Cov polyurethane dej yog ib hom polyurethane tshiab uas siv dej hloov cov organic solvents ua cov khoom sib kis. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm tsis muaj kuab paug, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg tau, cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo heev, sib xws zoo, thiab yooj yim hloov kho.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv polyurethane kuj raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev tsis kam dej, kev tiv taus cua sov, thiab kev tiv taus cov kuab tshuaj vim tsis muaj kev sib txuas ruaj khov.

Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txhim kho thiab ua kom zoo dua ntau yam khoom siv ntawm polyurethane los ntawm kev qhia txog cov monomers ua haujlwm xws li organic fluorosilicone, epoxy resin, acrylic ester, thiab nanomaterials.
Ntawm lawv, cov khoom siv polyurethane hloov kho nanomaterial tuaj yeem txhim kho lawv cov khoom siv kho tshuab, kev tiv thaiv kev hnav, thiab kev ruaj khov thermal. Cov txheej txheem hloov kho suav nrog txoj kev sib xyaw ua ke, txoj kev polymerization hauv qhov chaw, txoj kev sib xyaw, thiab lwm yam.

Nano Silica
SiO2 muaj cov qauv network peb-seem, nrog rau ntau pawg hydroxyl nquag ntawm nws qhov chaw. Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom siv dav dav ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tom qab ua ke nrog polyurethane los ntawm covalent bond thiab van der Waals force, xws li kev ywj pheej, kev tiv taus kub siab thiab qis, kev tiv taus laus, thiab lwm yam. Guo et al. synthesize nano-SiO2 hloov kho polyurethane siv txoj kev polymerization hauv-situ. Thaum cov ntsiab lus SiO2 yog li 2% (wt, feem pua ​​​​​​ntawm pawg, tib yam hauv qab no), qhov shear viscosity thiab peel zog ntawm cov nplaum tau txhim kho zoo heev. Piv nrog polyurethane ntshiab, qhov kub siab tiv taus thiab tensile zog kuj tau nce me ntsis.

Nano Zinc Oxide
Nano ZnO muaj lub zog siab, cov khoom zoo tua kab mob thiab bacteriostatic, nrog rau lub peev xwm muaj zog los nqus cov hluav taws xob infrared thiab tiv thaiv UV zoo, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Awad et al. siv txoj kev nano positron los koom ua ke ZnO fillers rau hauv polyurethane. Kev tshawb fawb pom tias muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov nanoparticles thiab polyurethane. Kev nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm nano ZnO los ntawm 0 txog 5% ua rau lub iav hloov pauv kub (Tg) ntawm polyurethane nce, uas txhim kho nws qhov kev ruaj khov thermal.

Nano Calcium Carbonate
Qhov kev sib cuam tshuam muaj zog ntawm nano CaCO3 thiab lub matrix ua rau lub zog tensile ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polyurethane zoo dua. Gao et al. thawj zaug hloov kho nano-CaCO3 nrog oleic acid, thiab tom qab ntawd npaj polyurethane / CaCO3 los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke hauv qhov chaw. Kev sim infrared (FT-IR) qhia tau tias cov nanoparticles tau sib xyaw ua ke hauv lub matrix. Raws li kev sim ua haujlwm kho tshuab, nws tau pom tias polyurethane hloov kho nrog nanoparticles muaj lub zog tensile siab dua li polyurethane ntshiab.

Graphene
Graphene (G) yog ib txheej txheej uas sib txuas los ntawm SP2 hybrid orbitals, uas qhia tau tias muaj kev coj ua zoo heev, kev coj ua thermal, thiab kev ruaj khov. Nws muaj lub zog siab, kev tawv zoo, thiab yooj yim khoov. Wu et al. tau tsim cov Ag/G/PU nanocomposites, thiab nrog rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm Ag/G cov ntsiab lus, qhov kev ruaj khov thermal thiab hydrophobicity ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tau txuas ntxiv txhim kho, thiab kev ua haujlwm antibacterial kuj nce ntxiv raws li.

Cov Nanotubes Carbon
Cov raj carbon nanotubes (CNTs) yog cov khoom siv ib-seem tubular nanomaterials txuas nrog hexagons, thiab tam sim no yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv nrog ntau yam kev siv. Los ntawm kev siv nws lub zog siab, conductivity, thiab polyurethane composite cov khoom, qhov thermal stability, mechanical cov khoom, thiab conductivity ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem txhim kho. Wu et al. tau qhia CNTs los ntawm kev polymerization hauv-situ los tswj kev loj hlob thiab kev tsim cov khoom emulsion, ua rau CNTs tuaj yeem sib cais sib npaug hauv polyurethane matrix. Nrog rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm CNTs nce ntxiv, lub zog tensile ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tau txhim kho zoo heev.

Peb lub tuam txhab muab cov khoom zooFumed Silica, Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Hydrolysis (cov tshuaj sib txuas, Carbodiimide), Cov Tshuaj Nqus UV, thiab lwm yam, uas ua rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm polyurethane zoo dua.