ʻO ka polyurethane wai kahi ʻano hou o ka ʻōnaehana polyurethane e hoʻohana ana i ka wai ma kahi o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopuehu. Loaʻa iā ia nā pono o ka haumia ʻole, palekana a me ka hilinaʻi, nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi loa, kūpono maikaʻi, a maʻalahi ka hoʻololi ʻana.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻeha pū nā mea polyurethane i ke kūpaʻa wai ʻole, ke kūpaʻa wela, a me ke kūpaʻa solvent ma muli o ka nele o nā pilina cross-linking paʻa.

No laila, pono e hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻonui i nā ʻano noi like ʻole o ka polyurethane ma ka hoʻolauna ʻana i nā monomers hana e like me ka fluorosilicone organik, epoxy resin, acrylic ester, a me nā nanomaterials.
I waena o lākou, hiki i nā mea polyurethane i hoʻololi ʻia i ka nanomaterial ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ko lākou mau waiwai mechanical, ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu, a me ke kūpaʻa wela. ʻO nā ʻano hoʻololi e pili ana i ke ʻano hana hui intercalation, ke ʻano polymerization in-situ, ke ʻano hui ʻana, a pēlā aku.

Nano Silica
He ʻano pūnaewele ʻekolu-dimensional ko SiO2, me ka nui o nā hui hydroxyl ikaika ma luna o kona ʻili. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai piha o ka hui ma hope o ka hui ʻia ʻana me ka polyurethane e ka pilina covalent a me ka ikaika van der Waals, e like me ka maʻalahi, ke kū'ē ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka mahana, ke kū'ē ʻana i ka ʻelemakule, a pēlā aku. Ua synthesized ʻo Guo et al. i ka polyurethane i hoʻololi ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano polymerization in-situ. I ka wā i pili ai ka ʻike SiO2 ma kahi o 2% (wt, mass fraction, like ma lalo), ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ka viscosity shear a me ka ikaika peel o ka mea hoʻopili. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka polyurethane maʻemaʻe, ua piʻi iki hoʻi ke kū'ē ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana a me ka ikaika tensile.

ʻO ka Nano Zinc Oxide
Loaʻa iā Nano ZnO ka ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe, nā waiwai antibacterial a me bacteriostatic maikaʻi, a me ka hiki ke omo i ka radiation infrared a me ka pale UV maikaʻi, e kūpono ai no ka hana ʻana i nā mea me nā hana kūikawā. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Awad et al. i ke ʻano nano positron e hoʻokomo i nā mea hoʻopihapiha ZnO i loko o ka polyurethane. Ua ʻike ʻia ke aʻo ʻana he pilina interface ma waena o nā nanoparticles a me ka polyurethane. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike o ka nano ZnO mai 0 a 5% i hoʻonui i ka mahana hoʻololi aniani (Tg) o ka polyurethane, kahi i hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kona kūpaʻa thermal.

Nano Kalipuna Kāponate
ʻO ka pilina ikaika ma waena o ka nano CaCO3 a me ka matrix e hoʻonui nui i ka ikaika tensile o nā mea polyurethane. Ua hoʻololi mua ʻo Gao et al. i ka nano-CaCO3 me ka waikawa oleic, a laila ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka polyurethane/CaCO3 ma o ka polymerization in-situ. Ua hōʻike ka hoʻāʻo Infrared (FT-IR) ua hoʻopuehu like ʻia nā nanoparticles i loko o ka matrix. Wahi a nā hoʻokolohua hana mechanical, ua ʻike ʻia he ʻoi aku ka ikaika tensile o ka polyurethane i hoʻololi ʻia me nā nanoparticles ma mua o ka polyurethane maʻemaʻe.

Graphene
ʻO Graphene (G) kahi ʻano papa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā orbitals hybrid SP2, kahi e hōʻike ana i ka conductivity maikaʻi loa, ka conductivity thermal, a me ke kūpaʻa. Loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī maikaʻi, a maʻalahi hoʻi ke kulou. Ua synthesized ʻo Wu et al. i nā nanocomposites Ag/G/PU, a me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka ʻike Ag/G, ua hoʻomau ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka thermal stability a me ka hydrophobicity o ka mea composite, a ua hoʻonui pū ʻia ka hana antibacterial.

Nā Nanotubes Kalapona
ʻO nā nanotubes kalapona (CNT) he mau nanomaterials tubular hoʻokahi-dimensional i hoʻopili ʻia e nā hexagons, a i kēia manawa kekahi o nā mea me nā ʻano hana like ʻole. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe, conductivity, a me nā waiwai composite polyurethane, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke kūpaʻa thermal, nā waiwai mechanical, a me ka conductivity o ka mea. Ua hoʻolauna ʻo Wu et al. i nā CNT ma o ka polymerization in-situ e kāohi i ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻāpana emulsion, e hiki ai i nā CNT ke hoʻopuehu like ʻia i loko o ka matrix polyurethane. Me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka nui o nā CNT, ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ka ikaika tensile o ka mea composite.

Hāʻawi kā mākou ʻoihana i ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻeʻO ka Silica i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, nā mea anti-hydrolysis (nā mea crosslinking, Carbodiimide), nā mea hoʻopau UV, a pēlā aku, nā mea e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ai i ka hana o ka polyurethane.