"Ukhuseleko olusondeleyo" lwezixhobo ---UV531

 

Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet (UV)—le "mbulali wokukhanya" ongabonakaliyo—ihlala isongela ubomi kunye nokuzinza kwezinto ezahlukeneyo. Njenge "khaka elibonakalayo" kwimisebe ye-UV, izifunxi ze-UV ziye zaba ngabalindi ababalulekileyo kwimizi-mveliso yanamhlanje. Ukuze siqonde iziphumo zazo ezimangalisayo, kufuneka siqale siqonde uhlobo lokwenyani lwalo "mbulali ongabonakaliyo."

Kwiikona ezifihlakeleyo ze-solar spectrum (100-400nm), imisebe ye-ultraviolet ifihla amandla amathathu akhethekileyo ayingozi:

 

Ulwahlulo	Uluhlu lobude bamaza (nm)	Iimbonakalo
I-UV-A	320-400	Ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okunamaza amade kunamandla amakhulu okungena kwaye kungangena emafini nakwiglasi.
UV-B	280-320	Imitha ye-ultraviolet ephakathi ifunxwa kancinci yi-ozone layer kwaye inamandla abuthathaka okungena.
I-UV-C	100-280	Imisebe ye-ultraviolet yamaza amafutshane iphantse yafunxwa ngokupheleleyo ngumaleko we-ozone, kwaye kusekho incinci yayo eseleyo kumphezulu woMhlaba.

 

• Amandla Akhethekileyo e-UV-C: Ephethe imisebe enamandla kakhulu, ngethamsanqa umaleko we-ozone wenza umgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela kuMhlaba, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuba bafikelele emhlabeni.
• I-UV-B Vanguard: Igxile ekujoliseni izinto ezikumphezulu, inokubangela ukusabela kokuqhekeka kwetsheyini yeemolekyuli, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yeyona nto iphambili ekuqhekekeni kweplastiki kunye nokuphela kwepeyinti.
• I-UV -Iarhente Engena Nge-UV: 'Ingumntu ohlala elele' onamandla amakhulu okungena ngaphakathi kwezinto ukuze aqalise inkqubo yokuwohloka kancinci kodwa eqhubekayo. Bejolise kwiimpawu zezi ntshaba kwiiwavelength ezahlukeneyo, abafunxi be-ultraviolet baye baphuhlisa amaqhinga okuzikhusela anobuchule—ngamaqela akhethekileyo asebenzayo kwisakhiwo sabo seemolekyuli, baguqula amandla atshabalalisayo emisebe ye-ultraviolet abe bubushushu obungenabungozi, bebonelela ngempahla yokukhusela ebonakalayo eyenzelwe wena kwizinto ezifana neeplastiki, iingubo, kunye nezinto zokuthambisa.

 

I. Uhlu lweIzifunxi ze-Ultraviolet

Kwishishini lanamhlanje nakubomi bemihla ngemihla, imiphumo yokwaluphala kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV) kwizinto ayinakutyeshelwa. Ukujongana nalo mceli mngeni, izazinzulu ziye zaphuhlisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zee-UV absorbers, ezizizinzisi zokukhanya ezifunxa imisebe ye-ultraviolet evela elangeni nakwimithombo yokukhanya ye-fluorescent ngaphandle kokutshintsha iimpawu zazo. Ngokusekelwe kwizakhiwo zazo zeekhemikhali, ii-UV absorbers zahlulwe ngokubanzi zibe yi-benzotriazoles, i-triazines, kunye ne-benzophenones (ezifana ne-UV531).

Xa kukhethwa izifunxi ze-ultraviolet, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokukodwa i-absorption coefficient yee-resin ezahlukeneyo ukuya kukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ukuze kukhethwe ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okufanelekileyo ukwenza ukhuseleko "olufanelekileyo" lwe-resin.

1. I-PVC: I-coefficient yokufunxa iphantsi kwii-wavelengths ezimfutshane (200-300 nm), kodwa iyanda kakhulu xa i-wavelength isanda, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba i-PVC inovelwano ngakumbi kukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okunamaza amade.

2. PE: I-coefficient ephantsi yokufunxa ibonisa ukuba i-PE inamandla abuthathaka okufunxa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kunye nokumelana okuhle nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.

3. PS: I-coefficient yokufunxa iphakathi, ingakumbi ukufunxa kunamandla kuluhlu lwe-300-400 nm.

4. I-PC: Inomlinganiselo ophezulu wokufunxa, ingakumbi kuluhlu lwe-ultraviolet olude (350-400 nm), apho ibonisa amandla okufunxa aqinileyo.

5. I-PET: Inomlinganiselo ophezulu wokufunxa, ingakumbi kuluhlu lwe-300-400 nm apho ukufunxa kubalulekile khona.

6. I-EPOXY: Ine-coefficient ephezulu yokufunxa, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba i-EPOXY inovelwano kakhulu kukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kwaye ithambekele ekwaluphaleni.

