I. Melao le Litlhaloso

Khanya ea letsatsi e na le khanya e ngata ea ultraviolet (UV), e nang le maqhubu a bolelele ba hoo e ka bang 290-460 nm, e leng kotsi ho lintho tse mebala. Khanya ena e kotsi ea UV e etsa hore limolek'hule tsa mebala li bole le ho fela ka lebaka la karabelo ea redox ea lik'hemik'hale. Ho sebelisa li-UV absorbers ho ka thibela kapa ho fokotsa liphello tse senyang tsa mahlaseli a UV linthong tse sirelelitsoeng ka katleho.

Motsoako oa UV ke sesebelisoa sa ho tsitsisa khanya se monyang karolo ea UV ea khanya ea letsatsi le mehloli ea khanya ea fluorescent ntle le ho fetoha ka bohona. Tlas'a khanya ea letsatsi le khanya ea fluorescent, polasetiki le li-polymer tse ling li etsa liketso tsa auto-oxidation ka lebaka la ketso ea mahlaseli a UV, e leng se lebisang ho senyeha le ho senyeha ha polymer, e leng se fellang ka ponahalo e mpe le thepa ea mechini. Ho eketsa li-UV absorbers ho monya mahlaseli ana a UV a nang le matla a mangata ka khetho, ho a fetola matla a se nang kotsi a lokolloang kapa a jeoang. Kaha li-polymers tse fapaneng li na le maqhubu a fapaneng a UV a bakang ho senyeha, li-UV absorbers tse fapaneng li monya maqhubu a fapaneng a mahlaseli a UV. Ka hona, motsoako o loketseng oa UV o lokela ho khethoa ho latela mofuta oa polymer o sebelisitsoeng.

II. Tlhophiso le Mesebetsi ea Li-Ultraviolet Absorbers

Li-absorber tsa ultraviolet li lokela ho fihlela maemo a latelang:

① E ka monya mahlaseli a ultraviolet ka matla (haholo-holo mahlaseli a ultraviolet a nang le maqhubu a 290 ~ 400nm); ② E na le botsitso bo botle ba mocheso mme e ke ke ea fetoha ka lebaka la mocheso esita le nakong ea ts'ebetso, ka ho feto-fetoha ho tlase ha mocheso; ③ E na le botsitso bo botle ba lik'hemik'hale 'me e ke ke ea arabela hampe ka likarolo tsa thepa sehlahisoa; ④ E na le ho kopana ho hotle 'me e ka hasana ka ho lekana ka har'a thepa ntle le ho thunya kapa ho dutla; ⑤ Mokelikeli ka boeona o na le botsitso bo botle ba photochemical, ha o bole, 'me ha o fetole 'mala; ⑥ Ha e na 'mala, ha e na chefo, ebile ha e na monko; ⑦ E ka hlatsuoa; ⑧ Ha e theko e tlaase ebile e fumaneha habonolo.

Di-absorber tsa Benzotriazole UV hajoale ke mofuta o sebelisoang haholo Chaena, empa di-absorber tsa triazine UV li bontša ts'ebetso e betere haholo ho feta benzotriazoles. Di-absorber tsa Triazine li na le thepa e ntle ea ho monya UV, hammoho le melemo e meng, e leng se etsang hore li sebelisoe haholo ho li-polymer. Li bontša botsitso bo botle ba mocheso, botsitso bo botle ba ts'ebetso, le ho hanyetsa asiti. Litšebelisong tse sebetsang, li-absorber tsa triazine UV li bontša phello e matla ea tšebelisano-'moho le li-stabilizer tsa leseli la amine tse sitisitsoeng; ha li sebelisoa hammoho, li hlahisa liphetho tse betere ho feta ha li sebelisoa ka bonngoe.

III. Li-absorber tse 'maloa tse tloaelehileng tsa ultraviolet

(1) Lihlahisoa tsa karabelo ea o-nitroaniline le p-cresol

E hlaha e le likristale tse se nang 'mala kapa tse mosehla o bobebe. E qhibiliha ka har'a metsoako e mengata ea lintho tse phelang joalo ka peterole, benzene le acetone. E na le ho qhibiliha ho fokolang haholo metsing 'me ha e bole ka li-alkali kapa li-acid tse kopaneng. E ka arabela le li-ion tsa tšepe e boima ho etsa letsoai. E ka monya leseli la ultraviolet ka maqhubu a 270-280 nm. Sebaka sa eona sa ho qhibiliha ke 130-131℃.

E sebelisoa haholo-holo ka har'a li-resin tse kang polyester, polyester e nang le chlorine, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, plexiglass, le polyacrylonitrile. E bontša botsitso bo betere lihlahisoa tse bonaletsang ho feta lihlahisoa tse mebala. Tekanyo ea lihlahisoa tse felileng ke ≤0.5%.

