Ukuveliswa kwetshaja ye-electrostatic

Amandla ento eqinileyo okuthwala itshaja axhomekeke kwiimeko zomphezulu, i-dielectric constant, i-surface resistivity, kunye nokufuma okunxulumene nendawo engqongileyo. Amandla ayo okuthwala itshaja ahambelana ngokuphambeneyo ne-dielectric constant yayo kunye nokufuma okunxulumeneyo, kwaye ahambelana ngokuthe ngqo ne-surface resistivity yayo. Uphawu lwetshaja luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisixhobo; izixhobo ezine-dielectric constants ezisezantsi zitshaja kakuhle.

Iimpawu zokwambathisa zinxulumene nokwakheka kombane ongashukumiyo. Ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali lweeplastiki ezininzi lubonisa ukuba zizithinteli zombane ezibalaseleyo, nto leyo ezenza zibe zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo kwizixhobo ezisebenzisa amaza aphezulu njenge-radar. Ngenxa yokuba uninzi lweeplastiki zinomoya ophantsi wokuhambisa umbane, azikwazi ukukhupha ngokukhawuleza itshaja yombane, umahluko phakathi kweeplastiki neesinyithi.

Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kweemveliso zeplastiki, umbane ongashukumiyo unokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo kwaye ukhokelele kwimiphumo emibi, neyingozi. Ezona ngozi zixhaphakileyo ziquka: ukuqokelelana okukhulu kokungcola kwiindawo zeplastiki; umbane ongashukumiyo otsala uthuli oluchaphazela umgangatho wesandi serekhodi; umbane ongashukumiyo obangela imvakalelo engathandekiyo "yokutshayiswa kombane" kubantu abasebenzisa iikhaphethi zefayibha zokwenziwa okanye umgangatho weplastiki; ukunamathela okungashukumiyo phakathi kweefilimu zeplastiki kunye namaphepha, okuphazamisa imveliso eqhelekileyo; kunye nomgubo oqinileyo ohlangana kunye ngexesha lokuthuthwa komoya. Iintlantsi zokukhupha eziveliswa kukuqokelelana okukhulu kwetshaja engashukumiyo zinokude zivuthele imixube yomoya kunye nothuli okanye izinyibilikisi zendalo, zibe yimbangela yokuqhuma okuninzi okutshabalalisayo.

Amanyathelo okunciphisa itshaja ye-electrostatic

(1) Ukwanda komswakama ohambelanayo: Njengoko umswakama ongqongileyo weemveliso ezibunjiweyo usanda, ukuhanjiswa kombane kumphezulu wazo kuyanda, ngaloo ndlela kukhawuleziswa ukusasazwa kwetshaja. Umzekelo, xa umswakama ohambelanayo we-polyamide efunxa amanzi ungaphezulu kwe-65%, akukho mbane ungashukumiyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, xa umswakama ohambelanayo ungaphantsi kakhulu kwe-20%, iingxaki zokulinganisela itshaja yomphezulu azinakuphepheka. Kule meko, indlela ekuphela kwayo esebenzayo yokuthintela umbane ongashukumiyo kukongeza i-matrix eqhubayo ukunciphisa ukuqina komthamo.

(2) Ukwandisa ukuhanjiswa komoya:ngokusebenzisa i-ionizer esebenza ngokomgaqo wombane okanye i-radioactivity ukwandisa ukuhanjiswa komoya, ukuze umbane ukwazi ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza emoyeni ongqongileyo.

(3) Ukwandisa ukuhanjiswa komoya kumphezulu ngokongeza izongezo zeekhemikhali (ii-antistatic agents) kwiplastiki okanye ukuzisebenzisa kumphezulu ukwandisa ukuhanjiswa komoya kumphezulu, ngaloo ndlela kucinywe umrhumo omileyo.

 Ulwakhiwo lweeKhemikhali zee-Antistatic Agents

Ii-antistatic agents zizinto ezongezwayo ezifakwa kwiikhompawundi zokubumba okanye ezisetyenziswa kumphezulu weemveliso ezibunjiweyo ukunciphisa ukwakheka kombane ongashukumiyo. Ngokubanzi, ngokusekwe kwindlela yokusetyenziswa, ii-antistatic agents zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili: ukusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle.

