Chinangwa chikuru chekuwedzera mishonga inouraya utachiona muzvishandiso zvekuwacha chine zvinhu zviviri: kuchengetedza machira uye kudzivirira kukuvara kweganda kunokonzerwa nehutachiona. Parizvino, mishonga inouraya utachiona inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvishandiso zvekuwacha inosanganisira zvinotevera:

1. Mishonga Inouraya Mabhakitiriya Ine Chlorine

Triclocarban

Nekuda kwekuuraya kwayo kwakafara uye kushanda kwayo nesimba uye kudzivirira mhedzisiro paGram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, mbiriso, mavhairasi, nezvimwewo, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya semushonga webhakitiriya uye kuchengetedza muzvishandiso zvekuwacha, zvizoro, mishonga yekuuraya utachiona, mhepo inotonhorera, machira ekugadzirisa dehwe, deodorants nezvimwe zvigadzirwa. Triclocarban inokurumidza kuuraya bhakitiriya, yakachengeteka uye haina chepfu, uye hainyungudike mumvura. Kana yaiswa paganda kana micheka ine fibrous, haisuki nyore nyore panguva yekusuka, nokudaro inoramba ichishandisa mhedzisiro yebhakitiriya uye bacteriostatic. Semushonga webhakitiriya weanionic, triclocarban inoenderana zvakanaka uye yakasimba musipo, inogara yakagadzikana kuchiedza nekupisa, haizokonzere kushanduka kweruvara rwechigadzirwa, kana kukonzera kusviba kwembatya neganda. Miedzo yakaratidza kuti kuwedzerwa kwetriclocarban hakuna kukanganisa kwakakosha pakusvibisa uye simba refuro resipo yemvura, uye ine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekupisa kwakanyanya uye kwakaderera. Inoenderana zvakanaka uye yakasimba nechinhu chinoshandiswa mu sipo, saka inonyanya kukodzera zvinhu zvekugezesa zvakaita sesipo, machira ekugeza muviri, mashampoo, hupfu hwekugezesa, sipo dzekugezesa uye machira ekugeza nemaoko.

Triclosan

Triclosan, ine zita resainzi rekuti "2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether" uye fomura yemakemikari C₁₂H₇Cl₃O₂, inozivikanwawo se "triclosan". Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, ipfu yekristalline chena kana isina kuchena ine hwema hushoma hwe phenolic. Hainyungudike mumvura, inonyungudika nyore nyore mu alkaline solutions uye organic solvents, ine mhando dzakasiyana dzekuuraya nekudzivirira mhedzisiro pabhakitiriya ine Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, mbiriso nemavhairasi (akadai sehepatitis A, hepatitis B, rabies virus, HIV). Haitsamwisi ganda uye inoshanda zvakaenzana pakurwisa mabhakitiriya asingaurayiwi nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye asingaurayiwi nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.

Semushonga unouraya utachiona une hutachiona hwakawanda, triclosan inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu sipo dzemishonga dzinoshanda zvakanaka/sipo dzehutsanana, mafuta ekuchenesa, ma deodorant/smell sprays, ma washes ekuchenesa maoko, ma wound disinfecting sprays, ma disinfectants emidziyo yekurapa, ma facial cleanser/creams, air fresheners uye ma refrigerant deodorants. Inoshandiswawo pakupedzisa machira ekuchenesa uye kurapa mapurasitiki anodzivirira ngura. Triclosan inonyanya kuchena inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa mazino ne mouthwash pakurapa gingivitis, periodontitis uye maronda emuromo, ne 0.05% kusvika 0.3%.

Diclosan

Zita rayo remakemikari i4,4′-dichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether, rakapfupikiswa seDiclosan DB-100. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, imvura yero yakachenuruka. Isina kunyungudika mumvura, inonyungudika muzvinhu zvinonyungudika zve organic uye mhinduro dze surfactant, inogona kusanganiswa ne anionic, non-ionic, amphoteric uye cationic surfactants, ine kudzivirira kupisa kusvika 200°C uye kugadzikana kwakanaka munzvimbo dzine alkaline.Diclosan DB-100mushonga unouraya mabhakitiriya ane spectrum yakakura uye wakachengeteka, une simba rakanaka rekudzivirira mabhakitiriya eGram-positive neGram-negative. Wakakodzera kushandiswa muzvinhu zvekuchengetedza machira, midziyo yekicheni kana kuchenesa nzvimbo dzakaoma. Unogona kushandiswa pamwe chete ne active bleach panguva yekuchenesa, asi hauna kugadzikana kana ukachengetwa kwenguva yakareba mu active bleaching systems. Huwandu hunokurudzirwa hwekuwedzera mu sipo dzekuwachira i ≤ 0.6%.

