"Dziviriro yepedyo" yezvinhu izvi ---UV531

 

Mwaranzi yeUltraviolet (UV)—"muurayi wechiedza" uyu asingaoneki—inogara ichityisidzira hupenyu hwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kugadzikana. Se "chidziviriro chemaziso" kubva kumwaranzi yeUV, zvinonyudza UV zvave varindi vanokosha veindasitiri yemazuva ano. Kuti tinzwisise mhedzisiro yazvo inoshamisa, tinofanira kutanga taziva hunhu hwechokwadi hwe "muurayi uyu asingaoneki."

Mumakona akavanzika e solar spectrum (100-400nm), mwaranzi ye ultraviolet yakavanda masimba matatu akakosha ane njodzi:

 

Kupatsanura	Rurefu rwemafungu (nm)	Zvinhu zvirimo
UV-A	320-400	Mwenje we ultraviolet une mafungu marefu une simba guru rekupinda uye unogona kupinda mumakore nemagirazi.
UV-B	280-320	Mwaranzi ye ultraviolet yepakati-mafungu inotorwa zvishoma ne ozone layer uye ine simba risina simba rekupinda.
UV-C	100-280	Mwaranzi ye ultraviolet yemafungu mapfupi inenge yatorwa zvachose ne ozone layer, uye shoma yayo inosara pamusoro peNyika.

 

• Masimba Akakosha eUV-C: Anotakura mwaranzi ine simba guru inouraya zvikuru, nerombo rakanaka ozone layer ndiyo nzira yekutanga yekudzivirira Pasi, zvichiita kuti zvisanyanya kuoma kusvika pasi.
• UV-B Vanguard: Inonyanya kunanga pamusoro pezvinhu, inogona kukonzera kutyoka kwemamorekuru, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chikuru chinokonzera kupwanyika kwepurasitiki uye kupera kwependi.
• UV - Chinhu Chinopinda Mukati: 'Chinovanda' chine simba guru rinopinda, chinokwanisa kupinda mukati mezvinhu kuti chitange kudonha zvishoma nezvishoma asi nguva dzose. Zvichitarisa hunhu hwevavengi ava mumarefu akasiyana-siyana, zvinotora ultraviolet zvakagadzira nzira dzekudzivirira dzakangwara—kuburikidza nemapoka akakosha anoshanda muchimiro chavo chemamorekuru, zvinoshandura simba rinoparadza remwaranzi yeultraviolet kuita kupisa kusingakuvadzi, zvichipa zvipfeko zvekudzivirira zvakagadzirwa zvakanangana nezvinhu zvakaita sepurasitiki, machira, uye zvizoro.

 

I. Kupatsanurwa kweZvinwiwa zveUltraviolet

Muindasitiri yemazuva ano uye muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, mhedzisiro yekukwegura kwemwaranzi ye ultraviolet (UV) pazvinhu hazvigone kufuratirwa. Kuti vagadzirise dambudziko iri, masayendisiti akagadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzeUV absorbers, idzo dzinochengetedza chiedza dzinotora mwaranzi ye ultraviolet kubva kuzuva uye manyuko echiedza che fluorescent pasina kuchinja hunhu hwadzo. Zvichienderana nemaumbirwo adzo emakemikari, UV absorbers dzinonyanya kuiswa muzvikamu zve benzotriazoles, triazines, uye benzophenones (sengeUV531).

Pakusarudza ma "ultraviolet absorbers", kutarisisa kwakakosha kunofanirwa kupihwa kune "absorbing coefficient" yema "resin" akasiyana ne "ultraviolet light" kuitira kusarudza "ultraviolet light" yakakodzera kuti igadzire dziviriro "yakanyanya kukodzera" ye "resin".

1. PVC: Kukwanisa kunyudzwa kwemvura kwakaderera pahurefu hwemafungu mapfupi (200-300 nm), asi kunowedzera zvakanyanya kana hurefu hwemafungu huchiwedzera, zvichiratidza kuti PVC inonyanya kubatwa nechiedza che ultraviolet chine mafungu marefu.

2. PE: Kuwanda kwemvura inonyudzwa kunoratidza kuti PE ine simba shoma rekunyudzwa kwechiedza che ultraviolet uye inodzivirira zvakanaka chiedza che ultraviolet.

3. PS: Kukwanisa kunyudzwa kwemvura kuri pakati nepakati, kunyanya kunyudzwa kwacho kwakasimba muhuwandu hwe300-400 nm.

4. PC: Ine mwero wepamusoro wekunyudzwa kwemvura, kunyanya murefu-wave ultraviolet range (350-400 nm), uko inoratidza kugona kwayo kunyudzwa kwakasimba.

