In akụkọ ikpeazụ, anyị webatara mpụta nke ndị na-agbasa ihe, ụfọdụ usoro na ọrụ nke ndị na-agbasa ihe. N'ime akụkụ a, anyị ga-enyocha ụdị ndị na-ekesa ihe n'oge dị iche iche yana akụkọ mmepe nke ndị na-ekesa ihe.

Ịmịpụta mmiri na ịgbasa ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ala dị arọ nke molekụla
Ihe mbụ na-agbasa ihe bụ nnu triethanolamine nke fatty acid, nke e wepụtara n'ahịa ihe dị ka afọ 100 gara aga. Ihe na-agbasa ihe a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma ma dịkwa ọnụ ala n'ọrụ agba ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Ọ gaghị ekwe omume iji ya, arụmọrụ mbụ ya na sistemụ alkyd mmanụ dị ọkara adịghịkwa njọ.

N'agbata afọ 1940 na 1970, agba ndị e ji eme ihe n'ụlọ ọrụ mkpuchi bụ agba ndị na-adịghị mma na ụfọdụ agba ndị dị ndụ nke dị mfe ịgbasa. Ihe ndị na-agbasa n'oge a bụ ihe ndị yiri surfactants, ha nwere otu ihe na-ejide pigment n'otu nsọtụ na akụkụ nke resin dakọtara na nsọtụ nke ọzọ. Ọtụtụ molekul nwere naanị otu ebe ihe na-ejide pigment.

Site n'echiche nhazi, enwere ike kewaa ha n'ime ụdị atọ:

(1) ihe ndị sitere na fatty acid, gụnyere fatty acid amides, fatty acid amide salts, na fatty acid polyethers. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, fatty acids gbanwere agbanwe nwere blọk ndị BYK mepụtara na 1920-1930, nke e ji amine ogologo yinye nnu mee iji nweta Anti-Terra U. E nwekwara BYK's P104/104S nwere otu njedebe dị elu dabere na mmeghachi omume mgbakwunye DA. BESM® 9116 sitere na Shierli bụ deflocculating dispersant na ọkọlọtọ dispersant na ụlọ ọrụ putty. Ọ nwere ezigbo mmiri mmiri, ihe mgbochi-ịtọgbọ na nkwụsi ike nchekwa. Ọ nwekwara ike imeziwanye ihe mgbochi-iro ma a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na primers mgbochi-iro. BESM® 9104/9104S bụkwa ihe a na-achịkwa flocculation dispersant nke nwere ọtụtụ otu anchoring. Ọ nwere ike ịmepụta nhazi netwọk mgbe a gbasaara ya, nke bara ezigbo uru n'ịchịkwa pigment sedimentation na agba na-ese n'elu mmiri. Ebe ọ bụ na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta abụba na-adabereghịzi na ihe ndị e ji petrochemical emepụta, a na-emegharị ha.

(2) Polymers Organic phosphoric acid ester. Ụdị dispersant a nwere ikike ijikọ agba ndị na-adịghị emepụta ihe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, BYK 110/180/111 na BESM® 9110/9108/9101 sitere na Shierli bụ ihe mgbasa ozi dị mma maka ịgbasa titanium dioxide na agba ndị na-adịghị emepụta ihe, yana mbelata viscosity dị egwu, mmepe agba na arụmọrụ nchekwa. Na mgbakwunye, BYK 103 na BESM® 9103 sitere na Shierli na-egosi uru dị mma maka mbelata viscosity na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe mgbe ha na-agbasa slurries matte.

(3) Polyethers aliphatic na alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers. Ibu molekul nke ụdị dispersant a na-adịkarị obere karịa 2000 g/mol, ọ na-elekwasịkwa anya karịa na mgbasa nke pigments inorganic na ihe ndị na-ejupụta. Ha nwere ike inyere aka mee ka pigments dị mmiri mmiri n'oge a na-egweri, na-amịkọrọ nke ọma n'elu pigments inorganic ma gbochie nhazi na mmiri ozuzo nke pigments, ma nwee ike ijikwa flocculation ma gbochie agba ndị na-ese n'elu mmiri. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi obere ibu molekul, ha enweghị ike inye ihe mgbochi steric dị irè, ha enweghịkwa ike ime ka ihe nkiri agba ahụ dị mma ma dị iche. Enweghị ike itinye otu ihe na-eme ka ionic dị n'elu pigments organic.

