Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntxiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau hauv cov khoom ntxhua khaub ncaws muaj ob qho: los tiv thaiv cov ntaub thiab los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm daim tawv nqaij los ntawm cov kab mob. Tam sim no, cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas siv ntau hauv cov tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws suav nrog cov pawg hauv qab no:

1. Cov Tshuaj Tua Kab Mob Uas Muaj Chlorine

Triclocarban

Vim nws muaj peev xwm tua thiab tiv thaiv cov kab mob Gram-positive, Gram-negative, fungi, yeasts, viruses, thiab lwm yam, nws siv dav ua tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov khoom ntxuav khaub ncaws, tshuaj pleev ib ce, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tsw qab, ntaub thiab tawv, tshuaj deodorants thiab lwm yam khoom. Triclocarban muaj kev tua kab mob sai, muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab tsis yaj hauv dej. Thaum siv rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis cov ntaub fibrous, nws tsis yooj yim ntxuav tawm thaum yaug, yog li ntawd nws muaj cov teebmeem tua kab mob thiab bacteriostatic. Ua ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob anionic, triclocarban muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab ruaj khov hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav khaub ncaws, ruaj khov rau lub teeb thiab cua sov, yuav tsis ua rau cov khoom tsis zoo, thiab tsis ua rau cov khaub ncaws thiab tawv nqaij puas. Kev sim tau qhia tias kev ntxiv triclocarban tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev ntxuav thiab lub zog ua npuas dej ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav khaub ncaws kua, thiab muaj kev ruaj khov zoo hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Nws muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab kev ruaj khov nrog cov alkaline nruab nrab uas feem ntau siv rau hauv cov xab npum, yog li nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom ntxuav xws li xab npum, tshuaj ntxuav lub cev, tshuaj zawv plaub hau, hmoov ntxuav, tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab tshuaj ntxuav tes.

Triclosan

Triclosan, nrog lub npe scientific "2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether" thiab cov mis tshuaj C₁₂H₇Cl₃O₂, kuj hu ua "triclosan". Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ib txwm, nws yog ib tug dawb los yog off-white crystalline hmoov nrog ib tug me ntsis phenolic tsw. Insoluble nyob rau hauv dej, yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv alkaline cov tshuaj thiab cov organic solvents, nws muaj ntau yam kev tua thiab inhibiting cov teebmeem ntawm pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, yeasts thiab viruses (xws li hepatitis A, hepatitis B, rabies virus, HIV). Nws tsis yog-khaus rau daim tawv nqaij thiab zoo sib xws tiv thaiv antibiotic-resistant thiab non-resistant bacteria.

Ua ib yam tshuaj tua kab mob dav dav, triclosan siv dav hauv cov xab npum kho mob / xab npum huv, tshuaj pleev huv, tshuaj deodorant / tshuaj tsuag tsw qab ko taw, tshuaj ntxuav tes tua kab mob, tshuaj tsuag tua qhov txhab, tshuaj tua kab mob rau cov khoom siv kho mob, tshuaj ntxuav ntsej muag / tshuaj pleev, tshuaj tsw qab thiab cov tshuaj deodorant hauv lub tub yees. Nws kuj tseem siv rau kev ua tiav cov ntaub huv thiab kev kho cov yas tiv thaiv xeb. Triclosan purity siab dua siv dav hauv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav kho mob thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav qhov ncauj rau kev kho mob gingivitis, periodontitis thiab qhov ncauj mob, nrog rau kev siv concentration ntawm 0.05% txog 0.3%.

Diclosan

Nws lub npe tshuaj yog 4,4′-dichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether, luv uaDiclosan DB-100Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj mob, nws yog ib qho kua daj daj. Insoluble nyob rau hauv dej, soluble nyob rau hauv cov organic solvents thiab surfactant solutions, nws tuaj yeem ua ke nrog anionic, non-ionic, amphoteric thiab cationic surfactants, nrog cua sov tiv taus txog li 200 ° C thiab zoo heev stability nyob rau hauv alkaline ib puag ncig.Diclosan DB-100yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob uas muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo, uas muaj cov nyhuv zoo rau cov kab mob Gram-positive thiab Gram-negative. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab cov ntaub, cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj lossis kev ntxuav qhov chaw tawv. Nws tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog cov tshuaj dawb thaum ntxuav, tab sis nws tsis ruaj khov thaum khaws cia ntev hauv cov txheej txheem oxidizing muaj zog (active bleaching). Qhov ntau ntxiv uas pom zoo hauv cov tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws yog ≤ 0.6%.