Parizvino, zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvinorwisa mabhakitiriya zviri pamusika zvine triclosan netriclocarban. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakataurwa neUS Food and Drug Administration (FDA) zvinoratidza kuti kugara kwenguva refu uchishandisa zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshanda muzvigadzirwa zvinorwisa mabhakitiriya, zvakaita setriclosan netriclocarban, kunogona kukanganisa kusakwanisa kushandisa mishonga yevanhu kana huwandu hwemahormone, zvichikonzera njodzi kuhutano. Nhau idzi dzakakanganisa mafungiro evatengi nezvekuchengetedzeka kwetriclosan netriclocarban, zvichideredza kugamuchirwa kwavo kwezvigadzirwa zvakadaro. Sezvo diclosan iine atomu imwe chete yechlorine pane triclosan, hainyanyi kutsamwisa muviri wemunhu uye nekudaro ine katsika kekutsiva triclosan.

2. Mishonga yekuuraya utachiona yePhenolic

Chloroxylenol (PCMX)

Zita rayo remakemikari ndi4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, rakapfupikiswa sePCMX. Imishonga inouraya utachiona inoshanda zvakanyanya, yakachengeteka uye ine spectrum yakakura. Ine mhedzisiro yekuuraya mabhakitiriya mazhinji ane Gram-positive, negative, fungi uye molds, haitsamwisi, uye imishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ine chepfu shoma. Inogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya semushonga we mildew uye antibacterial mumishonga yekuuraya utachiona kana yekuzvichengetedza, senge shampoos dzinorwisa dandruff, washing hand, sipo nedzimwe sipo dzinorwisa mabhakitiriya. Yakagamuchirwa neUS FDA, PCMX ndiyo mishonga inouraya utachiona inonyanya kufarirwa ine huwandu hushoma hwe0.5%, uye inogona kusanganiswa nemvura nechiyero che1:120 kana ikashandiswa. Chloroxylenol haishande nema surfactants asiri e ionic uye methylcellulose. Parizvino, mishonga yakawanda inouraya utachiona kana sipo dzekuwacha dzinorwisa mabhakitiriya dziri pamusika dzakawedzera iyi mishonga.

2,4-Dichloro-3,5-dimethylphenol (DCMX)

DCMX iguruva jena kana yero rakachenuruka kana kuti crystalline powder solid ine hwema hwakakosha, inonyunguduka kusvika 92-95°C, yakaoma kunyunguduka mumvura, uye inonyunguduka nyore nyore muzvinwiwa zvakaita se ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol nezvimwe zvinonyungudutsa zve organic. Inoshanda zvakanyanya, ine spectrum yakakura uye yakasimba yekuuraya utachiona. Chigadzirwa ichi chine simba guru rekuuraya uye kudzivirira tupukanana tunopfuura gumi, uye chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yemishonga yekurapa kana yekuuraya utachiona, pamwe nekudzivirira mildew muindasitiri yeganda.

Pakushandisa mishonga inouraya utachiona inonzi phenol, zvinhu zvinouraya utachiona hazvinyunguduke mumvura, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kugadzira phenol panguva yekushandisa. Phenol chinhu chinozivikanwa pasi rose chinokonzera kenza, chinokonzera kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza zvakanyanya uye chine njodzi pakushandisa.

3. Zvimwe

2-Phenoxyethanol (EPH/EP)

2-Phenoxyethanol, inozivikanwawo se ethylene glycol monophenyl ether kana phenoxyethanol, mushonga unodzivirira zvipembenene une spectrum yakakura pasi rose. Une hunhu hwekushanda zvakanaka, kuchengetedzeka, chepfu shoma, usingatsamwisi uye hauna kusvibiswa, uye unogona kushandiswa kudzivirira ngura uye kuibvisa mumishonga, zvizoro, zvinhu zvekugezesa mumba, pamwe nekuuraya utachiona uye kuchengetedza machira emvura uye zvizoro. 2-Phenoxyethanol ine nhoroondo yakareba yekushandiswa kwakakura uye kwakanaka, yakachengeteka uye haitsamwisi muviri wemunhu, inogona kudzora mabhakitiriya, mbiriso uye molds zvinobudirira, uye ine mhedzisiro yakajeka yekubatana kana ikashandiswa nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoshanda zvekuuraya zvipembenene. Semushonga unodzivirira zvipembenene usiri weionic, EPH ine mhedzisiro yakanaka uye yakagadzikana mumafomula, uye inogona kushandiswa muhuwandu hwepH (pH 2-12). Inewo mhedzisiro yakanaka uye yakagadzikana mu alkaline medium inowanzoshandiswa muzvigadziko zvesipo, uye inoshandiswa semushonga unodzivirira zvipembenene uye deodorant unoshanda zvikuru munyika dzeEurope neAmerica.

Kana muine zvinodiwa pakugeza mishonga inouraya utachiona, musazeza kuigeza.taura nesuchero nguva.