Kev tsim cov nqi hluav taws xob electrostatic

Lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom khov kho kom nqa tau ib qho nqi nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom, dielectric tas mus li, qhov chaw tiv taus ntawm qhov chaw, thiab qhov av noo ntawm ib puag ncig. Nws lub peev xwm nqa tau ib qho nqi yog inversely proportional rau nws dielectric tas mus li thiab qhov av noo, thiab ncaj qha proportional rau nws qhov chaw tiv taus ntawm qhov chaw. Lub cim ntawm qhov nqi sib txawv nyob ntawm cov khoom siv; cov khoom siv uas muaj dielectric tas mus li qis dua yog cov nqi zoo.

Cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim hluav taws xob zoo li qub. Cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm feem ntau cov yas qhia tau tias lawv yog cov rwb thaiv tsev zoo heev, ua rau lawv yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv zaus siab xws li radar. Vim tias feem ntau cov yas muaj qhov conductivity qis, lawv tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov nqi hluav taws xob sai sai, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yas thiab cov hlau.

Thaum siv cov khoom yas, hluav taws xob static tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj heev. Cov teeb meem feem ntau suav nrog: cov av plua plav loj heev rau ntawm cov yas; hluav taws xob static nyiam cov hmoov av uas cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv; hluav taws xob static ua rau muaj kev xav tsis zoo "hluav taws xob poob siab" rau cov neeg siv cov ntaub pua plag lossis cov yas hauv pem teb; kev sib txuas ntawm cov yas thiab cov ntawv, cuam tshuam kev tsim khoom ib txwm muaj; thiab cov hmoov av khov ua ke thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los ntawm huab cua. Cov hluav taws xob tso tawm los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov nqi static tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm huab cua thiab hmoov av lossis cov kuab tshuaj organic, ua rau muaj ntau qhov kev tawg ua puas tsuaj.

Kev ntsuas los txo cov nqi hluav taws xob electrostatic

(1) Kev nce ntawm cov av noo: Raws li qhov av noo ntawm cov khoom pwm nce ntxiv, lawv cov conductivity ntawm qhov chaw kuj nce ntxiv, yog li ua kom cov nqi ploj mus sai dua. Piv txwv li, thaum cov av noo ntawm cov polyamide uas nqus dej siab dua 65%, yuav luag tsis muaj hluav taws xob zoo li qub. Ntawm qhov tod tes, thaum cov av noo qis dua 20%, cov teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw them nyiaj tsis zam. Hauv qhov no, tsuas yog txoj kev ntsuas zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv hluav taws xob zoo li qub yog ntxiv cov khoom siv conductive los txo qhov ntim resistivity.

(2) Ua kom cov cua conductivity nce ntxiv:los ntawm kev siv lub ionizer uas ua haujlwm raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm hluav taws xob lossis radioactivity los ua kom muaj kev coj ua ntawm huab cua, yog li ntawd cov nqi tuaj yeem sai sai dissipated rau hauv huab cua ib puag ncig.

(3) Ua kom cov nplaim hluav taws xob nce ntxiv los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tshuaj ntxiv (cov neeg sawv cev antistatic) rau cov yas lossis siv rau saum npoo kom ua rau cov nplaim hluav taws xob nce ntxiv, yog li ntawd tshem tawm cov nqi hluav taws xob.

 Cov Qauv Tshuaj ntawm Cov Neeg Sawv Cev Tiv Thaiv Kev Kub Ntxhov

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob yog cov khoom ntxiv uas tau ntxiv rau hauv cov tshuaj molding lossis siv rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom pwm kom txo cov hluav taws xob static. Feem ntau, raws li txoj kev siv, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg tseem ceeb: kev siv sab hauv thiab kev siv sab nraud.