Ihe na-ekesa ibu dị elu nke molekul
Na 1970, a malitere iji agba organic eme ihe n'ọtụtụ buru ibu. Agba phthalocyanine nke ICI, agba quinacridone nke DuPont, agba azo condensation nke CIBA, agba benzimidazolone nke Clariant, wdg. Ha niile bụ ndị ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ma bata n'ahịa n'afọ 1970. Ihe mbụ e ji mee ka mmiri dị ọcha ma gbasaa nke ọma enweghịzi ike ime ka agba ndị a sie ike, a malitekwara imepụta ihe ọhụrụ dị elu nke na-eme ka agba dị elu nke molekul pụta ìhè.

Ụdị mgbasa a nwere oke molekul nke 5000-25000 g/mol, yana ọtụtụ otu njikọ pigment na molekul. Isi agbụ polymer na-enye nkwekọ sara mbara, agbụ akụkụ nke a gbazere agbaze na-enye ihe mgbochi steric, nke mere na mkpụrụ pigment ahụ dị n'ọnọdụ deflocculated na kwụsiri ike. Ndị na-ekesa ibu molekul dị elu nwere ike ime ka agba dị iche iche sie ike ma dozie nsogbu dịka agba na-ese n'elu mmiri na-ese n'elu mmiri, ọkachasị maka pigments organic na carbon black nwere obere nha mkpụrụ na mfe flocculation. Ndị na-ekesa ibu molekul dị elu bụ ndị na-ekesa ibu molekul dị elu nwere ọtụtụ otu njikọta pigment na yinye molekul, nke nwere ike ibelata viscosity nke paste agba ahụ nke ọma, melite ike agba agba, na-egbuke egbuke na ìhè, ma melite nghọta nke pigments doro anya. Na sistemụ mmiri, ndị na-ekesa ibu molekul dị elu nwere ezigbo iguzogide mmiri na iguzogide saponification. N'ezie, ndị na-ekesa ibu molekul dị elu nwekwara ike inwe ụfọdụ mmetụta ọjọọ, nke kachasị na-esite na uru amine nke onye na-ekesa. Nnukwu uru amine ga-eme ka sistemụ epoxy dịkwuo elu n'oge nchekwa; belata oge mkpali nke polyurethanes abụọ (iji isocyanates aromatic); mbelata mmeghachi omume nke sistemụ na-agwọ acid; na mbelata mmetụta catalytic nke cobalt catalysts na alkyds na-akpọnwụ ikuku.

Site n'echiche nke nhazi kemịkalụ, a na-ekewa ụdị ihe na-ekesa ihe a n'ime ụdị atọ:

(1) Ndị na-ekesa polyurethane dị oke arọ, nke bụ ndị na-ekesa polyurethane nkịtị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, BYK 160/161/163/164, BESM® 9160/9161/9163/9164, EFKA 4060/4061/4063, na ọgbọ kachasị ọhụrụ nke ndị na-ekesa polyurethane BYK 2155 na BESM® 9248. Ụdị onye na-ekesa a pụtara n'oge dịtụ anya ma nwee ọtụtụ ndị na-ege ntị. O nwere ezigbo mbelata viscosity na njirimara mmepe agba maka agba organic na carbon black, ọ ghọkwara onye na-ekesa ọkọlọtọ maka agba organic. Ọgbọ kachasị ọhụrụ nke ndị na-ekesa polyurethane emeela ka mbelata viscosity na njirimara mmepe agba ka mma nke ukwuu. BYK 170 na BESM® 9107 dabara adaba maka sistemụ ndị na-emepụta acid. Onye na-ekesa enweghị uru amine, nke na-ebelata ihe egwu nke njikọta n'oge nchekwa agba ma ọ naghị emetụta nkụ agba ahụ.

(2) Polyacrylate dispersants. Ihe ndị a na-agbasa, dịka BYK 190 na BESM® 9003, aghọọla ihe na-agbasa ihe niile maka mkpuchi mmiri.

