarin acylurea mai karko, a lokaci guda rage yawan ƙungiyar carboxyl kuma yana hana ƙarin hydrolysis. Suna cikin wakilan anti-hydrolysis da aka fi amfani da su a halin yanzu.

Wakilan hana ruwa na Carbodiimide sun bambanta kuma ana iya rarraba su zuwa nau'ikan monomeric da polymeric. Haɗaɗɗun Carbodiimide na Monomeric sun ƙunshi ƙungiya ɗaya kawai ta aiki ta carbodiimide kuma ƙananan mahaɗan ƙwayoyin halitta ne. Haɗaɗɗun Carbodiimide na Polymeric galibi suna ɗauke da ƙungiyoyi biyu ko fiye na aiki na carbodiimide, suna da nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta mai yawa, kuma suna cikin nau'in tsarin polymer mai tsayi.

Carbodiimide mai siffar monomericmagungunan hana ruwaRuwa mai haske rawaya zuwa launin ruwan kasa ko lu'ulu'u ne a zafin ɗaki. Suna narkewa a cikin sinadarai masu narkewa na halitta amma ba sa narkewa a cikin ruwa, kuma suna da fa'idodi kamar tsarki mai yawa, shiri mai sauƙi, da kuma yawan amsawa. 2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)carbodiimide shine maganin hana ruwa mai narkewa na monomeric carbodiimide da aka fi amfani da shi a kasuwa.

 

Carbodiimides na polymeric suna da launin rawaya zuwa launin ruwan kasa ko ruwa mai laushi a zafin ɗaki, tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta gabaɗaya ya fi 1000, yayin da ake sarrafa nauyin kwayoyin halitta na oligomers a kusan 2000. Yawanci ana samun carbodiimides na polymeric ta hanyar amsawa da monomers na diisocyanate, masu haɓaka sinadarai, masu narkewa, da wakilan rufewa na ƙarshe a yanayin zafi mai dacewa. Da farko, monomers na diisocyanate suna fuskantar amsawar daskarewa a ƙarƙashin mai haɓaka sinadarai don samun prepolymer wanda ke ɗauke da ƙungiyoyin carbodiimide da yawa da ƙungiyoyin ƙarshen isocyanate. Sannan, ƙungiyoyin isocyanate suna amsawa da hydrogen mai aiki daga wakilin rufewa na ƙarshe don samun polycarbodiimides. Ana samun polycarbodiimides na yau da kullun ta hanyar haɗa 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-1,5-diisocyanate da rufewa na ƙarshe tare da 2,6-diisopropylphenyl monoisocyanate.

 

4. Yankunan da ake amfani da su na carbodimide yawanci

PET, a matsayin kayan polyester da aka fi sani, yana da kyawawan halaye na injiniya, kwanciyar hankali mai girma, juriya ga sinadarai, da kuma kaddarorin gani, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a fannin noma, masana'antu, gini, likitanci, da kuma motoci. Ana samar da PET ta hanyar amfani da PTA da ethylene glycol; haɗin ester suna da matukar saurin lalacewa ga lalacewar hydrolytic, wanda ke haifar da raguwar danko na polymer da kuma mummunan lalacewar aiki. PET hydrolysis yana iyakance amfani da samfuransa a cikin yanayin zafi mai yawa, danshi, ko waje. Binciken da ya shafi hakan ya gano cewa haɗa wakilan anti-hydrolysis monomeric a cikin babban PET don shirya samfuran fim yana inganta juriyar zafi, tsufa danshi, da tsawaitawa a lokacin karyewar samfuran fim ɗin. Carbodiimide mai ƙamshi yana nuna kyakkyawan aikin hydrolysis.

Haɗakar polyurethane tana amfani da nau'ikan monomers iri-iri, tana ba da damar yin aiki da sarrafawa, kuma tana ba da fa'idodi kamar ƙarfi mai yawa, juriya ga gogewa, juriya mai kyau ga zafin jiki, da sauƙin sarrafawa. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin manne, shafi, elastomers, robobi masu kumfa, da zare na roba. Polyurethane mai nau'in Polyester an shirya shi ne daga polyols na oligomeric polyester, waɗanda ke ɗauke da haɗin ester da yawa a cikin sarƙoƙin kwayoyin halittarsu, wanda ke haifar da rashin juriya ga hydrolysis. Wakilan Carbodiimide masu hana hydrolysis ba su da mummunan tasiri akan haɗakar polyurethane kuma ana iya ƙara su zuwa polyester polyol yayin aikin haɗakarwa. Bugu da ƙari, polymeric carbodiimides da isocyanate condensation ya shirya sun ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin ƙarshe na -N=C=O, wanda ke ba su damar shiga cikin amsawar don shirya polyurethane mai jure hydrolysis. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya ƙara carbodiimides yayin haɗa polyurethane. Nazarin da suka shafi hakan ya nuna cewa ƙara carbodiimides na iya rage ƙimar acid na farko na polyester polyol, hana hydrolysis na polyester, da kuma inganta juriyar hydrolysis na TPU yadda ya kamata.

Polymers masu lalacewa ta hanyar polyester kamar PBAT, PLA, da polyglycolic acid (PGA) suna da kyakkyawan jituwa ta halitta, rashin lalacewa ta halitta, aminci, rashin guba, da kyawawan halaye na zahiri da na inji, suna nuna babban alkawari a cikin na'urorin likitanci, kayan marufi, da noma. Duk da haka, waɗannan kayan da za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar halitta duk suna fama da rashin isasshen hydrolytic da kwanciyar hankali na zafi, suna lalacewa cikin sauƙi yayin sarrafawa, ajiya, da amfani, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar aiki da kuma kasa cimma tsawon rayuwarsu da ake tsammani. Carbodiimide na iya fuskantar amsawar rufewa tare da ƙungiyoyin carboxyl na ƙarshe a cikin sarƙoƙin ƙwayoyin halitta na PBAT, PLA, da PGA don samar da tsarin acylurea mai ƙarfi, a lokaci guda yana hana hydrolysis da inganta kwanciyar hankali na zafi.

MDI mai gyaran Carbodiimide (wanda kuma aka sani da MDI mai ruwa-ruwa) yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan samfuran da aka gyara na diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Ana samar da shi ta hanyar amsawar danshi na MDI a ƙarƙashin aikin mai kara kuzari don samar da ƙungiyoyin carbodiimide. MDI mai gyaran Carbodiimide ana siffanta shi da kasancewa mai ruwa a zafin ɗaki, mai sauƙin adanawa, da kuma tsawon rai na ajiya. A lokaci guda, yana iya inganta juriyar hydrolysis na kayan polyurethane sosai.

Idan kana son ƙarin bayani game da samfuran magungunan hana ruwa shiga, tuntuɓituntuɓe mu.