Ka hana ʻana o ka hoʻopiʻi electrostatic

ʻO ka hiki o kahi mea paʻa ke hāpai i kahi uku e pili ana i nā kūlana o ka ʻili, ka dielectric constant, ka resistivity o ka ʻili, a me ka makū pili o ke kaiapuni a puni. ʻO kona hiki ke hāpai i kahi uku he inversely proportional i kona dielectric constant a me ka makū pili, a kūlike pololei i kona resistivity o ka ʻili. ʻOkoʻa ka hōʻailona o ka uku ma muli o ka mea; ʻo nā mea me nā dielectric constants haʻahaʻa he hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia.

Pili nā waiwai insulation i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka uila static. Hōʻike ka ʻano kemika o ka hapa nui o nā plastics iā lākou he mau insulators maikaʻi loa, e lilo ana lākou i mau mea pono no nā lako alapine kiʻekiʻe e like me ka radar. No ka mea, he haʻahaʻa ka conductivity o ka hapa nui o nā plastics, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopau koke i ka hoʻouka uila, kahi ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā plastics a me nā metala.

I ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā huahana plastik, hiki i ka uila static ke hana i nā pilikia like ʻole a alakaʻi i nā hopena koʻikoʻi, a weliweli hoʻi. ʻO nā pōʻino maʻamau: ka hōʻiliʻili nui ʻana o ka lepo ma luna o nā ʻili plastik; ka uila static e huki ana i ka lepo e hoʻopilikia ai i ke ʻano kani o nā moʻolelo; ka uila static e hoʻoulu ai i kahi manaʻo "haʻalulu uila" ʻoluʻolu ʻole i nā poʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā kāpeti fiber synthetic a i ʻole ka papahele plastik; ka hoʻopili static ma waena o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni plastik a me nā pepa, e hoʻopilikia ana i ka hana maʻamau; a me ka pauka paʻa e hui pū ana i ka wā e lawe ʻia ai ke kahe ʻana o ka ea. Hiki i nā hunaahi hoʻokuʻu i hana ʻia e nā hōʻiliʻili nui o ka hoʻouka static ke hoʻā i nā hui ʻana o ka ea a me ka lepo a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻoheheʻe organik, e lilo i kumu o nā pahū luku he nui.

Nā hana e kāohi ai i ka hoʻopiʻi electrostatic

(1) Ke hoʻonui nei i ka haʻahaʻa pili: Ke piʻi aʻe ka haʻahaʻa o ke kaiapuni o nā huahana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, piʻi pū ko lākou conductivity o ka ʻili, a laila e wikiwiki ai ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka uku. No ka laʻana, i ka wā e ʻoi aku ai ka haʻahaʻa o ka polyamide e omo ana i ka wai ma mua o 65%, ʻaʻohe uila static. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i ka wā e haʻahaʻa loa ai ka haʻahaʻa pili ma mua o 20%, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia nā pilikia kaulike uku o ka ʻili. I kēia hihia, ʻo ke ana kūpono wale nō e kāohi ai i ka uila static, ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi matrix conductive e hōʻemi i ka resistivity volume.

(2) Hoʻonui i ke alakaʻi ʻana o ka ea:ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ionizer e hana ana ma ke kumumanaʻo o ka uila a i ʻole ka radioactivity e hoʻonui i ka conductivity o ka ea, i hiki ai ke hoʻoheheʻe koke ʻia ka uku i ka ea ambient.

(3) Hoʻonui i ka conductivity o ka ʻili ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui kemika (nā mea antistatic agents) i nā plastics a i ʻole e hoʻopili iā lākou i ka ʻili e hoʻonui i ka conductivity o ka ʻili, a laila e hoʻopau ana i ka hoʻouka static.

 ʻAno Kemika o nā Mea Antistatic

ʻO nā mea hana antistatic he mau mea hoʻohui i hoʻohui ʻia i nā hui hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a i ʻole i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka ʻili o nā huahana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hōʻemi i ka hōʻiliʻili uila static. Ma keʻano laulā, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka noi ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hana antistatic i ʻelua mau ʻāpana nui: ka noi kūloko a me waho.