2.Iiarhente zokungashukumi kwangaphakathi

Ii-antistatic agents ezongezwe ngaphakathi zongezwa kwiipolymers njenge-surfactants ngaphambi okanye ngexesha lokubumba. Zonke zineempawu ezisebenzayo kumphezulu kwaye zinokufuduka kwaye zihlangane kumphezulu weendawo ezibunjiweyo. Ezi zongezo ziqulathe amaqela athanda amanzi kunye nathanda amanzi kwiimolekyuli zazo. Amaqela athanda amanzi anokuhambelana okuthile nepolymer kwaye anokubangela ukuba iimolekyuli zayo zinamathele kumphezulu wemveliso, ngelixa amaqela athanda amanzi asebenza ngokubopha nokutshintshana neemolekyuli zamanzi kumphezulu wemveliso. Uninzi lwee-antistatic agents ezineempawu ezisebenzayo kumphezulu zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ze-cationic, anionic, kunye ne-nonionic.

1.Iiarhente zeCationic Antistatic:Kolu hlobo lwe-antistatic agent, inxalenye esebenzayo yemolekyuli idla ngokuba neqela elikhulu le-cationic kwaye idla ngokuba neqela elide le-alkyl, njenge-quaternary ammonium salts, i-quaternary sulfonium salts, okanye i-quaternary sulfonium salts. Ii-anions zihlala zenziwa ngexesha le-quaternization reactions, njenge-chloride, i-methyl sulfates, kunye ne-nitrates. Ii-quaternary ammonium salt antistatic agents zilawula olu didi lweemveliso zorhwebo. Ii-cationic antistatic agents zisebenza kakhulu kwi-polar matrices (ezifana ne-PVC kunye ne-styrene polymers). Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwazo kulinganiselwe kancinci ngenxa yemiphumo yazo emibi kuzinzo lobushushu lwee-polymers ezithile.

2. Ii-Anionic Antistatic Agents: Kolu hlobo lwe-antistatic agent, inxalenye esebenzayo ye-molecule yi-anionic. Ii-alkyl sulfonates, ii-sulfates, ii-phosphates, ii-dithiocarbamates, okanye ii-carboxylates zihlala zithwala inani elikhulu lee-anions, ngelixa ii-cations zihlala ziyi-alkali metal ions, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ziyi-alkaline earth metal ions. Umzekelo, i-sodium alkyl sulfonate isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino kuba ifumana iziphumo ezanelisayo ze-antistatic kwi-polyvinyl chloride kunye nee-polystyrene polymers, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwi-polyolefins kunemida ethile.

3. Iiarhente ezingezona ze-ionic antistatic: Ezi arhente ezichasene ne-static zineqela le-molecular elisebenza kumphezulu elingatshajwanga kwaye line-polarity ephantsi kakhulu (ikakhulu ii-ester ze-polyethylene glycol okanye ii-ether, ii-ester ze-fatty acid okanye ii-ethanolamines, ii-mono- okanye ii-diglycerides, kunye nee-ethoxylated fatty amines). Zithengiswa kakhulu njengee-liquids okanye ii-waxes ezithambileyo.

I-polarity ephantsi yezi zongezo izenza zibe zii-arhente ezifanelekileyo zangaphakathi ze-antistatic kwi-polyethylene kunye ne-polypropylene, kwaye zikwabonisa ukuhambelana okuphezulu. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-polyethylene kunye ne-polypropylene zine-densities ezahlukeneyo, i-crystallinity, kunye ne-microscopic molecular structures. Ke ngoko, ukuze kufunyanwe isakhiwo se-molecular esifanelekileyo kwi-arhente nganye ye-antistatic, ubude be-alkyl chain kunye nenani lamaqela e-hydroxyl okanye ether kwi-compound kufuneka zilungiswe. Kuphela ngale ndlela apho isiphumo sesicelo esifunekayo sinokuqinisekiswa ngokufanelekileyo. Umzekelo, ii-arhente ze-antistatic eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwi-polypropylene azisebenzi kakuhle xa zifakwa kwi-polyethylene enoxinano oluphantsi, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo.

 I-arhente yokulwa ne-antistatic yohlobo lwangaphandle lwe-coating

Ii-antistatic agents zangaphandle zifakwa kumphezulu weendawo ezibunjiweyo ngendlela yesisombululo samanzi okanye esinxilisayo. Ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, iimfuno zesakhiwo ezikhankanyiweyo kwii-antistatic agents zangaphakathi azibalulekanga kangako. Zonke ii-compounds ezisebenzayo kumphezulu, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezingasebenzi kumphezulu (ezifana ne-glycerin, i-polyols, kunye ne-polyethylene glycol), zineempawu ze-antistatic ukuya kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo, kwaye ukusebenza kwezi compounds akuchaphazeleki kukuhambelana kwazo ne-polymer okanye ukufuduka kwazo ngaphakathi kwi-polymer.