In inqaku lokugqibela, sazisa ukuvela kwezinto ezisasaza, ezinye iindlela kunye nemisebenzi yezinto ezisasaza. Kule ndima, siza kuhlola iintlobo zezinto ezisasaza ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ngembali yophuhliso lwezinto ezisasaza.

Iarhente yokumanzisa nokusasaza ubunzima be-molecular ephantsi yendabuko
I-dispersant yokuqala yayiyi-triethanolamine salt ye-fatty acid, eyasungulwa kwimarike kwiminyaka eyi-100 eyadlulayo. Le dispersant isebenza kakuhle kwaye ingabizi kakhulu kwiindlela zokupenda zemizi-mveliso ngokubanzi. Ayinakwenzeka ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kokuqala kwinkqubo ye-alkyd yeoyile ephakathi ayibi.

Kwiminyaka yoo-1940 ukuya koo-1970, imibala esetyenziswa kwishishini leengubo yayiyimibala engaphiliyo kunye neminye imibala yendalo eyayilula ukuyisasaza. Izinto ezisasaza ngeli xesha yayizizinto ezifana ne-surfactants, kunye neqela le-pigment anchor kwelinye icala kunye ne-resin ehambelanayo kwelinye icala. Uninzi lwee-molecules lwalunendawo enye kuphela ye-pigment anchor.

Ngokwembono yesakhiwo, zingahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu:

(1) izinto ezifumaneka kwi-fatty acid derivatives, kuquka i-fatty acid amides, i-fatty acid amide salts, kunye ne-fatty acid polyethers. Umzekelo, ii-fatty acids eziguquliweyo ezineebhloko ezaphuhliswa yi-BYK ngo-1920-1930, ezathi zafakwa ityuwa ngee-long-chain amines ukuze kufunyanwe i-Anti-Terra U. Kukwakho ne-BYK's P104/104S enamaqela aphezulu asebenzayo asekelwe kwi-DA addition reaction. I-BESM® 9116 evela kwi-Shierli yi-deflocculating dispersant kwaye yi-dispersant eqhelekileyo kushishino lwe-putty. Inokumanzika kakuhle, iipropati zokulwa nokuqina kunye nozinzo lokugcina. Ingaphucula iipropati zokulwa nokonakala kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-anti-corrosion primers. I-BESM® 9104/9104S ikwayi-controlled flocculation dispersant eqhelekileyo enamaqela amaninzi anamathelayo. Ingenza isakhiwo senethiwekhi xa isasazwa, eluncedo kakhulu ekulawuleni i-pigment sedimentation kunye nombala odadayo. Ekubeni izinto eziluhlaza eziphuma kwi-fatty acid derivative dispersant zingasaxhomekekanga kwizinto eziluhlaza ze-petrochemical, ziyavuseleleka.

(2) Iipolymers ze-organic phosphoric acid ester. Olu hlobo lwe-dispersant lunamandla okubambelela kwi-pigment ezingaphiliyo. Umzekelo, i-BYK 110/180/111 kunye ne-BESM® 9110/9108/9101 ezivela kwi-Shierli zi-dispersant ezilungileyo zokusasaza i-titanium dioxide kunye ne-pigment ezingaphiliyo, kunye nokunciphisa okubalaseleyo kwe-viscosity, uphuhliso lombala kunye nokusebenza kokugcina. Ukongeza, i-BYK 103 kunye ne-BESM® 9103 ezivela kwi-Shierli zombini zibonisa iingenelo ezilungileyo zokunciphisa i-viscosity kunye nozinzo lokugcina xa kusasazwa i-matte slurries.

(3) Iipolyether ze-aliphatic ezingezizo i-ionic kunye nee-alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers. Ubunzima bemolekyuli yolu hlobo lwe-dispersant ngokubanzi bungaphantsi kwe-2000 g/mol, kwaye bugxila ngakumbi ekusasazekeni kweepigment ezingaphiliyo kunye nezizalisi. Zinokunceda ukumanzisa iipigment ngexesha lokusila, zifunxe ngempumelelo kumphezulu weepigment ezingaphiliyo kwaye zithintele ukuqhekeka kunye nokuna kweepigment, kwaye zinokulawula ukutyibilika kunye nokuthintela imibala edadayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobunzima obuncinci beemolekyuli, azinakubonelela ngokuthintela okusebenzayo kwe-steric, kwaye azinakuphucula ukukhanya kunye nokucaca kwefilimu yepeyinti. Amaqela e-Ionic anchoring awanakufunxwa kumphezulu weepigment ezingaphiliyo.

