I. Cov Lus thiab Cov Lus Txhais

Lub hnub ci muaj ntau lub teeb ultraviolet (UV), nrog rau qhov ntev ntawm kwv yees li 290-460 nm, uas ua rau cov khoom muaj xim puas tsuaj. Lub teeb UV no ua rau cov xim molecules lwj thiab ploj mus los ntawm cov tshuaj redox. Kev siv cov khoom nqus UV tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lossis txo cov teebmeem puas tsuaj ntawm UV hluav taws xob rau cov khoom tiv thaiv.

Lub UV absorber yog lub teeb stabilizer uas nqus tau qhov UV ntawm lub hnub ci thiab lub teeb fluorescent yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv dab tsi. Nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci thiab fluorescence, plastics thiab lwm yam polymers dhau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm UV hluav taws xob, ua rau polymer puas tsuaj thiab puas tsuaj, ua rau tsis zoo nkauj thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Ntxiv UV absorbers xaiv nqus cov hluav taws xob UV muaj zog no, hloov nws mus rau hauv lub zog tsis muaj teeb meem uas raug tso tawm lossis siv. Vim tias cov polymers sib txawv muaj cov UV wavelengths sib txawv uas ua rau puas tsuaj, cov UV absorbers sib txawv nqus cov UV wavelengths sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum xaiv lub UV absorber tsim nyog raws li hom polymer siv.

II. Kev faib tawm thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Ultraviolet Absorbers

Cov khoom nqus ultraviolet yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

① Nws tuaj yeem nqus tau cov teeb ci ultraviolet (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov teeb ci ultraviolet nrog wavelengths ntawm 290 ~ 400nm); ② Nws muaj kev ruaj khov thermal zoo thiab yuav tsis hloov pauv vim cua sov txawm tias thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav, nrog rau qhov tsis tshua muaj thermal volatility; ③ Nws muaj kev ruaj khov tshuaj lom neeg zoo thiab yuav tsis cuam tshuam tsis zoo nrog cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom; ④ Nws muaj kev sib xyaw zoo thiab tuaj yeem sib npaug hauv cov khoom siv yam tsis muaj paj lossis seepage; ⑤ Tus nqus nws tus kheej muaj kev ruaj khov photochemical zoo, tsis lwj, thiab tsis hloov xim; ⑥ Nws tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab tsis muaj ntxhiab; ⑦ Nws ntxuav tau; ⑧ Nws pheej yig thiab yooj yim nrhiav tau.

Benzotriazole UV absorbers tam sim no yog hom siv dav tshaj plaws hauv Suav teb, tab sis triazine UV absorbers qhia tau tias muaj kev ua tau zoo dua li benzotriazoles. Triazine absorbers muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo heev rau kev nqus UV, nrog rau lwm yam zoo, ua rau lawv siv tau dav hauv cov polymers. Lawv qhia tau tias muaj kev ruaj khov zoo heev, kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab kev tiv taus kua qaub. Hauv kev siv tiag tiag, triazine UV absorbers qhia tau tias muaj kev sib koom ua ke zoo nrog cov tshuaj amine teeb stabilizers; thaum siv ua ke, lawv tsim cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua li thaum siv ib leeg.

III. Ntau yam khoom nqus ultraviolet uas siv ntau

(1) Cov khoom ua tshuaj ntawm o-nitroaniline thiab p-cresol

Nws zoo li cov siv lead ua tsis muaj xim lossis daj ntseg. Nws yaj tau hauv ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic xws li roj av, benzene, thiab acetone. Nws yaj tau yooj yim heev hauv dej thiab tsis lwj los ntawm cov alkalis lossis cov kua qaub uas muaj concentrated. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov hlau hnyav los ua cov ntsev. Nws tuaj yeem nqus tau lub teeb ultraviolet nrog wavelengths ntawm 270-280 nm. Nws lub ntsiab lus yaj yog 130-131 ℃.

Nws yog siv rau hauv cov resins xws li polyester, chlorinated polyester, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, plexiglass, thiab polyacrylonitrile. Nws qhia tau tias muaj kev ruaj khov zoo dua hauv cov khoom pob tshab dua li cov khoom muaj xim. Cov koob tshuaj hauv cov khoom tiav yog ≤0.5%.

