Kugadzirwa kwe electrostatic charge

Kugona kwechinhu chakasimba kutakura chaji kunoenderana nemamiriro epamusoro, dielectric constant, surface resistivity, uye hunyoro hwenzvimbo yakapoteredza. Kugona kwacho kutakura chaji kunoenderana ne dielectric constant yayo nehunyoro, uye zvinoenderana zvakananga ne surface resistivity yayo. Chiratidzo chechaji chinosiyana zvichienderana nechinhu chacho; zvinhu zvine dielectric constants dzakaderera zvinochajiwa zvakanaka.

Hunhu hwekudzivirira hune chekuita nekuunganidza magetsi asingachinji. Maumbirwo emakemikoro emapurasitiki mazhinji anoratidza kuti ndiwo mapurasitiki akanaka kwazvo, zvichiita kuti ave zvinhu zvakakosha pakushandisa michina ine mafrequency akawanda senge radar. Nekuti mapurasitiki mazhinji ane conductivity yakaderera pamusoro, haakwanise kubvisa chaji yemagetsi nekukurumidza, musiyano uripo pakati pemapurasitiki nesimbi.

Munguva yekushandisa zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki, magetsi asingachinji anogona kukonzera matambudziko akasiyana-siyana uye kutungamira kumigumisiro yakakomba, kunyange ine njodzi. Njodzi dzinowanzoitika dzinosanganisira: kuunganidzwa kwakanyanya kwevhu pamusoro pepurasitiki; magetsi asingachinji anokwezva guruva rinokanganisa kunaka kweruzha rwemarekodhi; magetsi asingachinji anokonzera kunzwa kusingafadzi kwe "magetsi" muvanhu vanoshandisa makapeti efiber ekugadzira kana pasi pepurasitiki; kunamatira pakati pemafirimu epurasitiki nemapepa, zvichikanganisa kugadzirwa kwakajairika; uye hupfu hwakasimba hunoungana pamwe chete panguva yekufambisa kwemhepo. Zvishamiso zvinobuda zvinokonzerwa nekuunganidzwa kukuru kwesimba risingachinji zvinogona kutobatidza musanganiswa wemhepo neguruva kana organic solvents, zvichiva chikonzero chekuputika kwakawanda kunoparadza.

Matanho ekudzora kushaja kwemagetsi

(1) Kuwedzera hunyoro hwemukati: Sezvo hunyoro hwemukati hwezvigadzirwa zvakaumbwa huchiwedzera, kufambiswa kwemvura pamusoro pazvo kunowedzerawo, nokudaro zvichikurumidzisa kuparadzirwa kwechaji. Semuenzaniso, kana hunyoro hwemvura hwepolyamide inonwisa mvura hwakakwira kupfuura 65%, hapana magetsi asingachinji. Kusiyana neizvi, kana hunyoro huri pasi pe20%, matambudziko ekuenzanisa kwechaji pamusoro haadzivisiki. Muchiitiko ichi, nzira chete inoshanda yekudzvinyirira magetsi asingachinji ndeyekuwedzera matrix yemagetsi asingachinji kuderedza kusimba kwehuwandu.

(2) Wedzera kufambiswa kwemhepo:nekushandisa ionizer inoshanda pamutemo wemagetsi kana radioactivity kuwedzera conductivity yemhepo, kuitira kuti chaji ikwanise kupararira nekukurumidza mumhepo iri mumhepo.

(3) Wedzera kufambiswa kwemvura pamusoro nekuwedzera zvinhu zvinowedzerwa pamakemikari (antistatic agents) kumapurasitiki kana kuzviisa pamusoro kuti zviwedzere kufambiswa kwemvura pamusoro, nokudaro zvichibvisa kufambiswa kwemvura.

 Maumbirwo emakemikari eAntistatic Agents

Mishonga inorwisa static zvinhu zvinowedzerwa pakugadzira zvinhu kana kuiswa pamusoro pezvigadzirwa zvakaumbwa kuderedza kuunganidzwa kwemagetsi asingachinji. Kazhinji, zvichibva pakushandisa, mishonga inorwisa static inogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri makuru: kushandiswa kwemukati nekunze.