2.Nā Mea Hana Antistatic Kūloko

Hoʻohui ʻia nā mea antistatic i hoʻohui ʻia i loko i nā polymers ma ke ʻano he surfactants ma mua a i ʻole i ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana. Loaʻa iā lākou āpau nā ʻano hana-ʻili a hiki ke neʻe a hōʻuluʻulu ma luna o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Loaʻa i kēia mau mea hoʻohui nā hui hydrophilic a me hydrophobic i loko o kā lākou mau molekala. Loaʻa i nā hui hydrophobic kahi kūlike me ka polymer a hiki ke hoʻopili i kāna mau molekala i ka ʻili o ka huahana, ʻoiai nā hui hydrophilic e hana ma ke nakinaki ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana me nā molekala wai ma luna o ka ʻili o ka huahana. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea antistatic me nā ʻano hana-ʻili i nā ʻano cationic, anionic, a me nonionic.

1.Nā mea hana antistatic cationic:Ma kēia ʻano mea antistatic, ʻo ka ʻāpana hana o ka molekala he hui cationic nui a pinepine kahi hui alkyl lōʻihi, e like me nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary, nā paʻakai sulfonium quaternary, a i ʻole nā ​​paʻakai sulfonium quaternary. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia nā anions i ka wā o nā hopena quaternization, e like me nā chlorides, methyl sulfates, a me nā nitrates. ʻO nā mea antistatic paʻakai ammonium quaternary ka mea nui i kēia māhele o nā huahana kalepa. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea antistatic cationic ma nā matrices polar (e like me PVC a me styrene polymers). Eia nō naʻe, ua kaupalena iki ʻia kā lākou hoʻohana ma muli o ko lākou hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka paʻa wela o kekahi mau polymers.

2. Nā ʻAkena Antistatic Anionic: Ma kēia ʻano ʻāpana antistatic, ʻo ka ʻāpana hana o ka molekala he anionic. ʻO nā alkyl sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, dithiocarbamates, a i ʻole carboxylates e lawe pinepine i kahi nui o nā anions, ʻoiai ʻo nā cations he mau ion metala alkali, a i kekahi manawa he mau ion metala alkaline honua. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka sodium alkyl sulfonate i ka ʻoihana no ka mea e loaʻa ana nā hopena antistatic maikaʻi i loko o nā polymers polyvinyl chloride a me polystyrene, akā ʻo kāna noi ʻana i nā polyolefins he mau palena.

3. Nā mea hana antistatic nonionicʻO kēia mau mea antistatic he hui molekala hana-ʻili i hoʻopiʻi ʻole ʻia a he polarity haʻahaʻa loa (ʻo ia hoʻi nā polyethylene glycol esters a i ʻole ethers, fatty acid esters a i ʻole ethanolamines, mono- a i ʻole diglycerides, a me nā ethoxylated fatty amines). Hoʻolako nui ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he wai a i ʻole nā ​​waxes palupalu haʻahaʻa.

ʻO ka polarity haʻahaʻa o kēia mau mea hoʻohui e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mau mea antistatic kūloko kūpono no ka polyethylene a me ka polypropylene, a hōʻike pū lākou i ka hoʻohālikelike kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa i nā ʻano polyethylene a me ka polypropylene nā densities like ʻole, crystallinity, a me nā ʻano molekala microscopic. No laila, no ka loaʻa ʻana o ke ʻano molekala kūpono no kēlā me kēia mea antistatic, pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke kaulahao alkyl a me ka helu o nā hui hydroxyl a i ʻole ether i loko o ka hui. Ma kēia ala wale nō e hiki ai ke hōʻoia pono i ka hopena noi i makemake ʻia. No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea antistatic maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka polypropylene ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka polyethylene haʻahaʻa, a ʻo ka hope.

 ʻAno uhi waho antistatic agent

Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea antistatic waho i ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma ke ʻano o kahi hopena wai a waiʻona paha. Ma muli o nā ʻano noi like ʻole, lilo nā koi kūkulu i ʻōlelo ʻia i nā mea antistatic kūloko i mea nui ʻole. ʻO nā hui hana-ʻili āpau, a me nā mea hygroscopic hana ʻole-ʻili he nui (e like me ka glycerin, polyols, a me ka polyethylene glycol), loaʻa iā lākou nā waiwai antistatic i nā kekelē like ʻole, a ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia ka pono o kēia mau hui e ko lākou kūlike me ka polymer a i ʻole ko lākou neʻe ʻana i loko o ka polymer.