I. Mitemo neTsananguro

Chiedza chezuva chine chiedza cheultraviolet (UV) chakawanda, chine marefu ehurefu hwemarefu angangoita 290-460 nm, izvo zvinokuvadza zvinhu zvine mavara. Chiedza ichi cheUV chinokuvadza chinoita kuti mamorekuru emavara aore uye anyangarike kuburikidza nekuita kwemakemikari e redox. Kushandisa maUV absorbers kunogona kudzivirira kana kuderedza zvinokuvadza zvemwaranzi yeUV pazvinhu zvakachengetedzwa.

Chinonyudza UV chinhu chinogadzirisa chiedza chinonyudza chikamu cheUV chezuva uye manyuko echiedza chefluorescent pasina kuchinja chero kupi zvako. Pasi pezuva ne fluorescence, mapurasitiki nemamwe ma polymer anosangana ne auto-oxidation reactions nekuda kwebasa remwaranzi yeUV, zvichikonzera kuora kwepolymer nekuora, zvichikonzera chitarisiko chisina kunaka uye hunhu hwemakanika. Kuwedzera ma UV absorbers kunonyudza mwaranzi yeUV ine simba guru, kuchishandura kuita simba risingakuvadzi rinoburitswa kana kudyiwa. Sezvo ma polymer akasiyana aine ma UV wavelength akasiyana anokonzera kuora, ma UV absorber akasiyana anonyudza ma wavelength akasiyana emwaranzi yeUV. Nokudaro, chinonyudza UV chakakodzera chinofanira kusarudzwa zvichienderana nerudzi rwe polymer inoshandiswa.

II. Kurongeka uye Mashandiro eVanobata Ultraviolet

Zvishandiso zvinonyungudutsa ultraviolet zvinofanira kusangana nemamiriro ezvinhu anotevera:

① Inogona kunwisa mwaranzi ye ultraviolet zvakasimba (kunyanya mwaranzi ye ultraviolet ine marefu e 290 ~ 400nm); ② Ine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekupisa uye haizochinji nekuda kwekupisa kunyangwe panguva yekugadzirisa, ine kugadzikana kushoma kwekupisa; ③ Ine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemakemikari uye haizokanganisa zvinhu zviri muchigadzirwa; ④ Ine kusanganiswa kwakanaka uye inogona kupararira zvakaenzana muchinhu chisina kutumbuka kana kubuda mvura; ⑤ Chinhu chinonyudza chine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwe photochemical, hachiori, uye hachichinje ruvara; ⑥ Haina ruvara, haina chepfu, uye haina hwema; ⑦ Inogezwa; ⑧ Haidhuri uye inowanikwa nyore.

MaBenzotriazole UV absorbers ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa muChina pari zvino, asi maTriazine UV absorbers anoratidza kushanda kuri nani kupfuura maBenzotriazoles. MaTriazine absorbers ane hunhu hwakanaka hwekunyudzwa kweUV, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvakanakira, zvichiita kuti ashandiswe zvakanyanya mumapolymers. Anoratidza kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwekupisa, kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekugadzirisa, uye kuramba acid. Mukushanda kwakakodzera, maTriazine UV absorbers anoratidza simba rekubatana pamwe chete nevanodzikamisa chiedza cheamine vakavharirwa; kana vakashandiswa pamwe chete, vanoburitsa mhedzisiro iri nani pane kana vakashandiswa vega vega.

III. Zvinonhuhwirira zve ultraviolet zvakawanda

(1) Zvinobuda mukuita kwe o-nitroaniline ne p-cresol

Inotaridzika semakristaro eyero asina ruvara kana kuti asina kucheneruka. Inonyungudika muzvinhu zvakawanda zvinonyungudutsa zvakaita sepeturu, benzene, uye acetone. Inonyungudika zvishoma mumvura uye hainyungudike nealkalis kana acids dzakasimba. Inogona kuita nemaion esimbi inorema kuti igadzire munyu. Inogona kupinza chiedza cheultraviolet nema wavelengths e270-280 nm. Pokunyungudika kwayo i130-131℃.

Inonyanya kushandiswa mumaresini akadai sepolyester, polyester ine chlorinated, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, plexiglass, uye polyacrylonitrile. Inoratidza kugadzikana kuri nani muzvigadzirwa zvinoonekera pane muzvigadzirwa zvine mavara. Chiyero muzvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa i ≤0.5%.