Izisasazi ezinobunzima obukhulu beemolekyuli
Ngo-1970, ii-pigment ze-organic zaqala ukusetyenziswa ngobuninzi. Ii-pigment ze-phthalocyanine ze-ICI, ii-pigment ze-quinacridone ze-DuPont, ii-pigment ze-azo condensation ze-CIBA, ii-pigment ze-benzimidazolone ze-Clariant, njl. zonke zaphuhliswa kwimizi-mveliso zaza zangena kwimarike ngeminyaka yoo-1970. Ii-agent zokuqala ezimanzi nezisasaza ubunzima obuphantsi beemolekyuli azikwazanga ukuzinzisa ezi pigment, kwaye kwaqalwa ukuveliswa kwee-dispersants ezintsha ezinobunzima obukhulu beemolekyuli.

Olu hlobo lwe-dispersant lunobunzima be-molecular obuyi-5000-25000 g/mol, kunye nenani elikhulu lamaqela anamathelayo kwi-molecule. I-polymer main chain inika ukuhambelana okubanzi, kwaye i-solvated side chain inika umqobo we-steric, ukuze amasuntswana e-pigment abe kwimeko yokungashukumi ngokupheleleyo. Ii-dispersants ezinobunzima be-molecular eziphezulu zinokuzinzisa ii-pigment ezahlukeneyo kwaye zisombulule ngokupheleleyo iingxaki ezifana nombala odadayo kunye nokudada, ingakumbi kwii-pigments ze-organic kunye ne-carbon black enobukhulu obuncinci be-particle kunye nokushukuma okulula. Ii-dispersants ezinobunzima be-molecular eziphezulu zonke ziyi-dispersants ezisusa i-flocculating ezinamaqela amaninzi anamathelayo kwi-molecular chain, enokunciphisa kakhulu i-viscosity ye-color paste, iphucule amandla e-pigment tint, i-paint gloss kunye ne-litterness, kwaye iphucule ukucaca kwee-pigments ezicacileyo. Kwiinkqubo ezisekelwe emanzini, ii-dispersants ezinobunzima be-molecular eziphezulu zinokumelana okuhle kwamanzi kunye nokumelana ne-saponification. Kakade ke, ii-dispersants ezinobunzima be-molecular eziphezulu zinokuba nemiphumo emibi, ebangelwa ikakhulu lixabiso le-amine ye-dispersant. Ixabiso eliphezulu le-amine liya kukhokelela ekunyukeni kwe-viscosity yeenkqubo ze-epoxy ngexesha lokugcina; ixesha elinciphileyo lokuqalisa ukusebenza kwe-polyurethanes ezineenxalenye ezimbini (kusetyenziswa i-aromatic isocyanates); ukuncipha kokusebenza kweenkqubo zokunyanga i-asidi; kunye nefuthe elibuthathaka le-catalytic ye-cobalt catalysts kwi-alkyds zomisa umoya.

Ngokwembono yesakhiwo seekhemikhali, olu hlobo lwe-dispersant lwahlulwe ngokubanzi kwiindidi ezintathu:

(1) Ii-polyurethane dispersants ezinobunzima obuphezulu, ezizii-polyurethane dispersants eziqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, i-BYK 160/161/163/164, i-BESM® 9160/9161/9163/9164, i-EFKA 4060/4061/4063, kunye nesizukulwana samva nje se-polyurethane dispersants i-BYK 2155 kunye ne-BESM® 9248. Olu hlobo lwe-dispersant luvele kwangethuba kwaye lunabaphulaphuli abaninzi. Luneempawu ezilungileyo zokunciphisa i-viscosity kunye nophuhliso lombala kwii-pigment ze-organic kunye ne-carbon black, kwaye lwakha lwaba yi-dispersant eqhelekileyo kwii-pigment ze-organic. Isizukulwana samva nje se-polyurethane dispersants siphucule kakhulu zombini iimpawu zokunciphisa i-viscosity kunye nophuhliso lombala. I-BYK 170 kunye ne-BESM® 9107 zifanelekile ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ze-acid-catalyzed. I-dispersant ayinaxabiso le-amine, nto leyo enciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlangana ngexesha lokugcina ipeyinti kwaye ayichaphazeli ukoma kwepeyinti.