5. PET: Ine mwero wepamusoro wekunyudzwa kwemvura, kunyanya munzvimbo ye300-400 nm uko kunyudzwa kwemvura kwakakosha.

6. EPOXY: Ine mwero wepamusoro wekunyudzwa kwemvura, zvichiratidza kuti EPOXY inonzwa zvakanyanya kuvhenekwa nechiedza che ultraviolet uye inokurumidza kukwegura.

 

II. Nhanganyaya kuUV531- Chinhu chinonyungudutsa ultraviolet chakagadzirwa nebenzophenone

Fomura yekuvaka:

Maitiro ekuita: UV531 chinhu chinowanzo shandiswa nebenzophenone-based ultraviolet absorber. Maitiro ekubata UV-531 (2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone) anonyanya kuenderana nemhinduro yemakemikoro chaiwo muchimiro chayo chemorekuru kuchiedza cheultraviolet.

Maitiro acho ndeekuti:

1. Kubatana kwehydrogen mukati memasero uye kuumbwa kwemhete yechelate

Mapoka ecarbonyl nehydroxyl ari muUV-531 molecule anogona kuumba hydrogen bonds mukati memamorekuru, zvichigadzira chelate ring. Chimiro ichi chinoipa kugoverwa kwakanangana negore remaerekitironi, zvichipa hwaro hwekutora chiedza cheultraviolet.

2. Kunyudzwa kwesimba re ultraviolet

Kana molekyuru ikasangana nechiedza cheultraviolet chewavelength chaiyo, inotora simba uye inopinda mumamiriro ekufara. Panguva iyi, kutenderera kwekupisa kwemamorekuru kunowedzera, zvichikonzera kutyoka kwehydrogen bonds yemukati memorekuru uye kuvhurwa kwechelate rings.

3. Kushandurwa uye Kusunungurwa kweSimba

Maitiro ekuvhura rin'i anoshandura simba rakawanda rechiedza cheultraviolet kuita kupisa kana mamwe marudzi ane simba shoma (senge simba rekudengenyeka), nokudaro zvichidzivirira polymer kuti isatore simba reultraviolet uye kukonzera photooxidation. Zvadaro, molekyuri inodzokera pachimiro chayo chekutanga uye inogona kutora chiedza cheultraviolet kakawanda.

4. Kugadzikana kwePhotost uye Mhedzisiro yeCycling

UV-531 pachayo ine simba rekutora mifananidzo rakakwira uye inogona kupinza nekuburitsa simba re ultraviolet nekusingaperi. Zvisinei, mukushandiswa kwayo, kushanda kwayo kunogona kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma nekuda kwekugara kwenguva refu munzvimbo dzakadai se peroxide free radicals. Nokudaro, inowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinodzivirira chiedza (zvakaita sezvinodzivirira chiedza cheamine) kuti iwedzere kudzivirira.

 

III. Mabhenefiti Akasarudzika eUV531 - Muchengeti weAnoshanda Zvikuru Pakurwisa Kukwegura

1. Kupinza UV-B band zvinobudirira zvikuru: UV531 yakagadzirirwa kupinza UV-B band (280-320 nm).

Iri ndiro bhendi guru reUV rinokonzera kukwegura kwezvinhu uye kupiswa nezuva. UV531 ine simba rakawanda rekunyudza mubhendi reUV-B, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera mamiriro ezvinhu anoda dziviriro yakasimba.

2. Chiedza chakanaka uye kugadzikana kwekupisa

UV531 inochengetedza chimiro chemakemikari chakasimba kunyangwe kana ikasangana nechiedza kwenguva refu uye tembiricha yakakwira, zvichiita kuti isaora uye ive nechokwadi chekudzivirirwa kwenguva refu.

3. Kuenderana kwakakura

UV531 inoenderana zvakanaka nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvepolymer (senge polyethylene, polypropylene, uye polyvinyl chloride), zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kugadzirisa nekushandisa.

4. Kudzivirirwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedzeka

UV531 yakaedzwa zvine chepfu zvakanyanya uye haina njodzi kuvanhu nenharaunda, inosangana nezvinodiwa zvepasi rose zvezvakatipoteredza uye yakachengeteka kushandiswa mumapakeji ezvekudya uye muzvizoro. Kusiyana neizvi, benzotriazoles ne triazines zvinogona kukonzera njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza nekuda kwekuvapo kwema halogens kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Semuenzaniso, zvinhu zvina zve phenolic benzotriazole (kusanganisira UV-328, UV-327, UV-350, uye UV-320) zvakakurudzirwa kumiganhu yeREACH neEuropean Chemicals Agency (ECHA).

 

IV. Nzvimbo dzekushandisa dze531 - Kufukidzwa Kwakakura Kwezvinhu Zvakasiyana-siyana

UV-531, semushonga unoshanda zvakanyanya uye unoshanda zvikuru wekudzivirira kukwegura, ine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana. Aya ndiwo mashandisirwo makuru eUV-531:

1. Indasitiri yepurasitiki