2.Mishonga Inodzivirira Kushanduka Kwemhepo Mukati

Zvinhu zvinodzivirira static zvinowedzerwa mukati zvinowedzerwa kuma polymer se surfactants vasati vagadzira kana panguva yekuumba. Zvese zvine hunhu hunoshanda pamusoro uye zvinogona kufamba uye kuungana pamusoro pezvikamu zvakaumbwa. Izvi zvinowedzera zvine mapoka e hydrophilic uye hydrophobic mumamorekuru avo. Mapoka e hydrophobic ane hukama hwakati ne polymer uye anogona kukonzera kuti mamorekuru ayo anamatire pamusoro pechigadzirwa, nepo mapoka e hydrophilic achishanda nekubatanidza uye kuchinjana nemamorekuru emvura pamusoro pechigadzirwa. Zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvinodzivirira static zvine hunhu hunoshanda pamusoro zvinogona kuiswa mumhando dze cationic, anionic, uye nonionic.

1.Mishonga Inodzivirira Kushanduka kweCationic:Mumhando iyi yemushonga unodzivirira static, chikamu chinoshanda chemorekuru chinowanzova neboka guru recationic uye kazhinji boka refu realkyl, senge quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary sulfonium salts, kana quaternary sulfonium salts. Anions anowanzo umbwa panguva ye quaternization reactions, senge chlorides, methyl sulfates, uye nitrates. Quaternary ammonium salt antistatic agents ndiyo inonyanya kuumba muchikamu ichi chezvigadzirwa zvekutengeserana. Cationic antistatic agents dzinonyanya kushanda pama polar matrices (akadai sePVC uye styrene polymers). Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwavo kwakaganhurirwa nekuda kwemhedzisiro yavo yakaipa pakugadzikana kwekupisa kwemamwe ma polymers.

2. Anionic Antistatic Agents: Mumhando iyi yeantistatic agent, chikamu chinoshanda chemorekuru iyi ianionic. Alkyl sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, dithiocarbamates, kana carboxylates zvinowanzo kutakura huwandu hwakawanda hweanion, nepo macations acho anowanzova alkali metal ions, uye dzimwe nguva alkaline earth metal ions. Semuenzaniso, sodium alkyl sulfonate inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri nekuti inoita antistatic effects inogutsa mu polyvinyl chloride uye polystyrene polymers, asi kushandiswa kwayo mu polyolefins kune zvimwe zvipingamupinyi.

3. Mishonga inorwisa static isiri yeionic: Izvi zvinodzivirira static agents zvine boka remamorekuru anoshanda pamusoro pemvura risina chaji uye rine polarity yakaderera (kunyanya polyethylene glycol esters kana ethers, fatty acid esters kana ethanolamines, mono- kana diglycerides, uye ethoxylated fatty amines). Zvinonyanya kutengeswa sezvinwiwa kana waxes dzisinganyorovese zvakanyanya.

Kuderera kwepolarity yezvinowedzerwa izvi kunoita kuti zvive zvinhu zvakanaka zvemukati zvekudzivirira static zve polyethylene ne polypropylene, uye zvinoratidzawo kubatana kwakanyanya. Mhando dzakasiyana dze polyethylene ne polypropylene dzine densities dzakasiyana, crystallinity, uye microscopic molecular structures. Saka, kuti uwane chimiro chakakodzera chemolecular chega chega che antistatic agent, kureba kwealkyl chain uye huwandu hwe hydroxyl kana ether groups mu compound zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa. Nenzira iyi chete ndipo panogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti application effect inodiwa. Semuenzaniso, ma antistatic agents anoshandiswa mu polypropylene haashande zvakanaka kana akaiswa pa low-density polyethylene, uye zvinopesana.

 Mushonga wekunze wekudzivirira wemhando yekunze

Mishonga inodzivisa kusimba kwekunze inoiswa pamusoro pezvikamu zvakaumbwa muchimiro chemvura kana doro. Nekuda kwenzira dzakasiyana dzekushandisa, zvinodiwa zvechimiro zvinotaurwa mumishonga inodzivisa kusimba kwemukati zvinova zvisinganyanyi kukosha. Mishonga yese inoshanda pamusoro, pamwe chete nezvinhu zvakawanda zvisingashande pamusoro (zvakaita seglycerin, polyols, uye polyethylene glycol), zvine hunhu hunodzivirira kusimba kusvika padanho rakasiyana, uye kushanda kwemishonga iyi hakukanganisike nekuenderana kwayo nepolymer kana kufamba kwayo mukati mepolymer.