ʻElua mau kumu nui o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā bactericides i nā huahana holoi: e pale i nā lole a e pale i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka ʻili i hana ʻia e ka bacteria. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā bactericides i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā mea holoi lole e komo pū me kēia mau ʻano:

1. Nā Bactericides i loaʻa ka Chlorine

ʻO Triclocarban

Ma muli o kona ʻano ākea a me ka hopena kiʻekiʻe o ka pepehi ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i nā bacteria Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, yeasts, viruses, etc., hoʻohana nui ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he bactericide a me ka preservative i nā huahana holoi, nā mea hoʻonani, nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ea, nā mea hoʻopau lole a me ka ʻili, nā deodorants a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe. He wikiwiki ka wikiwiki o ka bactericidal o Triclocarban, palekana a ʻaʻohe ʻawaʻawa, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. Ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻili a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​lole fibrous, ʻaʻole maʻalahi e holoi ʻia i ka wā e holoi ai, no laila e hoʻomau mau ana i nā hopena bactericidal a me bacteriostatic. Ma ke ʻano he bactericide anionic, he kūpono maikaʻi ka triclocarban a me ke kūpaʻa i nā detergents, paʻa i ka mālamalama a me ka wela, ʻaʻole e hoʻoulu i ka discoloration o ka huahana, ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻohaumia i nā lole a me ka ʻili. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua ʻaʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻohui ʻana o triclocarban i ka detergent a me ka mana huʻa o nā detergents wai, a he kūpaʻa maikaʻi ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka mahana. He kūpono a kūpaʻa hoʻi me ka alkaline medium i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i loko o nā kumu kopa, no laila kūpono loa ia no ka holoi ʻana i nā huahana e like me nā kopa, nā holoi kino, nā shampoos, nā pauka holoi, nā mea holoi lole a me nā holoi lima.

ʻO Triclosan

ʻO Triclosan, me ka inoa ʻepekema "2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether" a me ke ʻano kemika C₁₂H₇Cl₃O₂, ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo "triclosan". Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, he pauka crystalline keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo paha me kahi ʻala phenolic iki. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, maʻalahi ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā hopena alkaline a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik, loaʻa iā ia kahi ākea o ka pepehi ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i nā hopena pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, yeasts a me nā virus (e like me ka hepatitis A, hepatitis B, rabies virus, HIV). ʻAʻole ia e hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻili a like ka maikaʻi me nā bacteria pale antibiotic a me nā bacteria pale ʻole.

Ma ke ʻano he bactericide ākea ākea, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka triclosan i nā kopa lāʻau lapaʻau kiʻekiʻe / nā kopa hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā lotion hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā deodorant / nā ʻala wāwae, nā holoi lima disinfectant, nā ʻūpā disinfection ʻeha, nā disinfectants hāmeʻa lapaʻau, nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe maka / kirīmi, nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ea a me nā deodorants friji. Hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā lole hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka mālama anti-corrosion o nā plastics. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka triclosan maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe i nā toothpaste therapeutic a me nā holoi waha no ka mālama ʻana i ka gingivitis, periodontitis a me nā ʻeha waha, me kahi hoʻohana i manaʻo ʻia he 0.05% a 0.3%.

ʻO Diclosan

ʻO kona inoa kemika ʻo 4,4′-dichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether, i hoʻopōkole ʻia e like meʻO Diclosan DB-100Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, he wai melemele palupalu ia. ʻAʻole hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik a me nā hopena surfactant, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me nā anionic, non-ionic, amphoteric a me cationic surfactants, me ke kūpaʻa wela a hiki i ka 200°C a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i nā wahi alkaline.ʻO Diclosan DB-100he bactericide ākea ākea palekana a maikaʻi hoʻi, nona ka hopena pale maikaʻi i nā bacteria Gram-positive a me Gram-negative. He kūpono ia no nā huahana mālama hale a me nā lole, nā lako kīhini a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻili paʻakikī. Hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia me ka bleach hana i ka wā hoʻomaʻemaʻe, akā paʻa ʻole ke mālama ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi i loko o nā ʻōnaehana oxidizing ikaika (bleaching hana). ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻohui i manaʻo ʻia i nā mea holoi lole he ≤ 0.6%.