2.Cov Neeg Sawv Cev Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob Sab Hauv

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sab hauv ntxiv rau hauv cov polymers ua cov surfactants ua ntej lossis thaum lub sijhawm molding. Lawv txhua tus muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov chaw thiab tuaj yeem tsiv teb tsaws chaw thiab sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom pwm. Cov tshuaj ntxiv no muaj ob qho tib si hydrophilic thiab hydrophobic pawg hauv lawv cov molecules. Cov hydrophobic pawg muaj qee qhov sib xws nrog cov polymer thiab tuaj yeem ua rau nws cov molecules lo rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom, thaum cov hydrophilic pawg ua haujlwm los ntawm kev khi thiab pauv nrog cov dej molecules ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom. Feem ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem faib ua cationic, anionic, thiab nonionic hom.

1.Cov Neeg Sawv Cev Cationic Antistatic:Hauv hom tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob no, qhov nquag ntawm lub molecule feem ntau muaj cov pab pawg cationic loj thiab feem ntau yog cov pab pawg alkyl ntev, xws li cov ntsev quaternary ammonium, cov ntsev quaternary sulfonium, lossis cov ntsev quaternary sulfonium. Cov anions feem ntau tsim thaum lub sijhawm quaternization reactions, xws li chlorides, methyl sulfates, thiab nitrates. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntsev quaternary ammonium yog cov tseem ceeb hauv pawg no ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob cationic muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov polar matrices (xws li PVC thiab styrene polymers). Txawm li cas los xij, lawv siv yog qee qhov txwv vim lawv cov teebmeem tsis zoo rau kev ruaj khov thermal ntawm qee cov polymers.

2. Cov Tshuaj Anionic Antistatic: Hauv hom tshuaj antistatic no, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov molecule yog anionic. Alkyl sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, dithiocarbamates, lossis carboxylates feem ntau nqa ntau cov anions, thaum cov cations feem ntau yog alkali hlau ions, thiab qee zaum alkaline ntiaj teb hlau ions. Piv txwv li, sodium alkyl sulfonate yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam vim nws ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig antistatic zoo hauv polyvinyl chloride thiab polystyrene polymers, tab sis nws daim ntawv thov hauv polyolefins muaj qee qhov kev txwv.

3. Cov neeg sawv cev antistatic uas tsis yog ionicCov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob no muaj ib pawg molecular uas tsis muaj zog thiab muaj polarity qis heev (feem ntau yog polyethylene glycol esters lossis ethers, fatty acid esters lossis ethanolamines, mono- lossis diglycerides, thiab ethoxylated fatty amines). Lawv feem ntau muab rau hauv kev lag luam ua kua lossis cov roj hmab uas tsis muaj zog.

Qhov polarity qis ntawm cov additives no ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho sab hauv antistatic agents rau polyethylene thiab polypropylene, thiab lawv kuj qhia tau tias muaj kev sib raug zoo siab. Ntau hom polyethylene thiab polypropylene muaj ntau qhov sib txawv, crystallinity, thiab microscopic molecular qauv. Yog li ntawd, kom tau txais cov qauv molecular zoo tshaj plaws rau txhua tus neeg sawv cev antistatic, qhov ntev ntawm alkyl saw thiab tus lej ntawm hydroxyl lossis ether pawg hauv cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau kho. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev no tuaj yeem ua kom tau qhov kev siv tau zoo. Piv txwv li, cov neeg sawv cev antistatic ib txwm siv hauv polypropylene tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig thaum siv rau polyethylene qis-density, thiab vice versa.

 Tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kab mob sab nraud

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob sab nraud raug siv rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom pwm hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kua dej lossis cov cawv. Vim muaj ntau txoj kev siv sib txawv, cov qauv uas tau hais hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob sab hauv yuav tsis tseem ceeb. Txhua yam tshuaj uas ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw, nrog rau ntau yam tshuaj hygroscopic uas tsis ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw (xws li glycerin, polyols, thiab polyethylene glycol), muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws xob rau ntau qib, thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj no tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm lawv qhov sib xws nrog cov polymer lossis lawv txoj kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw hauv cov polymer.