(2) 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (UV-9)

Upfu hwekristaro hwakachenuruka kana huchena. Huremu 1.324 g/cm³. Nzvimbo yekunyunguduka 62-66℃. Nzvimbo yekufashaira 150-160℃ (0.67 kPa), 220℃ (2.4 kPa). Hunonyunguduka muzvinhu zvakawanda zvinonyunguduka zvakaita seacetone, ketones, benzene, methanol, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, uye ethanol; hazvinyunguduke mumvura. Kunyunguduka (g/100g, 25℃) mune zvimwe zvinonyunguduka ndekwekuti: benzene 56.2, n-hexane 4.3, ethanol (95%) 5.8, carbon tetrachloride 34.5, styrene 51.2, DOP 18.7.

Semushonga unonyungudutsa UV, wakakodzera mapurasitiki akasiyana-siyana akadai sepolyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, unsaturated polyester, ABS resin, uye cellulose resin. Hurefu hwewavelength hunosvika 280~340nm, uye chiyero chakajairika i0.1%~1.5%. Une kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekupisa uye hauori pa200℃. Chigadzirwa ichi hachinyanyi kunyanyi kunyanyi kupenya, zvichiita kuti chikodzere zvigadzirwa zvine ruvara rwakajeka uye zvinoonekera. Chinogona zvakare kushandiswa mumapendi nerabha yekugadzira.

(3) 2-Hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone (UV-531)

Upfu hwekristaro hwakachenuruka kana huchena. Huremu 1.160 g/cm³ (25℃). Nzvimbo yekunyunguduka 48~49℃. Hunonyunguduka muacetone, benzene, ethanol, uye isopropanol; hunonyunguduka zvishoma mu dichloroethane; haunyunguduke mumvura. Kunyunguduka (g/100g, 25℃) mune zvimwe zvinonyunguduka ndeizvi: acetone 74, benzene 72, methanol 2, ethanol (95%) 2.6, n-heptane 40, n-hexane 40.1, mvura 0.5.

Semushonga weUV, unonwisa chiedza cheultraviolet zvine simba nema wavelengths e270-330 nm. Unogona kushandiswa mumapurasitiki akasiyana-siyana, kunyanya polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, ABS resin, polycarbonate, uye polyvinyl chloride. Unoenderana zvakanaka nemaresins uye hauchinji zvakanyanya. Chiyero chakajairika i0.1% kusvika 1%. Une simba rakanaka rekubatana kana ukashandiswa ne4,4-thiobis (6-tert-butyl-p-cresol). Chigadzirwa ichi chinogonawo kushandiswa sechinosimbisa chiedza mumachira akasiyana-siyana.

(4) 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′,5′-di-tert-phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole (UV-327) imushonga weUV une hunhu hwakafanana uye unoshandiswa nebenzotriazole UV-326. Inonwisa chiedza cheultraviolet zvine simba nema wavelengths e270~380nm, ine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemakemikari, uye kusagadzikana kwakaderera. Inoenderana zvakanaka nepolyolefins. Inonyanya kukodzera polyethylene nepolypropylene. Pamusoro pezvo, inogona zvakare kushandiswa mu polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyoxymethylene, polyurethane, unsaturated polyester, ABS resin, epoxy resin, cellulose resin, nezvimwewo. Chigadzirwa ichi chine kusimba kwakanyanya kwekupisa, kushambidzika, kusimba kwegasi, uye kuchengetedza hunhu hwemakanika. Iine simba rakakura rekubatana kana ikashandiswa ne antioxidants. Inoshandiswa kuvandudza kusimba kwe thermo-oxidative kwezvigadzirwa.

(5) Resorcinol monobenzoate ihupfu huchena hwekristaro. Nzvimbo yekunyunguduka 132~135℃. Kuwanda kwehuwandu 0.68 g/cm³ (20%). Inonyunguduka muacetone neethanol, inonyunguduka zvishoma mubenzene, mvura, n-heptane, nezvimwewo. Semugadziri wemwenje weUV, mashandiro ayo akafanana neebenzophenone-based light stabilizers. Inonyanya kushandiswa mu polyvinyl chloride, cellulose resin, uye polystyrene, kazhinji pachiyero che1% kusvika 2%.