(2) Ii-dispersants zePolyacrylate. Ezi dispersants, ezifana neBYK 190 kunye neBESM® 9003, ziye zaba zii-dispersants eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo zokugquma ezisekelwe emanzini.

(3) Ii-Hyperbranched polymer dispersants. Ezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu zii-hyperbranched dispersants yiLubrizol 24000 kunye neBESM® 9240, ezizi-amide + imides ezisekelwe kwii-polyester ezineentambo ezinde. Ezi mveliso zimbini ziimveliso ezinelungelo lobunikazi ezixhomekeke kakhulu kwi-polyester backbone ukuzinzisa ii-pigment. Amandla azo okuphatha i-carbon black asesengcono kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, i-polyester iya kukristala kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kwaye iya kujika kwipeyinti egqityiweyo. Le ngxaki ithetha ukuba i-24000 ingasetyenziswa kuphela kwii-inki. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, inokubonisa uphuhliso oluhle kakhulu lombala kunye nokuzinza xa isetyenziselwa ukusasaza i-carbon black kwishishini le-inki. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwe-crystallization, iLubrizol 32500 kunye neBESM® 9245 zavela enye emva kwenye. Xa kuthelekiswa neendidi ezimbini zokuqala, ii-hyperbranched polymer dispersants zinesakhiwo se-molecular esingqukuva kunye namaqela e-pigment affinity adhesion, zihlala zinophuhliso lombala olubalaseleyo kunye nokusebenza okunamandla kokunciphisa i-viscosity. Ukuhambelana kwee-polyurethane dispersants kunokulungiswa kuluhlu olubanzi, ikakhulu kugubungela zonke ii-alkyd resins ukusuka kwi-long oil ukuya kwi-short oil, zonke ii-polyester resins ezigcweleyo, kunye nee-hydroxyl acrylic resins, kwaye kunokuzinzisa uninzi lwe-carbon blacks kunye nee-organic pigments zezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo. Ekubeni kusekho inani elikhulu leeklasi ezahlukeneyo phakathi kobunzima beemolekyuli ezingama-6000-15000, abathengi kufuneka bahlole ukuhambelana kunye nobungakanani bokongeza.

Izisasazi ze-polymerization zasimahla ezilawulwayo
Emva kowama-1990, imfuno yemarike yokusasazwa kwemibala yaphucuka ngakumbi kwaye kwabakho impumelelo kwitekhnoloji yokwenziwa kwepolymer, kwaye kwaveliswa isizukulwana samva nje see-free radical polymerization dispersants ezilawulwayo.

I-Controllable free radical polymerization (CFRP) inesakhiwo esiyilwe ngokuchanekileyo, kunye neqela lokubambelela kwelinye icala le-polymer kunye necandelo elinyibilikisiweyo kwelinye icala. I-CFRP isebenzisa ii-monomers ezifanayo njenge-polymerization eqhelekileyo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ii-monomers zicwangciswe rhoqo kwiindawo ze-molecular kwaye ukusasazwa kobunzima be-molecular kuyafana ngakumbi, ukusebenza kwe-synthesized polymer dispersant kune-qualitative leap. Eli qela lokubambelela elisebenzayo liphucula kakhulu amandla okulwa nokuxinana kwe-dispersant kunye nophuhliso lombala we-pigment. I-specific solvated segment inika i-dispersant i-viscosity yokugaya engaphantsi kombala kunye nokongezwa kwe-pigment ephezulu, kwaye i-dispersant inokuhambelana ngokubanzi nezinto ezahlukeneyo zesiseko se-resin.

Uphuhliso lwe-coating dispersants zanamhlanje lunembali engaphantsi kweminyaka eli-100. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-dispersants ze-pigment ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo ezithengiswayo. Umthombo ophambili we-dispersant green materials useyi-petrochemical raw materials. Ukwandisa umlinganiselo we-revivable green materials kwi-dispersants yindlela yophuhliso ethembisayo kakhulu. Ukusuka kwinkqubo yophuhliso lwe-dispersants, i-dispersants iya isiba ngcono ngakumbi nangakumbi. Nokuba kukukwazi ukunciphisa i-viscosity okanye uphuhliso lombala kunye nezinye izakhono eziphucukayo ngaxeshanye, le nkqubo iya kuqhubeka kwixesha elizayo.

Izixhobo ezintsha zeNanjing Reborn zibonelelaiarhente yokunyibilikisa amanzi kwiipeyinti kunye nokwaleka, kuquka ezinye ezifana neDisperbyk.