Tam sim no, ntau yam khoom siv tua kab mob hauv khw muaj triclosan thiab triclocarban. Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb uas tau hais los ntawm US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) qhia tias kev raug rau qee cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv cov khoom siv tua kab mob, xws li triclosan thiab triclocarban, yuav cuam tshuam rau tib neeg txoj kev tiv thaiv tshuaj lossis cov tshuaj hormones, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev noj qab haus huv. Cov xov xwm no tau ua rau muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws rau cov neeg siv khoom txoj kev xav txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm triclosan thiab triclocarban, txo lawv txoj kev lees txais cov khoom no. Vim tias diclosan muaj ib qho chlorine atom tsawg dua li triclosan, nws tsis ua rau tib neeg lub cev khaus thiab yog li ntawd muaj qhov hloov pauv triclosan.

2. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob Phenolic

Chloroxylenol (PCMX)

Nws lub npe tshuaj yog 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, luv ua PCMX. Nws yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob zoo, muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab dav dav. Nws muaj cov nyhuv tua kab mob rau feem ntau cov kab mob Gram-positive, negative, fungi thiab pwm, tsis ua rau khaus, thiab yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Nws tuaj yeem siv dav ua cov pwm thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv kev tua kab mob lossis cov khoom siv tu tus kheej, xws li tshuaj zawv plaub hau tiv thaiv dandruff, ntxuav tes, xab npum thiab lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob. Tau pom zoo los ntawm US FDA, PCMX yog tus neeg sawv cev tua kab mob nyiam nrog qhov concentration tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 0.5%, thiab tuaj yeem diluted nrog dej ntawm qhov piv ntawm 1: 120 thaum siv. Chloroxylenol tsis sib xws nrog cov surfactants non-ionic thiab methylcellulose. Tam sim no, ntau cov tshuaj tua kab mob lossis cov tshuaj ntxuav khaub ncaws antibacterial hauv khw tau ntxiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob no.

2,4-Dichloro-3,5-dimethylphenol (DCMX)

DCMX yog ib yam khoom dawb greyish los yog daj ntseg daj los yog crystalline hmoov khoom uas muaj ntxhiab tsw tshwj xeeb, lub melting point ntawm 92-95 ° C, nyuaj rau yaj hauv dej, thiab yooj yim yaj hauv cawv xws li ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol thiab lwm yam organic solvents. Nws yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob zoo, dav spectrum thiab muaj zog. Cov khoom no muaj zog tua thiab tiv thaiv ntau tshaj 10 hom kab mob pathogenic, thiab siv dav hauv kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob pej xeem lossis tshwj xeeb, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv pwm hauv kev lag luam tawv.

Thaum siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob phenolic, lawv cov khoom tua kab mob tsis yaj hauv dej, ua rau nws yooj yim los tsim cov phenol thaum siv. Phenol yog ib yam tshuaj carcinogen uas paub thoob ntiaj teb, uas ua rau muaj kuab paug rau ib puag ncig thiab muaj qee yam kev pheej hmoo thaum siv.

3. Lwm tus

2-Phenoxyethanol (EPH/EP)

2-Phenoxyethanol, tseem hu ua ethylene glycol monophenyl ether lossis phenoxyethanol, yog ib hom tshuaj tua kab mob uas nrov thoob ntiaj teb. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo, kev nyab xeeb, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tsis khaus thiab tsis muaj kuab paug, thiab siv tau rau kev tiv thaiv xeb thiab kev tua kab mob hauv tshuaj, tshuaj pleev ib ce, cov khoom ntxuav hauv tsev, nrog rau kev tua kab mob thiab khaws cov ntaub so ntub thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce. 2-Phenoxyethanol muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev siv dav thiab zoo, muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis khaus rau tib neeg lub cev, tuaj yeem tswj tau cov kab mob, cov poov xab thiab pwm, thiab muaj cov teebmeem synergistic pom tseeb thaum siv nrog lwm cov khoom xyaw tua kab mob. Ua ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob tsis-ionic, EPH muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab ruaj khov hauv cov mis, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ntau pH (pH 2-12). Nws kuj muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab ruaj khov hauv alkaline medium feem ntau siv hauv cov xab npum, thiab siv ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab deodorant zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov tebchaws European thiab Asmeskas.

Yog tias koj muaj cov kev xav tau rau kev ntxuav cov kab mob bactericides, xav tias dawb rautiv tauj pebtxhua lub sijhawm.