I kēia manawa, nui nā huahana antibacterial ma ka mākeke e loaʻa ana ka triclosan a me ka triclocarban. Ua hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ʻo ka hoʻopili lōʻihi ʻana i kekahi mau mea hana i loko o nā huahana antibacterial, e like me ka triclosan a me ka triclocarban, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ke kūʻē ʻana o ke kanaka i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā ​​​​pae hormone, e hoʻoweliweli ana i ke olakino. Ua hoʻolei kēia nūhou i kahi aka noʻonoʻo ma ka manaʻo o nā mea kūʻai aku i ka palekana o ka triclosan a me ka triclocarban, e hōʻemi ana i ko lākou ʻae ʻana i ia mau huahana. ʻOiai he hoʻokahi ʻātoma chlorine ka diclosan ma mua o ka triclosan, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻonāukiuki i ke kino kanaka a no laila he ʻano ia e pani i ka triclosan.

2. Nā Bactericides Phenolic

Chloroxylenol (PCMX)

ʻO kona inoa kemika ʻo 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, i hoʻopōkole ʻia ʻo PCMX. He bactericide kiʻekiʻe, palekana a ākea ka laulā. Loaʻa iā ia nā hopena pepehi i ka hapa nui o nā bacteria Gram-positive, maikaʻi ʻole, fungi a me nā ʻōpala, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻonāukiuki, a he mea antibacterial haʻahaʻa ka ʻona. Hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he mildew a me ka antibacterial agent i ka disinfection a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​huahana mālama pilikino, e like me nā shampoos anti-dandruff, nā holoi lima, nā kopa a me nā mea holoi antibacterial ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻae ʻia e ka US FDA, ʻo PCMX ka mea bactericidal makemake ʻia me ka liʻiliʻi o 0.5%, a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wai ma ka lakio o 1:120 ke hoʻohana ʻia. ʻAʻole kūlike ʻo Chloroxylenol me nā surfactants non-ionic a me methylcellulose. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohui ka nui o nā disinfectants a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea holoi lole antibacterial ma ka mākeke i kēia bactericide.

2,4-Dichloro-3,5-dimethylphenol (DCMX)

He ʻano hina hina keʻokeʻo a melemele māmā paha ka DCMX a he pauka paʻa crystalline paha me kahi ʻala kūikawā, he wahi hoʻoheheʻe o 92-95°C, paʻakikī ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā waiʻona e like me ka ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik ʻē aʻe. He mea hana antimicrobial kiʻekiʻe, ākea ka laulā a ikaika hoʻi. Loaʻa i kēia huahana nā hopena pepehi a me ka pale ʻana i nā ʻano microorganism pathogenic he 10 a ʻoi, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kahua disinfectant kīwila a kūikawā paha, a me ka pale ʻana i ka mildew i ka ʻoihana ʻili.

I ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe phenolic, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kā lākou mau ʻāpana bactericidal i ka wai, e maʻalahi ai ke hana i ka phenol i ka wā e hoʻohana ai. He mea carcinogenic kiʻekiʻe ka Phenol i ʻike ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka haumia koʻikoʻi o ke kaiapuni a loaʻa i kekahi mau pilikia i ka hoʻohana ʻana.

3. Nā mea ʻē aʻe

2-Phenoxyethanol (EPH/EP)

ʻO 2-Phenoxyethanol, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ethylene glycol monophenyl ether a i ʻole phenoxyethanol, he bactericide ākea ākea kaulana ia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano o ka pono kiʻekiʻe, palekana, haʻahaʻa ka ʻawaʻawa, ʻaʻohe hoʻonāukiuki a ʻaʻohe haumia, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka anti-corrosion a me ka sterilization i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea hoʻonani, nā huahana holoi hale, a me ka disinfection a me ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻūpī pulu a me nā mea hoʻonani. He mōʻaukala lōʻihi ko 2-Phenoxyethanol o ka hoʻohana ākea a maikaʻi, palekana a ʻaʻole hoʻonāukiuki i ke kino kanaka, hiki ke hoʻomalu pono i ka bacteria, nā hū a me nā ʻōpala, a he mau hopena synergistic maopopo i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia me nā mea hana bactericidal ʻē aʻe. Ma ke ʻano he bactericide non-ionic, loaʻa iā EPH ka hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa i nā formula, a hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ma kahi ākea pH (pH 2-12). Loaʻa iā ia ka hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa i ka medium alkaline i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā kumu kopa, a hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he bactericide maʻamau a maikaʻi loa a me ka deodorant ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika.

Inā he mau koi kāu no ka holoi ʻana i nā bactericides, e ʻoluʻolu ekāhea iā mā˚oui kēlā me kēia manawa.