(2) 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (UV-9)

Ib tug hmoov crystalline daj los yog dawb. Qhov ceev 1.324 g/cm³. Melting point 62-66 ℃. Boiling point 150-160 ℃ (0.67 kPa), 220 ℃ (2.4 kPa). Yaj nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov organic solvents xws li acetone, ketones, benzene, methanol, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, thiab ethanol; insoluble nyob rau hauv dej. Solubility (g/100g, 25 ℃) nyob rau hauv ib co solvents yog raws li nram no: benzene 56.2, n-hexane 4.3, ethanol (95%) 5.8, carbon tetrachloride 34.5, styrene 51.2, DOP 18.7.

Ua ib qho khoom nqus UV, nws tsim nyog rau ntau yam yas xws li polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, unsaturated polyester, ABS resin, thiab cellulose resin. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov nqus tau wavelength yog 280 ~ 340 nm, thiab qhov ntau npaum li cas yog 0.1% ~ 1.5%. Nws muaj kev ruaj khov zoo thiab tsis lwj ntawm 200 ℃. Cov khoom no nqus yuav luag tsis pom lub teeb, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau cov khoom xim dawb, pob tshab. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau hauv cov xim pleev xim thiab roj hmab hluavtaws.

(3) 2-Hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone (UV-531)

Hmoov crystalline daj ntseg los yog dawb. Qhov ceev 1.160 g/cm³ (25 ℃). Melting point 48~49 ℃. Yaj hauv acetone, benzene, ethanol, thiab isopropanol; yaj me ntsis hauv dichloroethane; tsis yaj hauv dej. Solubility (g/100g, 25 ℃) hauv qee cov kuab tshuaj yog: acetone 74, benzene 72, methanol 2, ethanol (95%) 2.6, n-heptane 40, n-hexane 40.1, dej 0.5.

Ua ib qho khoom nqus UV, nws nqus tau lub teeb ultraviolet nrog lub wavelengths ntawm 270-330 nm. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ntau yam yas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, ABS resin, polycarbonate, thiab polyvinyl chloride. Nws muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov resins thiab tsis tshua muaj volatility. Cov koob tshuaj ib txwm yog 0.1% txog 1%. Nws muaj cov nyhuv synergistic zoo thaum siv nrog me me ntawm 4,4-thiobis (6-tert-butyl-p-cresol). Cov khoom no kuj tseem siv tau ua lub teeb stabilizer hauv ntau yam txheej.

(4) 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′,5′-di-tert-phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole (UV-327) yog ib qho tshuaj nqus UV uas muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws thiab siv rau benzotriazole UV-326. Nws nqus tau lub teeb ultraviolet nrog lub wavelengths ntawm 270 ~ 380nm, muaj kev ruaj khov tshuaj zoo, thiab tsis tshua muaj volatility. Nws muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog polyolefins. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau polyethylene thiab polypropylene. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj tseem siv tau rau hauv polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyoxymethylene, polyurethane, unsaturated polyester, ABS resin, epoxy resin, cellulose resin, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom no muaj kev tiv thaiv kub sublimation zoo heev, ntxuav tau, roj fading tsis kam, thiab khaws cia cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Nws muaj cov nyhuv synergistic tseem ceeb thaum siv nrog antioxidants. Nws yog siv los txhim kho thermo-oxidative stability ntawm cov khoom.

(5) Resorcinol monobenzoate yog hmoov dawb crystalline. Melting point 132 ~ 135 ℃. Bulk density 0.68 g / cm³ (20%). Soluble hauv acetone thiab ethanol, me ntsis soluble hauv benzene, dej, n-heptane, thiab lwm yam. Ua tus stabilizer UV teeb, nws cov kev ua tau zoo ib yam li cov benzophenone-based light stabilizers. Nws feem ntau yog siv hauv polyvinyl chloride, cellulose resin, thiab polystyrene, feem ntau ntawm cov koob tshuaj ntawm 1% txog 2%.