(2) 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (UV-9)

Phofo e bosweu bo bosehla bo bosehla kapa bo bosweu bo bosweu. Botenya 1.324 g/cm³. Ntlha ya ho qhibilihisa 62-66℃. Ntlha ya ho bela 150-160℃ (0.67 kPa), 220℃ (2.4 kPa). E qhibilihang dihlahisweng tse ngata tsa tlhaho tse kang acetone, di-ketone, benzene, methanol, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, le ethanol; ha e qhibilihe ka metsing. Ho qhibiliha (g/100g, 25℃) dihlahisweng tse ding ke ka tsela e latelang: benzene 56.2, n-hexane 4.3, ethanol (95%) 5.8, carbon tetrachloride 34.5, styrene 51.2, DOP 18.7.

Jwalo ka monya UV, e loketse dipolasetiki tse fapaneng tse kang polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyester e sa tlalang, resin ya ABS, le resin ya cellulose. Bophahamo bo boholo ba maqhubu a monyang ke 280 ~ 340nm, mme tekanyo e tlwaelehileng ke 0.1% ~ 1.5%. E na le botsitso bo botle ba mocheso mme ha e bole ka 200℃. Sehlahiswa sena ha se monye lesedi le bonahalang, e leng se etsang hore se lokele dihlahiswa tse mmala o bobebe, tse bonaletsang. E ka boela ya sebediswa penteng le rabara ya maiketsetso.

(3) 2-Hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone (UV-531)

Phofo e bosweu bo bosehla bo bosootho kapa e bosweu bo bosweu. Botenya 1.160 g/cm³ (25℃). Boemo ba ho qhibiliha 48~49℃. E qhibiliha ka har'a acetone, benzene, ethanol, le isopropanol; e qhibiliha hanyane ka har'a dichloroethane; ha e qhibilihe ka metsing. Ho qhibiliha (g/100g, 25℃) ka har'a li-solvents tse ling ke: acetone 74, benzene 72, methanol 2, ethanol (95%) 2.6, n-heptane 40, n-hexane 40.1, metsi 0.5.

Jwalo ka monya wa UV, e monya mabone a ultraviolet ka matla ka maqhubu a 270-330 nm. E ka sebediswa dipolasetiking tse fapaneng, haholo-holo polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, ABS resin, polycarbonate, le polyvinyl chloride. E tsamaisana hantle le di-resin le ho feto-fetoha ho tlase. Tekanyo e tlwaelehileng ke 0.1% ho isa ho 1%. E na le phello e ntle ya tshebedisano ha e sebediswa ka bongata bo bonyenyane ba 4,4-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-p-cresol). Sehlahiswa sena se ka boela sa sebediswa e le setsibi sa mabone diphareng tse fapaneng.

(4) 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′,5′-di-tert-phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole (UV-327) ke monya-UV o nang le thepa e ts'oanang le ts'ebeliso ea benzotriazole UV-326. E monya khanya ea ultraviolet ka matla ka maqhubu a 270 ~ 380nm, e na le botsitso bo botle ba lik'hemik'hale, le ho feto-fetoha ho tlase haholo. E na le tšebelisano e ntle le polyolefins. E loketse haholo polyethylene le polypropylene. Ho phaella moo, e ka boela ea sebelisoa ho polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyoxymethylene, polyurethane, polyurethane e sa tlatsoang, resin ea ABS, resin ea epoxy, resin ea cellulose, jj. Sehlahisoa sena se na le khanyetso e ntle ea sublimation ea mocheso, ho hlatsuoa habonolo, khanyetso ea ho fela ha khase, le ho bolokoa ha thepa ea mechini. E na le phello e kholo ea tšebelisano ha e sebelisoa le li-antioxidants. E sebelisoa ho ntlafatsa botsitso ba thermo-oxidative ba lihlahisoa.

(5) Resorcinol monobenzoate ke phofo e tšoeu e kristale. Boemo ba ho qhibiliha 132 ~ 135℃. Boima ba bongata 0.68 g/cm³ (20%). E qhibiliha ka har'a acetone le ethanol, e qhibiliha hanyane ka har'a benzene, metsi, n-heptane, jj. Jwalo ka stabilizer ea leseli la UV, ts'ebetso ea eona e ts'oana le ea stabilizer ea leseli e thehiloeng ho benzophenone. E sebelisoa haholo-holo ka har'a polyvinyl chloride, resin ea cellulose, le polystyrene, hangata ka tekanyo ea 1% ho isa ho 2%.