(3) Mkpọsa polima nke nwere alaka dị iche iche. Ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ Lubrizol 24000 na BESM® 9240, nke bụ amides + imides dabere na polyester ogologo. Ngwaahịa abụọ a bụ ngwaahịa patent nke dabere na azụ polyester iji mee ka agba kwụsie ike. Ike ha nwere ijikwa oji carbon ka dị mma. Agbanyeghị, polyester ga-adị ka kristal na obere okpomọkụ ma ga-abanyekwa na agba emechara. Nsogbu a pụtara na enwere ike iji 24000 naanị na ink. E kwuwerị, ọ nwere ike igosi mmepe agba na nkwụsi ike dị mma mgbe ejiri ya gbasaa oji carbon na ụlọ ọrụ ink. Iji melite arụmọrụ kristal, Lubrizol 32500 na BESM® 9245 pụtara otu otu. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụdị abụọ mbụ, ndị na-emepụta polima nke nwere alaka dị elu nwere nhazi molekul dị gburugburu na otu njikọ pigment nke nwere nnukwu mkpokọta, na-enwekarị mmepe agba pụrụ iche na arụmọrụ mbelata viscosity siri ike. Enwere ike ịgbanwe ndakọrịta nke polyurethane dispersants n'ọtụtụ ebe, ọkachasị na-ekpuchi resin alkyd niile site na mmanụ ogologo ruo na obere mmanụ, resin polyester niile jupụtara, na resin acrylic hydroxyl, ma nwee ike ime ka ọtụtụ carbon blacks na organic pigments dị iche iche sie ike. Ebe ọ bụ na enwere ọtụtụ ọkwa dị iche iche n'etiti 6000-15000 molekul weights, ndị ahịa kwesịrị inyocha maka ndakọrịta na ọnụọgụ mgbakwunye.

Ihe ndị na-ekesa polymerization free radical
Mgbe afọ 1990 gachara, ọchịchọ ahịa maka mgbasa agba ka mma, e nwekwara ihe ịga nke ọma na teknụzụ mmepụta polymer, e mekwara ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị na-ekesa polymerization free radical.

Polymerization nke a na-achịkwa nke ọma (CFRP) nwere nhazi e mere nke ọma, ya na otu njikọ n'otu nsọtụ nke polima ahụ na akụkụ gbazere agbaze na nsọtụ nke ọzọ. CFRP na-eji otu monomers ahụ dị ka polymerization nkịtị, mana n'ihi na a na-ahazi monomers ahụ mgbe niile na akụkụ molekul ahụ na nkesa ibu molekul ahụ ka mma, arụmọrụ nke polymer dispersant a na-emepụta nwere mmụba dị mma. Otu nkwado a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-eme ka ikike mgbochi flocculation nke dispersant na mmepe agba nke pigment ahụ ka mma nke ukwuu. Akụkụ edoziri nke ọma na-enye onye na-ekesa ihe ahụ obere paste agba na-egweri viscosity na mgbakwunye pigment dị elu, onye na-ekesa ihe ahụ nwekwara nkwekọ sara mbara na ihe dị iche iche nke resin ntọala.

Mmepe nke ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi nke oge a nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na-erughị afọ 100. E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị ihe mkpuchi maka agba na sistemụ dị iche iche n'ahịa. Isi ihe na-esi na ihe ndị na-ekesa ihe ka bụ ihe ndị petrochemical. Ịba ụba nke oke ihe ndị a na-emegharị emegharị na ihe ndị na-ekesa ihe bụ ụzọ mmepe dị mma. Site na usoro mmepe nke ihe ndị na-ekesa ihe, ihe ndị na-ekesa ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Ma ọ bụ ikike ibelata viscosity ma ọ bụ mmepe agba na ikike ndị ọzọ na-akawanye mma n'otu oge, usoro a ga-aga n'ihu n'ọdịnihu.

Ihe ọhụrụ Nanjing Reborn na-enyeihe na-eme ka mmiri jupụta maka agba na mkpuchi, tinyere ụfọdụ ndị dabara na Disperbyk.