Iinjongo eziphambili zokongeza ii-bactericides kwiimveliso zokuhlamba zimbini: ukukhusela amalaphu kunye nokuthintela umonakalo wolusu obangelwa ziintsholongwane. Okwangoku, ii-bactericides ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiisepha zokuhlamba impahla ziquka ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

1. Iintsholongwane eziqulathe i-chlorine

I-Triclocarban

Ngenxa yokuba ibanzi kwaye isebenza kakuhle kwaye ithintela iintsholongwane zeGram-positive, iintsholongwane zeGram-negative, iifungi, igwele, iintsholongwane, njl.njl., isetyenziswa kakhulu njengesibulali-ntsholongwane kunye nesigcini kwiimveliso zokuhlamba, izinto zokuthambisa, izibulali-ntsholongwane zonyango, izihlambululi-moya, izinto zokugqiba ilaphu kunye nolusu, ii-deodorants kunye nezinye iimveliso. ITriclocarban inesantya esikhawulezayo sokubulala iintsholongwane, ikhuselekile kwaye ayinatyhefu, kwaye ayinyibiliki emanzini. Nje ukuba isetyenziswe eluswini okanye kwilaphu elinemicu, ayihlanjwa lula ngexesha lokuhlamba, ngaloo ndlela ihlala ineziphumo zokubulala iintsholongwane kunye ne-bacteriostatic. Njengesibulali-ntsholongwane se-anionic, itriclocarban ihambelana kakuhle kwaye izinzile kwiisepha, izinzile ekukhanyeni nasekufudumaleni, ayizukubangela ukubola kwemveliso, okanye idale ibala kwiimpahla kunye nolusu. Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba ukongezwa kwetriclocarban akunampembelelo ibalulekileyo kumandla okucoca kunye nokugqwala kweesepha zolwelo, kwaye inozinzo oluhle oluphezulu noluphantsi kubushushu. Ihambelana kakuhle kwaye izinzile ne-alkaline medium esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiziseko zesepha, ngoko ke ifanelekile ngakumbi kwiimveliso zokuhlamba ezifana neesepha, ii-body washes, ii-shampoos, ii-washing powders, ii-washing detergents kunye nee-hand washes.

I-Triclosan

I-Triclosan, enegama lesayensi elithi "2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether" kunye nefomyula yekhemikhali i-C₁₂H₇Cl₃O₂, ikwaziwa ngokuba yi-"triclosan". Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, yi-crystalline powder emhlophe okanye engemhlophe enevumba elincinci le-phenolic. Ayinyibiliki emanzini, inyibilika lula kwizisombululo ze-alkaline kunye nezinyibilikisi ze-organic, inoluhlu olubanzi lokubulala nokuthintela iintsholongwane ze-Gram-positive, iifungi, i-yeast kunye neentsholongwane (ezifana ne-hepatitis A, i-hepatitis B, i-rabies virus, i-HIV). Ayicaphukisi ulusu kwaye isebenza ngokulinganayo kwiintsholongwane ezichasene namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye nezinganyangekiyo.

Njengesibulali-ntsholongwane esibanzi, i-triclosan isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiisepha zonyango/isepha zococeko ezisebenza kakuhle, iiloshini zococeko, izitshizi ze-deodorant/foot ovorant, izitshizi zokuhlamba izandla ezibulala iintsholongwane, izitshizi zokucoca amanxeba, izitshizi zokucoca izixhobo zonyango, izitshizi zokucoca ubuso/iikhrimu, izitshizi zomoya kunye nezitshizi zefriji. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukugqiba amalaphu ococeko kunye nonyango lweplastiki oluchasene nokugqwala. I-triclosan ecocekileyo kakhulu isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiitshizi zamazinyo zonyango kunye nezitshizi zomlomo ekunyangeni i-gingivitis, i-periodontitis kunye nezilonda zomlomo, kunye noxinzelelo olucetyiswayo lokusetyenziswa oluyi-0.05% ukuya kwi-0.3%.

I-Diclosan

Igama layo lekhemikhali yi-4,4′-dichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether, efinyeziweyo njengeI-Diclosan DB-100. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, lulwelo olumthubi okhanyayo. Olunganyibilikiyo emanzini, lunyibilikayo kwi-organic solvents kunye ne-surfactant solutions, lunokudityaniswa ne-anionic, non-ionic, amphoteric kunye ne-cationic surfactants, olunokumelana nobushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-200°C kunye nozinzo oluhle kakhulu kwiindawo ze-alkaline.I-Diclosan DB-100sisibulali-ntsholongwane esikhuselekileyo nesisebenzayo se-broad-spectrum bactericide, esinefuthe elihle lokuthintela zombini iintsholongwane zeGram-positive kunye neGram-negative. Sifanelekile kwiimveliso zokhathalelo lwasekhaya kunye nelaphu, izixhobo zasekhitshini okanye ukucoca umphezulu oqinileyo. Singasetyenziswa kunye ne-active bleach ngexesha lokucoca, kodwa asizinzanga xa sigcinwe ixesha elide kwiinkqubo ezinamandla ze-oxidizing (active bleaching). Isixa esicetyiswayo sokongeza kwiisepha zokuhlamba impahla yi-≤ 0.6%.