 

II. Intshayelelo kuUV531- Isixhobo sokufunxa i-ultraviolet esisekelwe kwi-benzophenone

Ifomula yolwakhiwo:

Indlela yokusabela: I-UV531 sisifunxi se-ultraviolet esiqhelekileyo esisekelwe kwi-benzophenone. Indlela yokufunxa ye-UV-531 (2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone) isekelwe ikakhulu kwimpendulo yeebhondi ezithile zeekhemikhali kwisakhiwo sayo se-molecular kukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.

Inkqubo ethile yile ilandelayo:

1. Ukubopha i-hydrogen ngaphakathi kwemolekyuli kunye nokwakheka kwendandatho ye-chelate

Amaqela e-carbonyl kunye ne-hydroxyl kwi-molecule ye-UV-531 anokwenza iibhondi ze-hydrogen zangaphakathi kweemolekyuli, zenze i-chelate ring. Olu lwakhiwo luyinika usasazo oluthile lwelifu le-electron, olubonelela ngesiseko sokufunxa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.

2. Ukufunxwa kwamandla e-ultraviolet

Xa imolekyuli ivezwa kukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kobude obuthile, ifunxa amandla ize ingene kwimeko yovuyo. Kule ndawo, ukungcangcazela kobushushu bemolekyuli kuyaqina, okukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kweebhondi zehydrogen zangaphakathi kweemolekyuli kunye nokuvulwa kweeringi ze-chelate.

3. Ukuguqulwa kunye nokukhululwa kwamandla

Inkqubo yokuvula iringi iguqula amandla aphezulu okukhanya kwe-ultraviolet abe bubushushu okanye ezinye iintlobo zamandla aphantsi (ezifana namandla okungcangcazela), ngaloo ndlela ithintela i-polymer ekufunxeni amandla e-ultraviolet nasekubangeleni i-photooxidation. Emva koko, i-molecule ibuyela kwisakhiwo sayo sokuqala kwaye inokufunxa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

4. Uzinzo lwefoto kunye nefuthe lokuhamba ngebhayisikile

I-UV-531 ngokwayo iyakwazi ukufotokopa kwaye ingakwazi ukufunxa nokukhupha amandla e-ultraviolet ngokungenasiphelo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindlela ezisebenzayo, ukusebenza kwayo kunokuwohloka kancinci kancinci ngenxa yokuchatshazelwa ixesha elide kwiindawo ezifana ne-peroxide free radicals. Ke ngoko, idla ngokusetyenziswa kunye nezinye izinto ezigcina ukukhanya (ezifana nezigcina ukukhanya kwe-amine ezithintelweyo) ukuphucula isiphumo sokukhusela.

 

III. Iingenelo ezikhethekileyo ze-UV531 - Umgcini we-Anti-Aging esebenzayo kakhulu

1. Ukufunxwa okusebenzayo kakhulu kwebhendi ye-UV-B: I-UV531 yenzelwe ukufunxwa kwebhendi ye-UV-B (280-320 nm).

Le yeyona band ye-UV iphambili ebangela ukuguga kwezinto kunye nokutsha lilanga. I-UV531 inamandla aphezulu okufunxa kwi-UV-B band, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke ngakumbi kwiimeko ezifuna ukhuseleko oluqinileyo.

2. Ukukhanya okugqwesileyo kunye nokuzinza kobushushu

I-UV531 igcina isakhiwo seekhemikhali esizinzileyo nokuba sichaphazeleka ixesha elide ekukhanyeni nasebushushu obuphezulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba imelane nokubola kwaye iqinisekise ukhuseleko oluhlala ixesha elide.

3. Ukuhambelana okubanzi

I-UV531 ihambelana kakuhle nezinto ezahlukeneyo zepolymer (ezifana ne-polyethylene, i-polypropylene, kunye ne-polyvinyl chloride), okwenza kube lula ukuyicubungula nokuyifaka.

4. Ukhuseleko nokusingqongileyo

I-UV531 iye yavavanywa ngokuqatha kwaye ayinabungozi ebantwini nakwindalo esingqongileyo, ihlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe yokusingqongileyo kwaye ikhuselekile ukusetyenziswa kwiipakethe zokutya kunye nezinto zokuthambisa. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ii-benzotriazoles kunye nee-triazines zinokubangela iingozi ezithile zokusingqongileyo ngenxa yokubakho kwee-halogens okanye ezinye izinto eziyingozi. Umzekelo, izinto ezine ze-phenolic benzotriazole (kuquka i-UV-328, i-UV-327, i-UV-350, kunye ne-UV-320) ziye zacetywa kwimiqathango ye-REACH yi-European Chemicals Agency (ECHA).

 

IV. Iindawo zokusetyenziswa ze-531 - Ukugubungela ngokubanzi izixhobo ezahlukeneyo

I-UV-531, njengesixhobo sokulwa nokwaluphala esisebenza kakuhle nesisebenza kakuhle, ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Nazi iindawo eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwe-UV-531:

1. Ishishini leplastiki