Okwangoku, iimveliso ezininzi ezilwa neentsholongwane ezithengiswayo ziqulathe i-triclosan kunye ne-triclocarban. Ezinye izifundo ezicatshulwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) zibonisa ukuba ukuhlala ixesha elide ujongene nezinye izithako ezisebenzayo kwiimveliso ezilwa neentsholongwane, ezifana ne-triclosan kunye ne-triclocarban, kunokuchaphazela ukumelana namayeza okanye amanqanaba e-hormone ebantwini, nto leyo ebeka umngcipheko kwimpilo. Ezi ndaba zibangele isithunzi sengqondo kwindlela abathengi ababona ngayo ukhuseleko lwe-triclosan kunye ne-triclocarban, nto leyo enciphisa ukwamkelwa kwabo kwezi mveliso. Ekubeni i-diclosan ine-atom enye ye-chlorine encinci kune-triclosan, ayicaphukisi kakhulu umzimba womntu kwaye ngoko ke inomdla wokuthatha indawo ye-triclosan.

2. Iintsholongwane zePhenolic

I-Chloroxylenol (PCMX)

Igama layo lekhemikhali yi-4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, efinyeziweyo njenge-PCMX. Sisibulali-ntsholongwane esisebenza kakuhle, esikhuselekileyo nesibanzi. Sinefuthe lokubulala uninzi lweebhaktheriya ezine-Gram-positive, ezimbi, iifungi kunye ne-molds, asicaphukisi, kwaye sisibulali-ntsholongwane esincinci. Singasetyenziswa kakhulu njengesixhobo sokubola kunye ne-antibacterial kwimveliso yokubulala iintsholongwane okanye yokhathalelo lomntu, njengeeshampu zokulwa ne-dandruff, ii-hand washes, iisepha kunye nezinye izicoci ze-antibacterial. Ivunyiwe yi-US FDA, i-PCMX yeyona arhente ikhethwayo ye-bactericidal enoxinzelelo oluncinci lwe-0.5%, kwaye inokuxutywa ngamanzi ngomlinganiselo we-1:120 xa isetyenziswa. I-Chloroxylenol ayihambelani ne-surfactants ezingezizo i-ionic kunye ne-methylcellulose. Okwangoku, izicoci zentsholongwane ezininzi okanye izicoci zempahla ezilwa ne-antibacterial ezikwimarike zongeze le bactericide.

I-2,4-Dichloro-3,5-dimethylphenol (DCMX)

I-DCMX sisithambisi esimhlophe-ongwevu okanye esimthubi okhanyayo okanye esikristale esinevumba elikhethekileyo, indawo yokunyibilika engama-92-95°C, kunzima ukuyinyibilikisa emanzini, kwaye inyibilika lula kwii-alcohols ezifana ne-ethanol, i-isopropanol, i-glycerol kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi zendalo. Sisithambisi esisebenza kakuhle, esibanzi kwaye sinamandla okulwa neentsholongwane. Le mveliso inefuthe elinamandla lokubulala nokuthintela kwiintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-10 zeentsholongwane ezibangela izifo, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zokubulala iintsholongwane okanye ezikhethekileyo, kunye nokuthintela ukubola kwishishini lesikhumba.

Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-ntsholongwane ze-phenolic, izinto zazo ezibulala iintsholongwane azinyibiliki emanzini, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukwenza i-phenol ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. I-Phenol yinto eyaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela ebangela umhlaza, ebangela ungcoliseko olukhulu lokusingqongileyo kwaye ibeka iingozi ezithile xa isetyenziswa.

3. Abanye

I-2-Phenoxyethanol (EPH/EP)

I-2-Phenoxyethanol, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-ethylene glycol monophenyl ether okanye i-phenoxyethanol, sisixhobo esidumileyo sokubulala iintsholongwane kwihlabathi liphela. Sineempawu zokusebenza kakuhle, ukhuseleko, ubuthi obuphantsi, ukungacaphukisi kwaye akukho ngcoliseko, kwaye singasetyenziselwa ukulwa nokugqwala kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kumayeza, izinto zokuthambisa, iimveliso zokuhlamba iimpahla zasekhaya, kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokugcinwa kwee-wipes ezimanzi kunye nezinto zokuthambisa. I-2-Phenoxyethanol inembali ende yokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi nangokufanelekileyo, ikhuselekile kwaye ayicaphukisi umzimba womntu, inokulawula ngempumelelo iintsholongwane, igwele kunye nokubola, kwaye inemiphumo ebonakalayo yokusebenzisana xa isetyenziswa nezinye izithako ezisebenzayo zokubulala iintsholongwane. Njengesixhobo sokubulala iintsholongwane esingeyiyo ionic, i-EPH inokuhambelana okuhle nokuzinza kwiifomyula, kwaye ingasetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwe-pH (pH 2-12). Ikwanokuhambelana okuhle nokuzinza kwindawo ye-alkaline esetyenziswa rhoqo kwiziseko zesepha, kwaye isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokubulala iintsholongwane esiqhelekileyo nesisebenza kakhulu kunye ne-deodorant kumazwe aseYurophu naseMelika.

Ukuba unemfuneko yokuhlamba iintsholongwane, zive ukhululekileQhagamshelana nathinangaliphi ixesha.